Smart Grids: Concept, Progress, Metrics, and the International Smart Grid Action Network

Transcription

1 Smart Grids: Cncept, Prgress, Metrics, and the Internatinal Smart Grid Actin Netwrk Mnitring Prgress Twards a Clean Energy Ecnmy IEA EGRD Wrkshp 17 Nvember 2011 Paris, France Russ Cnklin, Plicy Analyst, U.S. Department f Energy Vice Chair, ISGAN Executive Cmmittee 17-Nv

2 Disclaimer The pinins expressed herein are mine nly and d nt necessarily reflect the plicies r pririties f the U.S. Department f Energy, the U.S Gvernment, r the Participants in the Implementing Agreement fr a C-perative Prgramme n Smart Grids (ISGAN). 17-Nv

3 Outline 1 What is smart grid? 2 Intrductin t ISGAN 3 Current Status (Objective 1) 4 Assessment and Metrics (Objective 2) 17-Nv

4 Definitins Differ (Smewhat) E.U. A Smart Grid is an electricity netwrk that can intelligently integrate the behavir and actins f all users cnnected t it generatrs, cnsumers and thse that d bth in rder t efficiently ensure sustainable, ecnmic and secure electricity supply [ Smart Grid Eurpean Technlgy Platfrm] U.S. A smart grid uses digital technlgy t imprve reliability, security, and efficiency (bth ecnmic and energy) f the electric system frm large generatin, thrugh the delivery systems t electricity cnsumers and a grwing number f distributed-generatin and strage resurces [DOE 2009] IEA A smart grid is an electricity netwrk that uses digital and ther advanced technlgies t mnitr and manage the transprt f electricity frm all generatin surces t meet the varying electricity demands f end-users. [IEA 2011] 17-Nv

5 IEA s Take n Smart Grids Surce: IEA Technlgy Radmap Smart Grids 17-Nv

6 Plethra f Similar Diagrams Available Surce: U.S. Department f Energy Surce: 17-Nv

7 A Wide Range f Technlgies and Services Spanning The Entire Electricity System 17-Nv-2011 Surce: IEA Technlgy Radmap Smart Grids 7

8 Perhaps a Smart Grid Can Be Defined by Its Characteristics r Services Enables infrmed participatin by custmers Accmmdates all generatin & strage ptins Enables new prducts, services, & markets Prvides pwer quality fr the range f needs Optimizes asset utilizatin & perating efficiency Operates resiliently t disturbances, attacks, & natural disasters Surce: U.S. Department f Energy Mdified versins used in IEA Technlgy Radmap Smart Grids and elsewhere 17-Nv

9 Outline 1 What is smart grid? 2 Intrductin t ISGAN 3 Current Status (Objective 1) 4 Assessment and Metrics (Objective 2) 17-Nv

10 What and Why is ISGAN? A mechanism fr bringing high-level gvernment attentin and actin t accelerate the develpment and deplyment f smarter electricity grids arund the wrld. ISGAN Fulfills a key recmmendatin in the Smart Grids Technlgy Actin Plan (released by Majr Ecnmies Frum Glbal Partnership, 2009) Was launched as ne f 11 initiatives under the Clean Energy Ministerial (in 2010) Is rganized as an IEA Implementing Agreement (in 2011, under the EUWP and CERT) Spnsrs activities that build a glbal understanding f smart grids, address gaps in knwledge and tls, and accelerate smart grid deplyment Builds n the mmentum f and knwledge created by the substantial smart grid investments being made glbally Will leverage cperatin with the Glbal Smart Grid Federatin and thers 10

11 Current ISGAN Participants Australia India The Netherlands Austria Ireland Russia* Belgium Italy Sweden Canada Japan* Switzerland China* Krea United Kingdm Finland Mexic United States France Germany Nrway Eurpean Cmmissin* Plus five ther cuntries invited t jin: Brazil, Denmark, Suth Africa, Spain, and Turkey *Participate thrugh the CEM, but have nt yet signed the Implementing Agreement 17-Nv

12 One f 11 Clean Energy Ministerial Initiatives Internatinal Smart Grid Actin Netwrk Super-Efficient Equipment and Appliance Deplyment Initiative Electric Vehicles Initiative Bienergy Wrking Grup Carbn Capture Use and Strage Actin Grup Clean Energy Educatin and Empwerment Wmen s Initiative Clean Energy Slutins Centers Glbal Superir Energy Perfrmance Partnership Multilateral Slar and Wind Wrking Grup Slar and LED Energy Access Prgram Sustainable Develpment f Hydrpwer Initiative 17-Nv

13 Majr ISGAN Prjects and Emphases Fundatinal Annexes Emphases Annex 1: Glbal Smart Grid Inventry Annex 2: Smart Grid Case Studies Annex 3: Benefit-Cst Analyses and Tlkits Annex 4: Synthesis f Insights fr Decisin Makers 17-Nv

14 Annex 1: Glbal Smart Grid Inventry Objectives and Apprach Develp a unified ISGAN framewrk fr assessing smart grid features and technlgies Priritize this framewrk fr each participating cuntry (i.e., what are the mtivating drivers and specific technlgy interests) Map this framewrk against existing inventries, surveys, and assessments Identify gaps, pprtunities, synergies, and incnsistencies and make recmmendatins, if apprpriate Expand framewrk t take in accunt key metrics and indicatrs Develp apprpriate tls fr disseminating results (cmplement, nt duplicate existing platfrms) 17-Nv

15 Annex 2: Smart Grid Case Studies Objectives and Apprach Assess best practice examples f case studies Develp and apply a cmmn case study template & methdlgical framewrk Cmparisn between Different Cuntries Regulatry Relatin & Effects Plicies Technlgies Legislative Netwrk Envirnments (Cntexts) Natural 17-Nv

16 Annex 3: Benefit-Cst Analyses and Tlkits Objectives and Apprach Assessment, mdificatin, and applicatin f methds t measure the present level f maturity f netwrks (i.e., the smartness ) Assessment, mdificatin, and applicatin f existing benefit-cst methdlgies and tls, as well as develpment f new nes Frm these analyses, develp apprpriate tlkits (including KPI definitin) Range f levels targeted: Frm high-level, brad-based methdlgies t mre detailed system-level appraches t prject- r technlgy-level appraches Builds n metrics and data identified by Annexes 1 & 2, and ther surces 17-Nv

17 Annex 4: Synthesis f Insights fr Decisin Makers Objectives and Apprach In shrt: Knwledge management and inf sharing by design Develp a platfrm that cmpiles smart grid cncepts frm highquality surces and makes them accessible t plicymakers (e.g., nline glssary) Prduce brief, timely analytical reprts that clarify imprtant issues r raise key questins in smart grid plicy and deplyment Establish platfrms (r augment existing nes) fr knwledge management and cllabratin amng ISGAN participants Develp ther tls fr cllabratin and infrmatin sharing 17-Nv

18 Other Activities and Cllabratin Integratin f ENARD* Wrk Prgramme int ISGAN (*Implementing Agreement fr Electricity Netwrks Analysis, Research & Develpment) Cperatin with Other Implementing Agreements, such as DSM and 4E (directly thrugh Electricity Crdinatin Grup, End Use Wrking Party, etc.) Smart Grid Internatinal Research Facility Netwrk (SIRFN) prpsed Annex (t be crdinated with APEC Smart Grid Test Beds Netwrk) Gvernance During the Smart Grid Transitin prpsed Annex (scial sciences fcus) Cntinuing Dialgue with Other Int l Effrts, Private Sectr, etc. (e.g., US-EU Energy Cuncil, APEC Smart Grid Initiative, Glbal Smart Grid Federatin, Smart Grid Interperability Panel) Smart Grid Interperability Framewrks prpsed Annex (integratin and synthesis exercise) 17-Nv

19 Outline 1 What is smart grid? 2 Intrductin t ISGAN 3 Current Outlk (Objective 1) 4 Assessment and Metrics (Objective 2) 17-Nv

20 IEA Analysis BLUE Map assumes smart grids as key enabler, but nt cnsidered explicitly in ETP 2010 analysis Surce fr tday s discussin is separate 2011 study 1 by IEA Study used BLUE Map scenari t explre pssible declines in peak lad due t smart grid-related technlgies and plicies. Three cases: SG 0 assumes n smart grid supprt r deplyment (reference case). SG MIN assumes deplyment but minimal plicy supprt SG MAX assumes deplyment and maximum plicy supprt. 17-Nv Impact f Smart Grid Technlgies n Peak Lad t 2050 (IEA Wrking Paper)

21 Results: OECD Eurpe and OECD Nrth America Estimated peak lad evlutin, OECD Nrth America OECD Eurpe Surce: Impact f Smart Grid Technlgies n Peak Lad t 2050 (IEA Wrking Paper) 17-Nv

22 Results: OECD Pacific and China Estimated peak lad evlutin, OECD Pacific China Surce: Impact f Smart Grid Technlgies n Peak Lad t 2050 (IEA Wrking Paper) 17-Nv

23 Majr Assumptins f Analysis (1 f 2) Or It Ain t Necessarily S Smart meters used as prxy fr advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) Dynamic pricing schemes adpted with smart meters All regins reduce T&D lsses t tday s best practice value if smart grid technlgies successfully implemented alng value chain AMI deplyment penetratin rate used as metric fr verall smart grid penetratin 17-Nv

24 Majr Assumptins f Analysis (2 f 2) EVs: 90% slw charging (3.7 kw), 10% fast charging (40 kw) Share EVs Cnnected t Grid During Peak Grid-t-Vehicle Vehicle-t-Grid SG 0 50% 0% SG MIN 30% 5% (assumes active management f EV lads ) SG MAX 20% 15% Grid integratin f renewables mitted frm analysis (prjected fr future integratin with GIVAR prject) 17-Nv

25 Why Discuss ISGAN? Althugh Grid Mdernizatin has been nging fr a while Smart Grid as an integrated cncept is relatively new Framewrks, methdlgies and metrics are immature fr assessment and evaluatin f the Present smartness f electricity netwrks Priritized technlgy/plicy needs f specific pwer grids Significant variatin amng cuntries/regins in drivers, metrics, and apprach IEA analysis is gd start! But it s just a start. ISGAN and IEA are trying t answer these challenges Central questin: T what extent can r shuld we harmnize internatinally? 17-Nv

26 Gd News: Technlgy is Ready, in General Smart meters are being widely deplyed E.U.: 80% by 2020 (mandated) Japan & Krea: 100% by 2020 U.S.: 11% frm near-term Recvery Act investments alne Als being demnstrated and deplyed: Distributin autmatin equipment Phasr measurement units, EV charging infrastructure Cnservatin vltage reductin Etc. R&D nging in data management, peratinal analytics and underlying mathematics; pwer electrnics; sensrs; transfrmers; imprved cnductrs; and mre 17-Nv

27 Gd News: Gd Develpment Trends 17-Nv-2011 Surce: IEA Technlgy Radmap Smart Grids 27

28 Gd News: Internatinal Cllabratin is Imprving Beynd ISGAN, there is Glbal Smart Grid Federatin private sectr APEC Smart Grid Initiative US-EU Energy Cuncil smart grid wrk Smart Grid Interperability Panel Eurpean Electric Grid Initiative Eurpean Energy Research Alliance Jint Prgramme EC Jint Research Centre mapping effrts (with Eurelectric) EPRI Smart Grid Demnstratin Initiative and many mre 17-Nv

29 Example: Smart Grid Interperability Panel SGIP is cmprised f ver 700 member rganizatins, representing 22 stakehlder categries, with mre than 1,800 individuals are participating in SGIP activities Analysis is prvided thrugh the Wrking Grup structure cmprised primarily f the Dmain Expert Wrking Grups Crdinatin is prvided thrugh the riginatin and versight f Pririty Actin Plans currently 18 Examples: Standard DR and DER Signals, Cmmn Schedule Cmmunicatin Mechanism, Harmnizatin f IEEE C with IEC and Precisin Time Synchrnizatin Facilitated by Natinal Institute fr Standards and Technlgy (U.S.) 17-Nv

30 Example: US-EU Wrkshp Last Week Eurpean Unin (Services) USA (Characteristics) Smart Grid services/ characteristics Enabling the netwrk t integrate users with new requirements Enabling and encuraging strnger and mre direct invlvement f cnsumers in their energy usage and management Imprving market functining and custmer service Enhancing efficiency in day-t-day grid peratin Enabling better planning f future netwrk investment Accmmdate all generatin and strage ptins Enable active participatin by custmers Enable new prducts, services, and markets Optimize asset utilizatin and perate efficiently Operate resiliently t disturbances, attacks and natural disasters Ensuring netwrk security, system cntrl and quality f supply Prvide the pwer quality fr the range f needs Surce: 17-Nv-2011 EC Jint Research Centre 30

31 Sme f the Challenges The grid and grid gvernance are cmplex and multi-layered, ften limiting leverage at any ne pint in the system Mix f human/behaviral interactins and autmated/instantaneus systems Market structures can impact perceptin and allcatin f benefits and csts vertically-integrated vs. unbundled 17-Nv

32 Mre f the Challenges Very brad set f stakehlders grid tuches everyne in develped ecnmies Plicy, regulatin, and business mdels lag tech innvatin Misalignment between pwer sectr (lng-lived infrastructure) and ICT sectr (planned bslescence) Wrkfrce issues: Pwer sectr wrkfrce is aging (e.g., ½ f U.S. utility wrk-frce eligible t retire within 5 years [Lave et al, 2007]) Need wrkfrce with expertise in pwer engineering and ICT Cncerns persist abut cyber security, data privacy, and data security 17-Nv

33 Even Mre f the Challenges Technlgy being deplyed befre establishment f harmnized interperability standards and cnfrmance testing prtcls Althugh individual technlgies are ready, much less is knwn regarding cmbined impacts f suites f technlgies (i.e., systems apprach r energy services platfrm cncept) Challenge f data management at scale The methdlgical and analytical basis fr understanding smart grids is still in develpment Tech. csts are still t high, especially fr emerging ecnmies 17-Nv

34 Example: Waiting fr Real-wrld Analysis DOE Cnsumer Behavir Studies (funded under Recvery Act): T prvide externally valid results frm pilt prjects that examine the influence f variable rates, technlgy, and educatin n cnsumer behavir, specifically t understand the factrs that influence the acceptance, respnse and retentin rates f custmers with respect t alternative rate plicies Interim and Final Evaluatin Reprts DOE Crss-Study Analyses t examine: Custmer acceptance Custmer respnse Custmer retentin Begin Jan 12 End Jun 15 Interim Interim Final 17-Nv

35 Ttal meter cst, $/meter Example: Csts Analysis f the AMI-related (U.S.) Smart Grid Investment Grants suggest that ttal price f smart meter is asympttic at ~$ Number f custmers served Thusands Surce: U.S. DOE India s target: As lw as $25 per smart meter installed. 17-Nv

36 Mst Fruitful Areas Fr R&D Cperatin Testing f technlgies, systems, and cncepts acrss a variety f grid technical and plicy envirnments Interperability standards develpment and cnfrmance testing prtcls Grid mdelling, analytics, and data management (and underlying mathematics) Imprved pwer electrnics, materials, cnductrs, etc. Grid integratin f new technlgies at scale EVs, renewables and the like and systems balancing 17-Nv

37 Outline 1 What is smart grid? 2 Intrductin t ISGAN 3 Current Outlk (Objective 1) 4 Assessment and Metrics (Objective 2) 17-Nv

38 Smart Grids Sample Metrics fr Measuring Prgress tward a Glbal Clean Energy Ecnmy Resurces Public RD&D investment in smart grids ($/yr) [1] Private RD&D investment in smart grids ($/yr) [1,2] Technlgy Readiness Electricity capacity f smart grids demnstratins and pilt tests (MW) [3] Mdeled pwer system stability and reliability (CAIDI, SAIDI) [5] Capital and O&M csts f (a) advanced metering infrastructure, (b) custmer systems, (c) distributed autmatin and mnitring, (d) transmissin system mnitring and cntrl, and (e) integrated systems [11,12] Expected lifespan f advanced metering infrastructure hardware (yrs) [12] Market Readiness Number f rganizatins participating in internatinal standards interperability and/r harmnizatin activities [12] Percentage f prducts cnfrming t internatinal smart grid standards [12] Number f G20 cuntries with perfrmance r pricing standards, including tariff structures, fr deplying smart grid technlgies [3] Stakehlder understanding f the relative csts and benefits and acceptance f smart grid technlgies (survey) [4] Number f G20 cuntries with prtectin mechanisms regarding privacy, wnership, and security issues assciated with custmer usage behavir data [4] Number f G20 cuntries with regulatry mechanisms that encurage markets t demnstrate r deply smart grid technlgies [4] Investments in infrmatin prducts and incentives that encurage deplyment f cnsumer-based enabling technlgies, such as energy use infrmatin ($) [4] Market Transfrmatin Percentage f cnsumers with access t real-time energy usage infrmatin, including dynamic pricing (%) [4] Number f netwrked phasr measurement units deplyed (#) [2] Change in ttal capacity f autmated demand respnse available cmpared t baseline (MW) [4] Capacity f electricity strage cnnected t smart grids at (a) transmissin scale and (b) distributin scale (MW) [7] Distributed generatin t ttal generatin (rati) [3,8] Change in Smart Grid Maturity Mdel (SGMM) scres [9] Average rati f peak pwer demand t average pwer demand [3] Average utage duratin (hrs) [8,10] Frequency and duratin f pwer utages (CAIDI, SAIDI, SAIFI) [6] Impacts GHG emissins avided frm smart grid implementatin (MtCO2e/yr) Reductin in (a) energy demand and (b) T&D line lsses frm imprved vlt/var cntrl (%) [3,8]

39 Cuntries/Regins are Currently Identifying Their Own Metrics Framewrks Eurpean Unin Ideal smart grids defined in terms f smart grid services Definitin f the utcme f the ideal smart grid in terms f benefits Metrics t measure prgresses and utcmes: 56 Key Perfrmance Indicatrs (EC Task Frce) USA Ideal smart grids defined in terms f smart grid characteristics Metrics t measure prgress and utcmes acrss natin: 20 Build/Value Metrics (DOE Smart Grid System Reprt) Plus mre granular suite f metrics t measure prgress in individual prjects 17-Nv

40 U.S. Smart Grid System Reprt (biannual) 20 Metrics, Classified as Either Build r Value : Area Crdinatin Delivery (T&D) Infrastructure Dynamic pricing Real-time peratins data sharing Distributed resurce intercnnectin plicy Plicy/regulatry prgress Distributed Energy Resurces Lad participatin Lad served by micrgrids Distributed generatin Plug-in electric vehicles Grid-respnsive lad Indicatrs f smart grid deplyment prgress nt cmprehensive measures T&D system reliability T&D autmatin Advanced meters Advanced system measurement Capacity factrs Generatin, T&D efficiencies Dynamic line ratings Pwer quality Infrmatin, Finance Cyber security Open architecture/standards Venture capital investment 17-Nv

41 Services Integrate users with new requirements Imprving market functining and custmer service Mre direct invlvement f cnsumers in their energy usage EC Task Frce Benefits Functinalities Increased sustainability Quantified reductin f carbn emissins Envirnmental impacts f grid infrastructure Quantified reductin f accidents and risks Adequate grid cnnectin and access Facilitate the use f the grid fr the users at all vltages/lcatins Open platfrm (grid infrastructure) fr EV recharge purpses Cnsumptin/injectin data and price signals by different means 1 0,5 1 Grid tariffs 1 Faster innvatin against clear standards KPI 0,5 1 1 Ttal 4 2 Ttal Surce: EC Jint Research Centre

42 ISGAN Annex 1, Task 1: Framewrk fr Assessment Objective: Analyze relatinships between cre features f smart grids and crrespnding enabling assets and technlgies, evaluated against the mtivating drivers Assets, technlgies, plicies Cre features f smart grids CHALLENGE: Framewrk must wrk fr develped and emerging ecnmies. 17-Nv

43 Messages The smart grid transfrmatin is a multi-decadal enterprise. It will require much experimentatin and learning by ding (and in many cases, learning by failing). Cuntries and regins must determine fr themselves which technlgies, applicatins, and services are their pririty. One size des nt fit all! Hwever, their decisins can be better infrmed by cmmn (and rigrusly tested) framewrks, methdlgies, and tls The develpment and crdinatin f these tls internatinally is just beginning! 17-Nv

44 THANK YOU! Questins? Cmments? Cncerns? Russ Cnklin Office f Climate Change Plicy and Technlgy U.S. Department f Energy +1 (202) russell.cnklin@hq.de.gv 17-Nv

45 Backup: ISGAN Upcming Schedule 10 January 2012 ENARD Pwer Systems Annex Scping fr ISGAN Integratin, Stckhlm, Sweden January 2012 Smart Grid Test Bed Netwrks Wrkshp (ISGAN / APEC), Washingtn, DC and Albuquerque, NM, USA 2-3 February 2012 Prep Meeting fr 3 rd Clean Energy Ministerial, Delhi, India Week f 26 March 2012 ISGAN Executive Cmmittee Meeting and Wrkshp(s), Mexic City, Mexic April 2012 Third Clean Energy Ministerial Lndn, UK 17-Nv