IER. Renewable Energy for the electrified cities of the future. Dr. Ludger Eltrop. Partnering conference for the EleCity project

Transcription

1 Renewable Energy for the electrified cities of the future Partnering conference for the EleCity project Dr. Ludger Eltrop Head of Dept. System Analysis and Renewable Energy (SEE) Visiting Professor at the University of Johannesburg (SA) 1 IER

2 Content 1. Renewables as a decentral energy supply in Germany and East Asia 2. renewable options for cities pledge for PV 3. integration of renewables - sector coupling and electricity storage 4. case studies and conclusions for future developments and activities 2

3 Key challenge to master the decentral generation capacities Wind energy in Germany in 2016 [MW] wind energy converters in total Installed numbers in 2016: MW capacity installed in total 947 WE generators off-shore in total On-shore Off-shore source: creative commons Alexrk2 3 Source: Deutsche Windguard,2017

4 Key challenge to master the decentral generation capacities Solar energy utilisation in Germany NW-Baden-Württemberg Example: City of Stuttgart 610,000 inhabitants No of installations: 1,129 Installed capacity MW produced electricity 12,953 time of inventory: 2013 source: creative commons Alexrk2 4 Source: Energieatlas BW 2017

5 Last [GW] Key challenge volatility of the new electricity system (in 2050) The electricity system of 2050* at high shares of renewables 100 feed in management load management Flexible use of biomass Storage Import/Export Flexible use of conv. PP Curtailment Photovoltaik Windkraft Import Speicher Biomasse Konventionelle Kraftwerke Wasser Export Last Residuallast Lastast nach DSM * example week Source: IER University of Stuttgart

6 Renewable energy share in the world - rising remarkably % of total final energy consumption Mio. TOE Source: REN 21 6 Quelle: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017

7 Share of renewable energy of TPES in Germany and four EA countries (2015) 308 Mtoe 73,8 Mtoe Germany Vietnam 52,15 Mtoe 135 Mtoe Philippines Thailand 7 Source: IEA

8 Renewable electricity generation in Germany and four EA countries (2015) 8 Source: IEA

9 Gross Heat generation from renewables in Germany and four EA countries (2015) 9 Source: IEA

10 Electricity generation from renewables in Germany 10 Source: BMWi/AGEE 2017

11 Renewable Energy Solutions for Cities SNG-fuels from food residues municipal waste2energy CHP combined heat and power heat pumps geothermal heating waste water energy recovery small scale wind photovoltaics solar cooling solar water heaters small scale hydro 11

12 A wide range of biomass materials is available for bioenergy feedstocks The main share must come from industrial/commercial activity and waste management. 12 Source: ETP IEA 2017

13 Small scale electricity generation technologies suitable for cities are developing Notes: SOFC = solid oxide fuel cell; SOFC-GT = solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine. 13 Source: ETP IEA 2017

14 14 Renewable electricity supply with solar PV systems is optimal for cities PV supply for appliances PV-Module PV power plant PV facade plant PV roof unit PV island system photovoltaik.org

15 The dramatic price drop for PV allows new plants almost everywhere! Price trend July and September 2017 Germany SE Asia, Taiwan 15 Quelle:

16 Auction price development for utility scale solar PV installations 16 Source: IRENA 2017

17 Space is available! on residential areas, offices and industrial buildings 17 Source: Belectric

18 Integrated PV units e. g. for monument conservation preserve the city character Example of an old farm house in Ecuvillens (Kanton Freiburg, Suisse) fully roof integated coloured PV panels resembling existing roof colour approx. 20% reduced yield 230 m² roof area, approx. 35 kw capacity and kwh yield per year 18 Source: CSEM - ISSOL

19 PV solar electricity generation becomes easier and convenient consumer fuses personal protection unit/plug 19 grid operator

20 New (flexible) PV technologies are evolving organic PV cells / transparent translucent PV Advantages Low production costs Low energy demand for production Easy processes, (e.g. roll-to-rollprocedure, vacuum free) less material demand down to 1 g/m² cell area; less hazardous materials Flexibility, transparency, Simple handling Disadvantages Lower efficiency grade (ca. 12,0% in laboratory ) Higher area demand Higher installation costs Long term stability in sun light lower Fraunhofer ISE, in Perowskit solar cells with CH 3 NH 3 Pbl 3 -cristals crystalline semiconductors that exist in nature properties can be changed easily can be put on various carriers multiple applications possible combination with other PV technologies possible 20

21 A large variety of storage options for electricity is available 21 Source: State of Massachusetts from IRENA 2017

22 Smart, intelligent storage systems are evolving e.g. the electricity bank account C total kwh produced account B Quelle: ads tec total kwh produced account A total kwh produced System: Lithium-Ion-Batteries (ads-tec) capacity: 100 kw, 116 kwh extendable to 580 kwh; operation: since Dec operator: Netrion GmbH application: lokal flexible storage unit for 18 households and commerce/industry 22 Quelle: MVV und ads tec

23 25 Many energy autonomous cells form a sustainable energy (grid) system

24 The new integration paradigm: sector coupling and P2X feed-in point for renewable electricity electrolysis plant H 2 -transfer H 2 -storage Household heating unit Nat. gas distribution network Natural gas power plant Methanation 2H 2 +CO 2 CH 4 renewable electricity generation 26 source: EnBW

25 PV solar electricity generation, storage and electricity use are to be integrated Solar PV tiles/roof Powerwall storage Electric cars + vehicles 28 Source: Tesla

26 29 Conclusions and outlook 1. a number of new and renewable energy technologies are evolving, that show particular properties (scale, flexibility, etc.) and make them especially suitable to be implemented in cities 2. all renewable supply technologies must be well integrated in a system of equilibrated demand and supply 3. System outline can be designed for high shares of renewable energy and a high degree of autarky resp. autonomy Development of smart and renewable city quarters with a high share of renewable energy and high autonomy and reliability is possible! Let s do it together!

27 30 Institute for Energy Economics and The Rational Use of Energy IER Thank you very much for your attention! Dr. Ludger Eltrop Hessbruehlstraße 49a, Stuttgart Tel