N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y

Transcription

1 N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y COAL BED METHANE COAL GASIFICATION GEOTHERMAL WIND POWER SOLAR POWER BIOFUEL BIOMASS Prepared by Muchsin CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT

2 CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND 2. NEW ENERGY a. Coal Bed Methane b. Coal Gasification 3. RENEWABLE ENERGY a. Geothermal b. Wind Power c. Solar Power e. Biofuel f. Biomass N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y

3 CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT BACKGROUND Why New & Renewable Energy Are Important: 1. Energy Security (Import and Diversification) 2. Reduce the dependency of fossil fuels 3. Reduce greenhouse gas emission 4. Alternative energy for peak oil season 5. Because.. It is renewable! Indonesia Emission Primary Source Energy Source Source: Source: USAID USAID Report Report N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y

4 CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT BACKGROUND Indonesia Electricity Generation Based on Fuel (GWh) Indonesia Development Plant for New & Renewable Energy Small Scale Source: RUPTL PLN N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y

5 N E W E N E R G Y COAL BED METHANE COAL GASIFICATION CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT

6 COAL BED METHANE - Other names: coal bed gas; coal seam gas - It was formed during conversion of plant into coal - Safety risk in coal mining - It s called sweet gas, cause lack of H2S - Production cost x compare to conventional gas, even though the wells are shallower than conventional gas TYPICAL PRODUCTION OF CBM TOTAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCES = TCF (1.4% WORLD S RESERVE, AVERAGE ANNUAL PRODUCTION 0.7 TCF) MAIN PLAYER INDONESIA: MEDCO ENERGY, VICO, EXXON MOBILE PROJECTS OPPORTUNITY: 1. Pipeline 2. Gas Processing Plant 3. Gas Fired Power Plant 5 TH WORLD RANK

7 COAL GASIFICATION - Gas produced from Coal Gasification is named syngas / synthetic gas - The process is using low rank coal (Only 13% of Indonesia s coal reserve is high rank) - Syngas is released during half burning process - The syngas can be used as natural gas and also electricity generation. - Case study: PLN Kepri PLTGB 6MW Investment : 11,952,000 USD Economical : IRR 10%, Payback 6 years COAL GASIFICATION PLANT TOTAL COAL RESSERVE = 5,529 MILLION TONNES (0.6% WORLD S RESERVE, 2011 PRODUCTION MILLION TONNES) 1 TONNE OF LIGNITE EQUAL TO NM3 OF SYNGAS PROJECT DEVELOPMENT: PT BUKIT ASAM, PLN Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plant PROJECTS OPPORTUNITY: 1. Gasification Plant 2. Gas Fired Power Plant 3. Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plane

8 R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y GEOTHERMAL WIND POWER SOLAR POWER BIOFUEL BIOMASS CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT

9 Steam Gathering System Geothermal Energy Technology Power Plant System Well Head Plant Options Turbine Separator Piping Geothermal Resources Condensing Surveys Conceptual Model Drilling Reservoir Management

10 GEOTHERMAL SURFACE FEATURES Associated with heat and mass discharged from the ground, and being the most obvious manifestations of a geothermal system. The type of surface features, with investigation of water color, ph, chemistry content, may be useful to classify geothermal area as a liquid or steam dominated system. Steam Ground and Fumaroles (Steam Dominated System) Geothermal System Temperature Production Enthalpy Bubbling Mud Pool (Steam Dominated System) Two Phase Geothermal System Liquid Dominated C kj/kg Steam Dominated C kj/kg Cibuni Field is considered as steam dominated, high enthalphy 2600 kj/kg, reservoir temperature 240 deg Celcius), refer to data of 1996.

11 GEOTHERMAL SURFACE FEATURES Boiling Water (Liquid Dominated System) Sinter Terraces, Geyser, Hot Pools (Liquid Dominated System)

12 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PHASES Identification Exploration Drilling & SGS Production Time Frame: 3 6 Months Time Frame: Years Time Frame: 1 2 Years Time Frame: 1 2 Years Locate & Assess a Prospect - Desktop Data Research & Analysis - Regional Reconnaissance - Geology & Geochemistry Resource Study - Historical Drilling Data - Infrastructure Availability Assess Lease & Permits -Land Acquisition - Land Use Laws - Contact Federal Agencies - Water Right - Environmental Review Establish Baseline Business Model -Economic Modeling Baseline - Resource Expectation Baseline - Project Scale Business - Electric Market Analysis - Land Use Cost - Land Use Limitation - Grid Compatibility, Interconnection Cost District Exploration - Geochemical Analysis - Geophysical Survey Prospect Exploration - Exploratory Temperature Gradient Drilling - Resource Measurement Permitting - Permitting Application Procedures for Exploration - Environmental Impact Statement for Exploration Re-Evaluate Business Model - Site, Scale & Technology Choice - Generation Potential Revisions - Feasibility Analysis Design & Estimate Cost of Well - Design Characteristic - Geological Structure - Predicted Drilling Curve Permits - Drilling Permits - Environmental Impact Statement for Drilling - Water Reintroduction Assemble Equipment & Crew - Market Fluctuations w/ O & G - Crew Availability - Rig Cost & Maintenance - Daily Rate of Other Equipments Drill, Test & Complete the Well - Reservoir Management - Casing - Pumps Obtain Financing - Completed Power Purchase Agreement - Bankable Geothermal Reservoir Report - EPC Contract Preliminary Facility Design - Equity Constraint - Geophysical Constraints - Temperature & Chemistry Constraints EPC Manufacture EPC Construction Power Plant Production (O & M) Investment Landscape Power Purchase Agreement Deloitte: Geothermal Risk Mitigation Strategies Report, 2008

13 (Peter Barnett SKM, 2006)

14 Plant Size Geothermal Power Direct Capital Cost per kw Installed Capacity (Al-Dabbas, 2009) Cost High Quality Resource (US$ / kw ) Medium Quality Resource (US$ / kw ) High Quality Resource (US$ / kw ) Medium Quality Resource (US$ / kw ) Small Plants < 5 MW Medium Plants (5 30 MW) Large Plants (> 30 MW) Exploration Steam Field Power Plant Total Exploration Steam Field Power Plant Total Exploration Steam Field Power Plant Estimate US$ inflation rate 4.3% for period Total

15 STEAM FIELD EQUIPMENTS Expansion Loop for Pipe Multiple Wells Separator

16 STEAM FIELD EQUIPMENTS Separator and Silencer Geothermal Field Production Well Reinjection Well Piping

17 GEOTHERMAL DRILLING DRILLING RIG (Left: Rick Mast and Platform, Right Above: BOP, Right Centre: Mud Pond, Right Bottom: Cementing Pump)

18 GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT o Single Flash System o Double Flash System o Multi Flash System o Binary System o Combined Cycle (Flash + Binary) Single Flash Double Flash

19 GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

20 GEOTHERMAL BINARY PLANT WAIRAKEI AND MOKAI BINARY POWER PLANT

21 GEOTHERMAL DIRECT USE Hot Pool Green House Timber Drying Hospital Heating

22 GEOTHERMAL AREAS

23 WIND POWER - Average wind speed 3 5 m/s, low compare to other countries - China has the biggest total wind power capacity (62,733 MW or 26.3% world total) - The electricity production is intermittent, only average 24% of capacity factor - Economically, wind power could not compete with fossil fuel. WIND RESOURCE INDONESIA ONSHORE & OFFSHORE WIND FARM Cost Structure Can t live without subsidize & feed in tariff Onshore Offshore

24 SOLAR POWER - Indonesia s solar power potency is kwh/m2 annually 0.2 kw/m2 average. - To produce 1 MW, it will require 5000 m2. - Economically, solar power could not compete with fossil fuel. - Electricity production only 20 30% of capacity factor. - World biggest solar power producer: 1. Germany 24.8 GW 2. Italy 12.8 GW 3. Japan 4.9 GW 4. USA 4.3 GW 5. Spain 4.2 GW SOLAR POWER PLANT Application in Indonesia: Electrification for 1000 Outer Islands Photovoltaic Power Plant Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Cirata Green Energy Park (Rencana 1 MW PV)

25 BIOFUEL - Biofuel: bioethanol (similar to premium) and biodiesel (similar to solar) - Bioethanol: carbohydrat conversion into glucose, by adding fermentation process ethanol can be produced from the glucose. - Biodiesel: Fat accid is processed through transesterification and result to ester and glycerol. Ester as biodiesel. - Installed capacity million kiloliters / year but 2011 production only 0.65 million kiloliters. Challenges: 1. Raw materials compete with increasing food price 2. Economical price of biofuel can t compete with subsidized fossil fuel World s biggest producers: USA 567,000 b/doe Brazil 265,000 b/doe Germany 57,000 b/doe Prospective Partners for Developing Biofuel: 1. PTPN 2. Private companies (Wilmar, SGRO, SMART, UNSP) Raw Materials: Palm oil, Coconut, Jatropha Raw Materials: Molases, Cassava, Corn Biodiesel Plant (Kansas USA) 211 million liters / year

26 BIOMASS - Biomass: plant / waste matter used to generate electricity, either by direct combustion (steam turbine) or gasification (gas engine/turbine). - Sources of biomass: wood chip, bagase, palm oil, rice husk, corn hull. Middlesbrough Biomass Power Plant 30 MW, UK

27 BIOMASS APPLICATION OF BIOMASS POWER PLANT 1. PLTBS Sei Mangke PTPN III Capacity : 2 x 3.5 MW Investment : IDR 97,000,000,000 Economical : IRR 14.11%, Payback period 7 years (Based on electricity price 787 Rp/kWh) 2. Waste to Energy / PLTSa - PT Navigat Organic Energy Indonesia Gasification, Landfill, Anaerobic Digestion 3. Merauke Integrated Food & Energy Estate - PT Medco Energy - Sugar Cane & Sorghum Plantation - Power Plant 40 MW - Ethanol Distillery Location : Sarbagita (10 MW) Investment 30 Million USD Bantargebang (26 MW) Investment 75 Million USD

28 RECOMMENDATION PT. PP (Persero) Tbk Playing a Role in New & Renewable Energy Development 1. Strengthen company brand as green contractor by participating in clean & renewable energy development projects. 2. EPC Division has a firm grid for gas power plant, needs to keep its competitiveness a. Gas Engine Power Plants b. Combined Cycle Power Plant Strategic alliances with key manufacturers 3. Many opportunities for geothermal projects, need to develop partnerships to participate in geothermal power plant projects. 4. Developing network and capability in new & renewable energy with other companies.

29 THANK YOU