Status quo and new developments in medium temperature collectors

Transcription

1 Status quo and new developments in medium temperature collectors Werner J. Platzer Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE RHC Conference Budapest, 5th May

2 Business Area: Solar Thermal Technology Solar Thermal Systems Energy-Efficient and Solar Cooling Solar Process Heating Solar Thermal Power Stations Hot and Cold Storage

3 Which collector design does economically provide an intended operating temperature for process heat?? Flat plate collectors for up to 80 C 80 C to 250 C Parabolic trough collectors for up to 400 C low temperature range medium temperature range high temperature range

4 New Collector Concepts for Power, Cooling and Heat Temp perature C C Small troughs and Fresnel Large troughs, and Fresnel Utility scale power generation Industrial Process Heat Solar Cooling Commercial Water Heating Distributed Power Generation C C Vacuum Tube CPC Collectors Solar Cooling (single stage) Low Temperature Process Heat C Flat Plate Collectors Domestic Water Heating Space Heating

5 Testing Center for Thermal Solar Systems (PZTS) Testing of solar thermal collectors and systems according to EN and EN Solar Keymark

6 Testing of process heat collectors with the MTTS (Medium Temperature collector Test Stand) Efficiency curves up to 200 C and 20 bar Portable use: in situ at solar simulator outdoor with / without tracker Solsim/PZTS MTTS

7 Accurate determination of the efficiency curve 100 C 200 C T = T m Tamb Solsim/ PZTS MTTS

8 Dynamical thermal performance assessment Stationary measurements are difficult zu realize for concentrating collectors Determination of efficiency previously only with simulated incidence angle modifier dynamical parameter identification method validation of method for Fresnel collector Almeria

9 Overview of medium temperature collectors Improved flat plate collectors - double glazing - AR coatings - CPC flat plate Vacuum tube collectors Stationary concentrating collectors - collectors with CPC reflectors with low concentration ratios Concentrating collectors with tracking - parabolic trough collectors - Fresnel collectors - fixed mirror concentrating collectors

10 Double glazed flat plate collectors operating temperatures up to 120 C desalination system for capacities up to 2000 litres per day, 90 m², Gran Canaria. Schüco CTE 524 DH 2 double AR-glazing Arcon HT-SA 28/10 AR-glass+ETFE-film Solid Gluatmugl HT AR-glass+ETFE-film

11 Flat plate collectors with internal reflectors Aosol (Pt) standard product - operating temperatures up to 120 C - Stationary concentration 1.15 X Aosol (Pt) development - operating temperatures up to 120 C - Stationary concentration 1.5 X - Dimensions 1427 x 4020 x 180 mm ETFE-film as convection barrier SolarFocus (A) - Dimensions 1155 x 2400 x 65 mm 3 collector efficiency [-] Aosol SolarFocus reduced temp. difference x=(top-ta)/gb [m2k/w]

12 Process heat: Collector development Visualisation of RefleC-Concepts Development of highly efficient flat plat collector wih reduced heat losses Working temperatures 80 C to 150 C -> medium temperature range Prototype of RefleC-Collector Nov on tracker facility of Fraunhofer ISE

13 Comparison of non-tracking collectors Comparison of nontracking collectors Double-glazed collectors with and without reflector -> Improvement RefleC collector efficiency [-] Paradigm a Star Azurro SolarFocus Arcon flat plate reduced temp. difference x=(top-ta)/gb [m2k/w] Annual gain [kwh / (m 2 year)] Flat-plate double covered RefleC 3 80 C 120 C

14 Parabolic Trough Collectors

15 PolyTrough 1200 and 1800 NEP Solar Aperture width 1.2 or 1.8 m operating temperature 250 C Standard 1200 collector is 24m long and 1.6m high Composite carrier reflectors Torque tube approach Lower cost in shipping and installation Ease of operations & maintenance Scalable Design Various receiver options NEP Solar

16 Compact transport volume and easy handling NEP Solar: Ultra-compact transport volume due to unique composite reflector design NEP Solar Problem with current technology : Preassembled 3D reflector structure takes up a multiple of storage and transport volume

17 Project NEP Solar: 230kW Solar Cooling, Australia Shopping Center Newcastle, Australia Project Data Aperture: 345m 2 Peak Thermal Power: 200kW Outlet Temperature: 180 C HTF: Water Application/End Use: Air conditioning Schedule Order Received: 31 August 2009 Ex Works: Staged till July 2010 Assembly Completed: 15 October 2010 Commissioning : April 2011 Technical PolyTrough 1200 NEP Solar

18 Solitem (D) Trough PTC1800 DLR

19 Solitem PTC collect tor efficiency [-] efficiency curve 850 W/m 2 m easurement reduced temp. difference x=(top-ta)/gb [m2k/w] Janotte et.al., OTTI 2009

20 Soltigua (I) - PTM parabolic trough collector Purely indicative information. Soltigua does not guarantee its accuracy TECHNICAL FEATURES Modular design: Surface = 13.5 sqm/module Length = 6.2 mt/module Cord = 2.4 mt Peak power = 570W/sqm (7.7 of 1000 W/sqm, Tamb= 30 C, Tout = 200 C Up to 4 modules driven by the same motor (n.1 PTM24): 25 mt long / 54 sqm / 31 kw peak TECHNOLOGICAL EXCELLENCE In 2010 PTM has been awarded the Towards the A-class building prize at the at MCE2010, Europe s largest trade fair for heating and air conditioning. The prize was given to the best innovations for building energy systems.

21 PTM performance Purely indicative information. Soltigua does not guarantee its accuracy Efficiency 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% y = -0,6698x + 0,7303 PTM - field tested data 0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45 T* = (T fluid -T ambient )/Aperture Normal Irradiation Real field data provides solid foundations for project assessments PTM is the first collector that will be tested during May 2011 under the new European standard for concentrating collectors up to 250 C

22 Soltigua Project with solar cooling Purely indicative information. Soltigua does not guarantee its accuracy Installation in Gambettola (I), a solar cooling systems with concentrating collectors and double effect absorptions chiller

23 Solarlite (D) Production of collectors 2300 and 4600 (Parabolic Trough) for process heat concentrated solarthermal power 2.3 m and 4.6 m aperture temperatures up to 400 C / 55 bar 12m segment variable size of plant Costs comparibel with larger CSP collectors instead of small plant size Solar Lite

24 Solarlite Project Kananchaburi/Thailand Powerplant Capacity (peak): 20 MW th 5 MW el Aperture area: 45,000 m² Aperture width: 4.60 m Thermal efficiency (peak): 66 % at 330 C Operating parameters: 330 C 30 bar Thermal energy storage: 62 MWh th Solar Lite

25 Sopogy (USA) SopoNova 4.0 Length 3.66 m Width 1.52 m Center to Center Spacing 2.59 m Actual Area 5.58 m 2 Reflector Aperture Area 5.07 m 2 Reference installation: Masdar cooling project

26 Trivelli (I) SolarWing Evo Length 8.20 m Width 1.25 m Weight 18 kg/ m 2 Max. operation temp. 320 C Thermal fluid water / thermooil Reference installation: District heating Brescia

27 ITcollect (D) roof integrated parabolic trough Operation temperature 160 C (water), 200 C (thermooil) Optical efficiency 58% to 62% Aluminum mirror Structure produced from recycled polymers by injection moulding Dr. Vetter

28 Thermax (IN) Trough PT500 Thermax

29 Parabolic trough Pilot at Shive Village Thermax

30 Fresnel Collectors

31 Industrial Solar GmbH (Freiburg, D) Mirroxx Fresnel collector perfectly suited for roof top installation Industrial Solar o Length: modular in steps of 4m o Height: 4m o Total width: 7.5m o Weight: 27 kg/m² o Aperture width: 5.5m o Peak power: 560 W/m² o Max. temp. : 400 C

32 Monitoring of collector field Date: 2008/07/ Temperature [ C] Power [kw] <T>in-collector [ C] <T>ambient [ C] DNI (right axis) [W/m²] <T>out-collector [ C] Collector Power [kw] :00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 Time (GMT +1h) Industrial Solar Precise temperature control is possible

33 References Freiburg I 2005 Bergamo / Italy 2006 Sevilla / Spain 2007 Grombalia / Tunisia 2008 Freiburg II 2009 Masdar / Abu Dhabi 2009 Doha / Qatar 2010 Industrial Solar

34 Solar Cooling in Doha/Qatar Industrial Solar

35 New developments Fresnel CNIM DSG Pilot Plant in La Seyne Sur Mer, France Fera DSG Pilot Plant in Sicily, Italy Further development: Euromed (F), Thermax (IND), Lotus (EGY), KG Group (IND), others

36 Chromasun (USA) The MCT collector has been designed specifically for rooftop integration. The MCT is low profile, lightweight and has no external moving parts. Simple to mount Easy to maintain 20x/25x Fresnel reflector optic, Output temperatures up to 200 C / 220 C. Chromasun

37 Chromasun - Performance Chromasun

38 Tecnologia Solar Concentrador CCStar Collector (E) Reflector: Aluminium Receiver: 32 evacuated tubes Working fluid: Water Width: 5.2 m Length: 8.4 m Gross Area: 43.7 m 2 Net area: 37.1 m 2 Weight: 29 kg/m 2 Optical efficiency: 71.8% Max. temperature: 200ºC

39 Comparison of collector efficiency (related to aperture) 100% 90% 80% FK Fresnel CSP Fresnel process heat PT Aperture 1.20m FPC with CPC internally VTC with CPC reflector FPC with double glazing 70% Ef fficiency [%] 60% 50% 40% 30% Global radiation: 800 W/m 2 Direct radiation: 600 W/m 2 20% Diffuse radiation: 200 W/m 2 Ambient temperature: 25 C 10% 0% Temperature diff. T op -T a [K]

40 Comparison of collector efficiency (related to aperture) 100% 90% 80% FK Fresnel CSP Fresnel process heat PT Aperture 1.20m FPC with CPC internally VTC with CPC reflector FPC with double glazing 70% Ef fficiency [%] 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Global radiation: 400 W/m 2 Direct radiation: 200 W/m 2 Diffuse radiation: 200 W/m 2 Ambient temperature: 25 C Temperature diff. T op -T a [K]

41 New requirements on components Appropriate heat transfer fluids (sufficiently temperature-stable, anti-freeze properties, efficient thermodynamic and hydraulic performance) Reflectors (high performance, cost effective and long service times) Tracking systems (reliably operating for the whole service time) Receivers (with and without selective coating, applicable in vacuum or in atmospheric conditions) Solar loop components (appropriate and temperature-resistant pumps, piping and connection systems, heat exchangers and valves and other system components)

42 Future steps Need for standardization of collector and system testing for higher temperatures / concentration / other heat transport fluids (e.g. steam) Need for performance assessment methodology for fair comparison of process heat system concepts Simplified tool for prefeasibility studies Branch / system integration concepts Proven reliability / lifetime of components / systems Demonstration of Best practice examples -> New IEA Task in the definition phase addresses these issues

43 Thank you for listening! Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Dr. Werner Platzer