Democratization of the Energy Sector

Transcription

1 Democratization of the Energy Sector Preben Maegaard, Founding President, World Wind Energy Associaton Chairperson, WCRE, World Council for Renewable Energy Director, Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy, Parliamentary Hearing on 100% RE in European Regions, World Future Council at Folkecenter, October

2 Before Fukushima After..

3 The fossil fuel age - low efficiency, huge climate and ressource problems 65% of useful energy is wasted in the cooling towers. This is termodynamical criminality!

4 Wind is a natural ressource!

5 Power for the World the history

6 The Emergence of Modern Windpower

7

8 Denmark will avoid the feared oil trap!

9 Windenergy in Denmark Folkecenter for Renewable Energy

10 DKK per kwh 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 Denmark has low power prices with CHP and high share of wind energy, 0,0 IE IT LU UK DE NL BE PT EU15 AT ES GR DK SE NO FR FI Source: Eurostat Folkecenter for Renewable Energy

11 Supported by 95% of Danish Parliament 50% Of the Electicity from the Wind by 2020

12 Denmark, wind power capacity by 2020 Kilde: Min. of Energy, press release Wind power in Denmark by 2020 Type of wind power Year/period Installed capacity, MW kwh/ -cents Existing, End of Offshore, Anholt 2012/ , full load hours Onshore ½, full load hours Near shore (up to 3 km) ½ to be decided Offshore , full load hours Community owned Total MW Source: Min. of Energy, press release

13 The Supply Doctrine 1. Further development can make wind power the primary source for electricity and heating 2. When there is a local surplus of wind electricity it will be used in local CHP plants and replace biomass and natural gas. 3. Biomass and natural gas will in this way be back-up storage when wind- and solar energy is not sufficient to cover the need for electricity and heating. 4. Biomass and NG are limited resources and should not be used when sufficient solar and wind is available.

14 Opposition to Green Power, Why? - Wind power which its strong impact on the visual environment is opposed; people find it intrusive that non-community citizens for profit take over the land available. - Lack of respect and concern of the common good solutions causes NIMBY. In Denmark 155 local groups oppose local wind power iprojects. - Energy democracy can change people s attitude to wind power.

15 Present Situation Present situation: With lack of local, democratic community structures, re-vitalization of monopolies 1. Offshore mainly owned by large power companies. 2. Very expensive wind power(dong/anholt) 3. Monopoly when bidding (DONG/Anholt) 4. Lack of democracy in the planning processes. This is against a long tradition of community power on the Danish energy scene. Source: Frede Hvelplund

16 Time for Energy Democracy

17 From present development to energy democracy 1. To be accepted in the future, local-/regional ownership is a must. 2. To solve the technical challenges with a very large share of wind power, local-/regional ownership is a must. 3. The present distant ownership trend is inefficient both with regard to generating the necessary acceptance, and with regard to technical integration of wind power. 4. Therefore public ownership must be implemented in Denmark- and other countries as well! Source: Frede Hvelplund

18 Liberalisation and Repowering Program caused Damage

19 Lack of Public Regulation paved the Way for Global Speculants

20 With appropriate Legislation lodal Energy Supply comes on the Agenda

21 The Mayor presents the Energy Plan in the Municipality Board

22 The local Residents now see Wind Energy as part of the Local Infrastructure

23 For the Danish Society an Alternative to Offshore and Investors has been created

24 Energy to the Common Good The infrastructure can include, wind power, district heating, combine heat and power, biogas, biomass and solar. The energy installations are owned and operated by the community, which means its citizens. The benefits from democratic ownership are delivered to the community instead of large, foreign corporations, state owned companies, individual for-profit companies and similar

25 Benefits of Energy Democracy - Local public companies invest in and operate local green power producing infrastructure - Benefits from the infrastructure are reaped by all the citizens - Local pollution reduction, CO2 reduction, job creation, business development, economic diversification and skill building are side effects. - Once a community has experience with energy democracy, that skill can be transferred to other communities.

26 How Energy Democracy is different - Community chooses a infrastructure that is best to strengthen the social economy. - Financial benefits are reinvested into the community; thus the community becomes shareholder of its own resources. - Local projects are smaller scale and can grow at a rate that the community is comfortable with. -.

27 Summary 1. Advantages of publicly owned supply systems are significant, the main benefits being: Solar and wind cover the need for power, heating/cooling and mobility when available Biomass is the primary source of energy for backup Reliability: Wind, PV and CHP are mature technologies.

28 Summary 2. The Ability to incorporate Renewable Energy: biogas, solar for power and heating, wind for power and heat, gasification of locally grown biomass. Scalability and Flexibility: Local are scalable and flexible to operate. High Efficiency: Medium size,local CHP units have a system efficiency of 85-90%. (Concentional power 35 to 40 %)

29 Summary 3. Low investments: Decentralized units can be manufactured in big numbers that brings costs down. High excess power prices: Will have the value of the fuel that it replaces. Community democracy: Local energy autonomy brings new income and the power back to the people. Revitalization of local energy democracy with consumer owned and municipal utilities.

30 New legal framework is required By legislation only local public companies can obtain permission and access to sites for wind turbines for collective supply. Income from local wind power can be spent only by the local green foundation for common good energy purposes. Outcome: The necessary local acceptance of new wind turbines is secured when the community harvests the benefits

31 Society as a whole benefits The whole society benefits from lower power prices and competiveness compared to central offshore wind energy. A small country like Denmark will save EUR 3 billion by choosing public owned wind power to supply 50% of the electricity compared to offshore as planned by the central utilities.

32 2 MW TVIND FROM 1978

33 3 x 3 MW V-112 On-the-Beach in Hvide Sande: 45 Mill kwh/year

34 Middelgrunden, Denmark 20 x 2,3 MW

35 Offshore windfarm at Middelgrunden between Sweden and Denmark

36 One 2 MW windmill: 8 mio. kwh/y

37 Shaping the landscape Folkecenter for Renewable Energy

38 LANDSCAPE WITH ROLLING HILLS AND WINDMILLS

39 6 x 2 MW in Gettrup near Folkecenter

40 Approved small wind turbines in Denmark: 1) Up to 5 m 2 swept area ca. 10 different types. 2) From 5 to 40 m 2 swept area 8 types 1. Evance Wind (engelsk) 5 kw 2. Windspot (spansk) 3,5 kw 3. Vindby (engelsk) 1 til 2 kw 4. Easy Wind (tysk) 6 kw 5. Eco Wind (skotsk) 6 kw 6. Thy Møllen (dansk) 6 kw 7. Energytech (tysk) 5,5 kw 8. ZE Wind (dansk) 6 kw 3) From 40 m 2 to 200 m 2 swept area 4 types: 1. Gaia Wind (dansk) 11 kw 2. Eco Wind (skotsk) 15 kw 3. HS Viking (dansk) 25 kw 4. ZE Wind (dansk) 25 kw

41 THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND CHALLENGE

42 Towards a Renewable Energy Economy 1 CHANGE OF SCALE FROM: 100 major fossil energy deposits worldwide Big scale fossil fuel technologies Large national structures and power monopolies Gigawatt-size systems Centralized power generation Uni-directional power flow 10/20 kv 0.4 kv 110/220/380 kv Big Power Plants Industry

43 Towards a Renewable Energy Economy 2 CHANGE OF SCALE TO: Small renewable energy devices Millions of small-scale energy suppliers Local and individual supply KW or MW-size systems On-site and distributed generation Bi-directional power flow Source: EnergyWeb@2010,

44 Electricity supply, Utility Thy-Mors Energi 316 windmills At 6 7 m/s wind covers the need for power 187 MW installed wind capacity 37 MWel installed CHP capacity, 21 units 2010: power production from wind energy of 467 GWh 2008: power consumption of 538 GWh Electricity Consumption 87 % from wind 20% from biogas and CHP waste a small amount of PV: in PV plants, each 6 kw In week : 200 plants each 6 kw Wind

45 Consumption of power is predictable Wind- and solar power fluctuates

46 The Need for Non-Grid Solutions

47 Power Demand and Wind Power Denmark, 2007 and 2015

48 Combined and integrated solutions Solar and Wind cannot stand alone and ensure continuous supply of electricity. 1. Solar and wind produce too much power; downregulation is required and some of the excess power can be converted, stored or exported 2. Solar and wind produce too little power; up-regulation is required and the stored energy will be used and power imported 3. Solar and wind produce no power; storageable supply and import is required and will cover the total demand

49 Wind Heat and Power, WHP

50 Dramatic Change of Power Infrastructure

51 CHP: Two Times more efficient! District Heating and CHP is the single most important improvement of energy efficiency 60% 10% 100% 40% 100% 40% Before Now 50% Conventional Power Plant Combined Heating/Cooling & Power

52 When the Cooling Towers are the Radiators in People,s Houses km pipelines for heating and cooling in Denmark C 75% of the space heatning is by District Heating

53 How to phase-out fossil fuels

54 How to balance the power system

55 CHP and Community Biogas

56 Folkecenter for Renewable Energy

57 Folkecenter for Renewable Energy

58 Vorupör, 1,8 MW el, 800 Inhabitants

59 Wind Power for Heating in Hanstholm

60 Parat electric boiler

61 Ancillary Technologies Electric Boilers Flue Gas Heat Exchanger Absorbsion Heat Pump

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63 PV at the Folkecenter

64 Plus energi hus Spildevandsanlæg Halmhus Jordhus Test-site for Bølge Vingelund Brintanlæg Biodomen Solvarmeanlæg Solcelleanlæg Rapsolie!Preben Maegaard Test-site for små vindmø