Systems for safe and efficient hydrogen storage and logistics via LOHC

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1 Systems for safe and efficient hydrogen storage and logistics via LOHC Erlangen, May 2016 HYDROGENIOUS TECHNOLOGIES GmbH Weidenweg Erlangen

2 Hydrogenious Technologies LOHC Technology Applications Products and Projects 1

3 Hydrogenious Technologies GmbH a pioneer in chemical hydrogen storage Spin-off FAU Erlangen Nürnberg Global technology leader for Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier - LOHC Specialized on the development and construction of containerized hydrogen storage & release systems January 2013 Founding of HT by Dr. Teichmann, Prof. Arlt, Prof. Wasserscheid & Prof. Schlücker July 2014 Strategic investment by Anglo Platinum May 2015 Commissioning of hydrogenation unit January 2016 Ceremony for the commissioning of 1 st commercial system May 2014 Friedrich-Alexander University becomes a shareholder September 2014 HQ at Weidenweg in Erlangen opens December 2015 Delivery of first components and lab systems 2

4 Hydrogenious Technologies management team combines scientific and business experience Dr. Daniel Teichmann CEO & Founder Dr.-Ing. University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Conceptualized LOHC based energy storage and logistics model in his PhD thesis Industry experience with BMW, Leoni (China) and McKinsey Dr. Cornelius von der Heydt Head of Business Development Dr. Martin Schneider Head of Project Development Dr. Berthold Melcher Head of Engineering & Ops Dr. Caspar Paetz Head of R&D Dr. University of Kassel 4+ year experience in consulting and finance (BCG, Roland Berger, Deutsche Bank) Co-Founder of a bio-methane company Dr.-Ing. University of Erlangen- Nuremberg Post-doc at University of St. Andrews Industry experience with AREVA Dr.-Ing. University of Erlangen- Nuremberg 5+ years industry experience with Siemens Energy & Celanese Dr.-Ing. University of Erlangen- Nuremberg 7+ years industry experience with ThyssenKrupp & THOST 1+ year project lead with Engineers without Borders Total team: 25 employees and growing 3

5 Hydrogenious Technologies serves two business sectors with identical technological base F U E L S Innovative hydrogen logistics with: Industrial hydrogenation units up to 1,500 Nm 3 /h H 2 Easy transport by truck, train or ship up to 1,800 kg H 2 / 40t-truck Safe supply of hydrogen filling stations Utilization of existing infrastructure LOHC Energy storage systems: Turnkey plug & play systems and tailored solutions 30 1,000 kw input power Storage capacity of 10 1,000 MWh Optimized for local energy storage 4

6 Hydrogenious Technologies LOHC Technology Applications Products and Projects 5

7 LOHC enables safe and efficient storage of hydrogen through molecular binding 9 H 2 9 H 2 We build systems to chemically bind hydrogen to a carrier liquid 6

8 Our LOHC systems containerized and easy to install on-site 7

9 3kg Hydrogen Storage - Less Weight, Less Volume Compressed hydrogen storage (300bar) Total weight: 250 kg Total volume: > 150 l LOHC storage (ambient conditions) Total weight: 50 kg Total volume: 50 l 8

10 Our LOHC technology has significant advantages in performance and handling compared to competing technologies Hydrogen logistics performance Energy storage performance kg H 2 / 40-to truck 5x kwh / m³ 1, , CGH2 (250 bar) Our LOHC is Efficient 630 Nm 3 H 2 / m 3 LOHC 6.23-wt% 1.9 MWh / m³ LOHC Safe Non-explosive Non-toxic LOHC Pumped hydro Easy to handle Diesel-like liquid Ambient conditions Low priced ~4 /l Reusable CGH2 (70bar) Li-Ion battery LOHC 9

11 Hydrogenious Technologies LOHC Technology Applications Products and Projects 10

12 The flexibility of hydrogen makes it a key resource in numerous applications and industries Processing Industry Mobility Chemicals & Fertilizer On-grid Special applications Off-grid Existing markets Developing markets 11

13 which can easily, safely and efficiently be connected by our LOHC technology to enable a socialized hydrogen world Industrial Hydrogen 1 Distribution L HC+ H 2 Steam Methane Reforming Coal gasification By-product hydrogen Hydrogen-rich gases Renewable Energies Hydrogenation 2 L HC- Stationary L HC+ De- Hydrogenation H 2 H 2 Industry Mobility Electrolysis H 2 De-Hydrogenation H 2 Wind / PV Energy Biomass Hydropower L HC- Electricity 12

14 LOHC enables safe and efficient hydrogen transport LOHC (Perhydro- Dibenzyltoluene) CGH2 250bar) CGH2 500bar) LH C) H 2 per truck up to 1.800kg up to 350kg up to 1.100kg up to 3.300kg Capex for trailer Maintenance intensity Handling Hazardous Net energy required 1 (excl. transport) Boil-off ~ low + no 5-30% 2 (th.) 0% > very high - yes > very high - yes > high - yes 5-6% (el.) (eq. to ~ 18% th.) 12-14% (el.) (eq. to ~ 40% th.) 30% (el.) (eq. to ~ 90% th.) 0% 0% 1-3% / day 13

15 Hydrogen logistics Case study 1: Industrial hydrogen logistics study shows clear competitive advantage for LOHC Payback 8 /kg 10y 8 /kg Years % Transport distance (km) Transport distance (km) CGH2 (250bar) CGH2 (500bar) LH2 LOHC (today) LOHC (targetl) Core assumptions Operations Production capacity 6,300 kg/d # of customers 30 Average demand 210 kg/d Investment costs (incl. trucks & trailers) CGH2 250 bar EUR 23.7 Mio. CGH2 500 bar EUR 32.6 Mio. Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) EUR 34.0 Mio. LOHC (today) EUR 44.4 Mio. LOHC (target) EUR 21.8 Mio. 14

16 Hydrogen logistics Case study 2: HRS supply via LOHC enables manageable supply frequency, reduces required safety precautions Number of required truck deliveries U.S. example: NFPA 2 (2016 edition) requirements for hydrogen fueling stations Truck deliveries / day 6,0 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 LOHC CGH2 (250bar) CGH2 (500bar) LH2 Diesel (for comparisson only) Required Separation CGH2 Barrier wall Liquid hydrogen Barrier wall 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0, H2 fueling / day (kg) Ex-Zones Up to 14 m (to air intakes) Up to 23 m (to air intakes, public assembly and building openings) cars / day (@5kg) 15

17 Hydrogen logistics Case study 2 (cont.): and therefore has competitive advantages in European and U.S. market Germany UK USA /kg /kg /kg km CGH2 (250bar) Natural gas 0.069/kWh Electricity price of 0.25/kWh No weekend transport increased required on-site storage capacity 1.30/l Diesel km CGH2 (500bar) LH2 LOHC (today) Natural gas 0.067/kWh Electricity price of 0.18/kWh No weekend transport increased required on-site storage capacity 1.50/l Diesel km LOHC (target) Natural gas 0.03/kWh Electricity price of 0.13/kWh Weekend transport 1.10/l Diesel 100 cars / day = 500 kg H 2 Avrg. # of trucks per day: CGH2 1 : 1.3 / 0.5 LH2: 0.2 LOHC: 0.3 Hydrogen production cost: 2.50 / kg 1. Not taking into account hydrogen remaining in tube trailer 16

18 Long term storage Energy storage LOHC hydrogen storage offers significant advantages compared to competing long term energy storage technologies Applicability of energy storage technologies Comparison of long term energy storage technologies Pumped hydro Batteries 1 Hydrogen 70bar) 2 Hydrogen (LOHC) Storage density (kwh/m³) Self-discharge (% per month) 0, <0,3% 1-20% 1-5% 0 Marginal cost of storage capacity low high (>200 /kwh) medium low (<2.5 /kwh) Hazard potential low medium high low Geographical roll-out potential Power to-power efficiency small large small large < 85% <80% <40% <45% Transportable No No No Yes 1. Average parameters for electro-chemical batteries 2. Hydrogen storage in underground caverns 17

19 Energy storage The stationary LOHC energy storage system offers the ideal solution for long-term storage of large amounts of energy Possible applications Grid support Grid stabilization and balancing of supply / demand peaks Energy production buffering Maximizing usable energy output of wind and PV parks Energy self-supply and autarky Independence from increasing electricity prices Off-Grid and back-up Installation at remote locations and as back-up supply Long term storage Seasonal storage of large amounts of energy 18

20 Hydrogenious Technologies LOHC Technology Applications Products and Projects 19

21 First end-to-end demonstration system will be installed in Q in Germany Hydrogenious HQ (Erlangen) Fraunhofer IAO (Stuttgart) 98kWp Hydrogenious HQ 50kW Siemens PEM Electrolyzer Excess heat 10kW Transport of loaded LOHC 100kW Dehydrogenation system PEM Fuel Cell 30kW Hydrogenation system electric car filling station 20

22 The StorageBOX Hydrogenation unit H 2 Inlet Process- Cooling LOHC periphery LOHC storage tanks 21

23 Hydrogenious product portfolio: The StorageBOX Series Hydrogenious Technologies StorageBOX series binds hydrogen to a carrier liquid enabling safe and continuous high density storage Intersections H 2 inlet pressure Electr. Connection 50 bar 400V Cooling 10 kwh / kg H 2 Series 10 Series 50 Series 100 H 2 storage 10 Nm³ / h H 2 storage 50 Nm³ / h H 2 storage 100 Nm³ / h LOHC production 16 l / h LOHC production 80 l / h LOHC production 160 l / h Housing 10 container Housing 20 container Housing 20 container 22

24 The ReleaseBOX Dehydrogenation unit H 2 outlet and purification H 2 Zufuhr LOHC storage tanks LOHC periphery Heat exchanger 23

25 Hydrogenious product portfolio: The ReleaseBOX Series Hydrogenious Technologies ReleaseBOX series delivers on-demand hydrogen from loaded LOHC enabling continuous and safe hydrogen supply Intersections H 2 purity 5.0 H 2 outlet pressure Electr. connection up to 5 bar 400V Heating <10kWh / kg H 2 (Natural gas or electricity) Series 5 Series 33 Series 100 H 2 outlet 5 Nm³ / h H 2 outlet 33 Nm³ / h H 2 outlet 100 Nm³ / h LOHC throughput 8 l / h LOHC throughput 53 l / h LOHC throughput 160 l / h Housing 10 container Housing 20 Container Housing 20 Container 24

26 Project example 1: Parking deck with electrical charging station Balancing of energy supply for charging station LOHC storage tank and 100 kw dehydrogenation unit 30 kw fuel cell with electricity input into DC grid Decentralized supply of loaded LOHC by Hydrogenious Technologies Expansion to hydrogen filling station planned 25

27 Project example 2: replacement of tube trailer fleet by LOHC based distribution and expansion of suppliable radius Regional U.S. hydrogen distributor Delivery of 6.300kg H2 per day from chlorinealkaline electrolysis to 35 customers (Industry and mobility) Limited economical distribution radius due to low efficiency of pressure tube trailer technology Expansion of suppliable radius from ca. 300km to up to 700km through utilization of LOHC technology Initial pilot plant with up to 9.1 kg/h H 2 uptake capacity; 3 kg/h release capacity ordered 26

28 400 km Project example 3: transportation and distribution of by-product hydrogen to industrial end customers Excess hydrogen currently blown into the air and therewith lost Storage and distribution of 1.600t of excess by-product hydrogen from a chlorinealkaline electrolysis Central 6 MW hydrogenation plant with decentral 150kW and 300kW dehydrogenation units Full scale project shows double digit 10-year IRR at standard hydrogen market prices 300kW pilot system planned as first step 27

29 Project example 4: Hydrogen filling station with LOHC storage to supply floor-borne vehicles Conversion of wind energy to hydrogen and storage in LOHC As-needed hydrogen release controlled by dehydrogenation unit Coupling of dehydrogenation unit with hydrogen compressor Hydrogen filling of floor-borne vehicles (esp. forklifts) at production site 28

30 Thank you for your interest! Managing Director Dr. Daniel Teichmann Tel: + 49 (0) Mail: Daniel.Teichmann@hydrogenious.net Head of Business Development & Sales Dr. Cornelius von der Heydt Tel: +49 (0) Mobil: +49 (0) Mail: Cornelius.Heydt@hydrogenious.net HYDROGENIOUS TECHNOLOGIES GmbH Weidenweg Erlangen Tel: +49 (0) Fax: +49 (0) info@hydrogenious.net Sitz Erlangen HRB Amtsgericht Fürth USt.-IdNr.: DE