Renewable Energy Grid integration challenges. Daniel Hustadt, Vattenfall Europe Innovation GmbH, Hamburg

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1 Renewable Energy Grid integration challenges Daniel Hustadt, Vattenfall Europe Innovation GmbH, Hamburg

2 Development of Generation Capacity in Europe volatile sources wind and solar 2 According to the Directive of the European Union on Renewable Energy: Up to 30% of electricity generation must be renewable to reach the 20% target Source: VDMA of renewables in overall energy consumption

National Renewable Energy Action Plans Installed Electric Capacity From Different RES 120.000 100.000 MW 80.000 60.000 40.000 20.

3 National Renewable Energy Action Plans Installed Electric Capacity From Different RES MW D F I UK ES PL AUT DK NL SE Water Geothermal PV CSP Tide, Wave Wind onshore Wind offshore Bio 3

4 Leistung [MW] Volatile wind integration is a new challenge for the system stability Load, Wind Energy Forecast and Wind Energy Feed-in in East Germany ( ) Verläufe im Übertragungsnetz der 50Hertz ( ) Prognose Wind Einspeisung Wind eingetretene Regelzonenlast Load 2 1 Deviation from forecast Calm Gradient Production > Load Wind Energy Feed-in Data source: 50Hertz Transmission Not utilized energy from wind in 2010: approx 150 Mio. kwh (ca Haushalte) 4

capacity 1) in Germany according to BMU 2009 Scenario 2) Countermeasures for energy system change Expanding renewable generation PV

5 Installed capacity (GW) Increased transmission capacities Flexible generation assets Demand-side-/Load-Management Energy storage Market projections show strong renewable growth - requiring various countermeasures in the energy system Projection of installed capacity 1) in Germany according to BMU 2009 Scenario 2) Countermeasures for energy system change Expanding renewable generation PV Wind Nuclear/thermal generation Geothermal Biomass Run-of-river hydro 1) Without pumped-storage 2) BMU: German Ministry for Environmant 5 5

6 Congestion at transport capacities in north south direction Increased Transmission capacities +24 GW +20 GW Especially existing north-south lines are congested during strong wind phases 3,6 GW 3,6 GW 4,8 GW 44 GW new generat. capacities until 2020 vs. 12 GW new transport line capacity! Nachfragezentren Erzeugung Erneuerbare A tailored and fast increase in grid capacity is necessary Source: 50Hertz Transmission & TenneT GmbH Prognosis for 2020 *Grid capacities comparebundestag Drucksache 16/10491, Begründung zum EnLAG Quelle: 50hertz 6

7 Energy storage options to integrate renewables Pumped Hydro Heat Hydrogen Batteries Compressed Air 7

Wind-Hydrogen renewable electricity electrolysis storage (optional) utilization Zentrale Großspeicher: Wasserstoff Feed into natural gas grid 2.

8 Wind-Hydrogen renewable electricity electrolysis storage (optional) utilization Zentrale Großspeicher: Wasserstoff Feed into natural gas grid 2.) station Brennstoffzelle Fuel for transportation 8 Advantages: Kompressor Wasserstoff mit Kavernenspeichern 1.) salt dome cavern storage GuD-Kraftwerk derzeit noch Zumischung von Erdgas erforderlich Vorteile: hohe spezifische Speicherkapazität kostengünstiges Speichervolumen Option to store large amounts of energy high storage capacity Different value chains for hydrogen Almost no site restrictions Challenges: Nachteil: Wirkungsgrad der gesamten Kette: derzeit ca. 30 % zukünftig ca. 40 % erreichbar Core component electrolysis needs to be further developed For power generation the overall efficiency is weak Business cases need to be developed cavern Industrial feedstock Power Generation Source: LBST

Grid connection offshore Until 2030 about 20000 MW of capacity from wind parks will have to be

9 Grid connection offshore Until 2030 about MW of capacity from wind parks will have to be connected to the grid Grid connection most likely to happen only on a few spots Diele Brunsbüttel 9

10 Hydrogen Storage Hybrid Power Plant Enertrag, Vattenfall, Total are developing a wind-hydrogen hybrid power plant Wind farm with direct coupling to electrolyzer Hydrogen storage Utilization of hydrogen in small scale CHP and for external use 10

Refueling infrastructure: Vattenfall builds largest European hydrogen station in Hamburg HafenCity 11 Lighthouse project of the Clean Energy Partnership consortium - broad

vehicles Grand opening February 17 th 2012 On site production of hydrogen with electrolysis (50%) Alkaline - From 2011 250 kg hydrogen per day - From 2013 500+ kg hydrogen per day

11 Refueling infrastructure: Vattenfall builds largest European hydrogen station in Hamburg HafenCity 11 Lighthouse project of the Clean Energy Partnership consortium - broad initiative of the industry to develop the market entry of hydrogen / fuel cell, supported by the German government Production and delivery of hydrogen to busses and passenger vehicles Grand opening February 17 th 2012 On site production of hydrogen with electrolysis (50%) Alkaline - From kg hydrogen per day - From kg hydrogen per day From 2011 Hamburger Hochbahn will extend the Daimler fuel cell bus fleet (7 busses until 2013 with ramp up after 2013) Daimler will deliver up to 500 fuel cell vehicles until 2015, currently 10+

12 Conclusions Strongly increasing share of renewables in most European countries wind and solar power will play a major role volatile power feed in The present electricity supply system was not built to cope with large amounts of volatile renewables Different countermeasures are possible, but there is no silver bullet Storage is one option to integrate more renewables in our system Cost of and business case of storage depends on - Spread in power prices / arbitrage / balancing power - use case (short term / long term) - Local conditions can more cost effective alternatives be applied? - Regulations - today often are not very favorable for storage New storage systems, e.g. hydrogen will be required but need to be further developed regarding cost, technology, reliability 12

13 13 Thank you for your attention

14 Back up 14

Development of Electricity Generation in Europe volatile sources wind and solar Source: VDMA According to the Directive of the European Union

15 Development of Electricity Generation in Europe volatile sources wind and solar Source: VDMA According to the Directive of the European Union on Renewable Energy: Up to 30% of electricity generation must be renewable to reach the 20% target of renewables in overall energy consumption 15

16 Parameters of Storage Systems Efficiency of Energy Storage (%) Technology Store Discharge Total Scale Maturity Pumped Hydro large CAES ( Compressed air, adiabatic) mediumlarge Hydrogen (water electrolysis, fuel cell, GT) mediumlarge Batteries small Lithium Ion small Lead acid small Redox flow smallmedium 16 Source: BMU, Vattenfall

17 Leistung [MW] Storage Cost large scale, long time Verläufe im Übertragungsnetz der 50Hertz ( ) Prognose Wind Einspeisung Wind eingetretene Regelzonenlast Speicherkosten bei Wochenspeicherung MW for 200 hours (8000 GWh), 500 MW für 200 Stunden (100 GWh), 2 Zyklen pro Monat 2 cycle per month Examples: calm, production>load hydrogen > 10 years Jahre heute today CAES (adiabatic) pumped hydro depending on site abhängig vom Standort > 10 Jahre heute > 10 years today storage cost ( ct/kwh) only storage cost, energy purchasing cost are not included Reine Speicherkosten; die Kosten für den Einkauf der abzugebenden Energie sind jeweils noch zu 17 Source: ETG/VDE/LBST

18 Leistung [MW] Storage Cost large scale, short time Verläufe im Übertragungsnetz der 50Hertz ( ) Prognose Wind Einspeisung Wind eingetretene Regelzonenlast Speicherkosten bei zentraler Stundenspeicherung GW für 8 Stunden (8 GWh), 1 Zyklus pro Tag, Zugriffszeit < 15 1 GW for 8 hours (8GWh), 1 cycle per day Examples: deviation wind prognosis-reality, gradients hydrogen CAES (adiabatic) pumped hydro > 10 years > 10 Jahre > 10 years > 10 Jahre heute today today heute depending on site abhängig vom Standort storage cost ( ct/kwh) only storage cost, energy purchasing cost are not included Reine Speicherkosten; die Kosten für den Einkauf der abzugebenden Energie sind jeweils noch zu a 18 Source: ETG/VDE/LBST

Refueling infrastructure: H2 Mobility, the Joint Initiative to build up hydrogen fuelling infrastructure Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed on 10.Sep.

19 Refueling infrastructure: H2 Mobility, the Joint Initiative to build up hydrogen fuelling infrastructure Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed on 10.Sep.2009 between Daimler and the infrastructure partners Shell, TOTAL, EnBW, Linde, ÖMV, Air Liquide and Vattenfall Goals: - Development of a sound business plan for hydrogen infrastructure - Ramp up of a hydrogen infrastructure in Germany (up to 1000 filling stations) as initial market in Europe Next steps: - detailed business case - evaluation of funding opportunities - build up of Joint Venture 19

20 Grand opening February 17th

21 Later This day Thank you for the attention! 21

Hydrogen Link between renewable energy and transportation

Hydrogen Link between renewable energy and transportation International Fuel Cell Bus Workshop Hamburg, October 17 th 2013 Dr. Oliver Weinmann Vattenfall Europe Innovation GmbH Electrity generation renewables,