Professional Recyclers of Pennsylvania 2017 Annual Recycling & Organics Conference July 28, Rich Hipp, President & CEO Kuusakoski US

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1 Professional Recyclers of Pennsylvania 2017 Annual Recycling & Organics Conference July 28, 2017 Rich Hipp, President & CEO Kuusakoski US

2 About Kuusakoski Recycling Family-owned, Finnish company in recycling operations for 100+ years A Worldwide Leader in Metals and E-waste recycling USA operations in Plainfield, IL. Peoria, IL. Langhorne, PA. and Philadelphia PA. Operations currently span 10 Countries and 3 Continents Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania, Russia, England, USA, China & Taiwan Create, develop and manufacture recycling technologies All USA Operations are e-stewards and ISO certified

3 Current Challenges in Electronic Waste CRT manufacturing not viable Videocon shutdown led CA to allow RCRA landfill as one option EPA approved ceramic glazing as legitimate use for CRT glass. CA EPA did not approve Smelter Companies remain uninterested in taking large quantities of CRT funnel glass (Lead) and will not accept panel glass Proposed Furnance technology currently not successful (i.e. Closed Loop & NuLife)

4 CRT Glass Tube Components

5 CRT Challenges CRT glass is silica engineered to serve the purpose of being a picture tube. This engineered blend is incompatible for any other current glass product. The engineered blend of CRT silica is laden with toxics Silica is abundant globally (Sandy beaches, Sahara Desert, etc.) Toxic-free bottle glass is facing significant recycling challenges Recycling CRT glass creates new toxic exposure pathways

6 Recycling Research and Development Kuusakoski partners with several international Universities to develop new technologies and improve existing processes. Examples: * Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands) * Lulea University of Technology (Sweden) * Leiden University (Germany) * Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (Romania) * AGH University of Science and Technology (Poland) * IPFN Center for Nuclear Fusion and Plasma Physics (Portugal) In the United States, The Mineable Cell solution was developed together with the. PDC (est. 1928) is a veteran environmental service provider with a proven track record. In addition to waste collection, recycling and disposal services, they provide technical consulting, laboratory analysis, hazardous waste treatment, and other environmental services.

7 CRT Glass White Paper Kuusakoski Recycling and PDC retained Shaw Environmental, Inc. (Shaw), a CB&I Company, to evaluate the CRT glass market in the U.S. An Analysis of the Demand for CRT Glass Processing in the U.S. was released to the public in September A 2 nd white paper was completed and released in Octobler A 3 rd and final white paper was published on 12 September, Available to download at:

8 3 rd CRT Glass White Paper Summary Principal focus is evaluation of CRT glass capacity: A number of planned facilities have not come on-line or have failed Some have left piles of CRT glass to be cleaned up by property owners Capacity continues to fall short: Up to 153,000 tons/year of capacity estimated to be available Demand estimated to average 206,000 tons/year Vast majority of capacity (87%) is overseas Some options (e.g., ceramic tile) raise end-oflife, downstream tracking, and consumer safety concerns Multiple options - and more domestic options - continue to be needed CRT Glass Processing Capacity (excluding Kuusakoski/PDC option) Overseas 87% U.S. 8% Canada 5%

9 CRT Glass Processing Technologies Glass-to-glass: TDM/Videocon (India) Lead smelter: Doe Run (U.S.) Glencore, Teck Cominco (Canada) Glass furnace: Nulife (U.S.) Ceramic tile: Camacho (Spain) COM2 (Germany, Brazil) Concrete blocks Jansen BV (Netherlands) Annual CRT Glass Capacity (tons) 35,000-40,000 69,000 25,000 11,900-15,200 3,650 Glass-to-glass Lead smelter Glass furnace Ceramic tile Concrete blocks

10 USA CRT Glass Processing Capacity Multiple, domestic options continue to be needed Kuusakoski/PDC option significantly increases domestic capacity Annual CRT Glass Capacity (tons) 250, , , ,000 50,000 0 Average Annual CRT Glass Requiring Management = 206,000 tons North America Foreign Without Kuusakoski/PDC Option North America Foreign With Kuusakoski/PDC Option

11 CRT Glass Recycling and Mineable Cell Process Flow Disassembly Steel 3% Plastic 13% Yokes 3% Wiring 2% Circuit Boards 7% Other 2% CRT Tube 70% Large CRT TV with Plastic Housing used as Example Percent Recycling by Weight in Lbs. Total Recycled Material: 83% Treated Material stored for future recovery: 17% Clean Glass approved by IL EPA for use in recirculation wells Leaded Glass treated prior to Mineable Cell Leaded glass also can ship to Smelter without treatment Glass and Metal Separation 58% 12% Glass Panel and Funnel Separation 41% 17% 41% Panel Construction material for landfill leachate recirculation wells 17% Funnel: Treated & placed in Mineable Cell for Future Recovery 12% Steel Fraction sent to Steel Mill

12 Kuusakoski & PDC Glass Treatment Process Feedstock Kuusakoski Glass Recycling Facility Glass Shipment PDC Waste Stabilization Facility Indian Creek Dedicated Storage Cell at Indian Creek - All forms of glass accepted (whole CRT devices & tubes) - 50, ,000 tons per year of capacity - Glass is processed, metal removed, separated and Panel and Funnel Glass is Seperated - Regulated by IEPA, periodic inspections by IEPA -3 rd Party Audited by SAI Global. Certified to E-Stewards & ISO Leaded Glass shipped and manifested as hazardous waste, Clean glass shipped separately with on going testing - USEPA manifest form, readily audited - Glass treated with proprietary chemical reagent - Treatment process used for decades for similar materials - Glass rendered non-hazardous with lead virtually non-leachable - Treated glass must be <0.75 ppm lead, typically tests much lower at <0.02 ppm -2 nd manifest for treated glass, provides more material tracking - Fully permitted Kuusakoski Glass treatment process operating since Nov 13 - Material originally created Beneficial reuse (Alternative Daily Cover) recognized by many states as diversion - Since July 2015 providing new Service offering supported by IL State Law - Safe storage for future retrieval to recover glass and lead - Approved under E-Stewards Standards - Glass Separation approvals and Permit Modifications awarded July 2017 to use clean glass as construction aggregate. SMELTER - Leaded portion of separated glass can ship to smelter on a limited capacity basis as of July 2017

13 Kuusakoski & (PDC) Partnership Our facilities are always open for tours and audits Q&A Session