9. HOW TO DEVELOP FUNCTIONALLY WITHIN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

Transcription

1 Pan American Health Organizatin Wrld Health Organizatin Reginal Office fr the Americas PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health 9. HOW TO DEVELOP FUNCTIONALLY WITHIN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY In rder t develp functinally within the infrmatin sciety, a persn shuld attain, maintain and strengthen a set f abilities and capacities which enable him/her t critically create, integrate and share infrmatin and knwledge in his/her daily, fficial r persnal activities using Infrmatin and Knwledge Technlgies (IKTs)

2 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health Title Hw t develp functinally within the Infrmatin Sciety Versin 2 nd Versin, May 23, 2015 Definitin In rder t develp functinally within the infrmatin sciety, a persn shuld attain, maintain and strengthen a set f abilities and capacities which enable him/her t critically create, integrate and share infrmatin and knwledge in his/her daily, fficial r persnal activities using Infrmatin and Knwledge Technlgies (IKTs) Objective T develp a persnal strategy including the ptins fr the exchange f infrmatin and knwledge, learning and use f new technlgies within a critical analysis f pprtunity and effectiveness. Expected results Timely access t the required infrmatin Free and equitable access t health scientific cntents Quality f the Organizatin s scientific prductin Add value, thrugh slid scientific evidence, t every institutinal activity Digitally literate staff Accessibility: pen access t reliable infrmatin and knwledge Premises Exchange: the exchange f health knwledge, by means f the prper use f infrmatin and cmmunicatin technlgies, is the key t the develpment f health in the Regin Literacy: It is imprtant t understand literacy as a prcess rather than a state. Individual and cllective cmmitment: The Organizatin s cmmitment t cntinuus literacy, as well as that f its members since they jin it, is the basis f a learning rganizatin. 1 Knwledge Management

3 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health Prcedure What infrmatin is reliable? Knwledge f infrmatin Understand Learn Knw Hw t manage the web Infrmed decisins Apply Share Infrmal Acquired knwledge Frmal Scial netwrks Publicatins CPs Lectures Figure 1: Cycle t functinally develp within the Infrmatin Sciety 1 1 Surce: 2 Knwledge Management

4 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health Phase I Knw Knwing the tls, methdlgies and infrmatin available fr the type f activity usually develped, bth at prfessinal r persnal level 2 This phase, which the fficials f an rganizatin usually develp rather intuitively, cnsists in lking fr all thse tls, methdlgies and infrmatin required fr rutine as well as fr unusual wrk. A persn that is functinally develping within the infrmatin sciety is required t incrprate, strengthen and use certain abilities related t the incrpratin f new technlgies and large amunts f infrmatin cming frm different surces, which culd be very helpful fr his/her daily wrk and fr his/her persnal life. Sme f them are: 1. Critical thinking r judgment: making infrmed and balanced value judgments differentiating cntent frm presentatin; 2. Understanding hypertext: Reading, writing and understanding within a cntext f dynamic and nt sequential hypertext; 3. Knwledge building: building a wealth f reliable infrmatin cming frm different surces, with the ability t cllect and evaluate bth the fact and the pinin, with bjectivity and cmmn sense; 4. Search capacities: using the cncept f Internet search engines and accessing the invisible web 3 ; 5. Creating a persnal infrmatin strategy : which includes surce selectin, use and distributin mechanisms; 6. Virtual cllabratin: Active participatin in virtual cmmunities 4 and frums 5 in rder t cntact peple, discuss tpics, find slutins r ask fr assistance; 7. Prblem slving: ability t understand a prblem and fllw the steps t slve it in an infrmed manner; 8. Learning: knwing hw knwledge is rganized, hw t find infrmatin and hw t use infrmatin s that thers can learn (knwledge recirculatin). Develping r strengthening these capacities relies largely n incrprating sme rutines t daily wrk, reinfrcing them with cntinuus educatin and training alng with imprved integratin in netwrking. Situatin analysis: In rder t knw yur persnal situatin at the time f deciding the tls and surces required fr yur wrk, it is imprtant t cnsider at least the fllwing: 2 The infrmatin Sciety is a hyper-cnnected sciety that gives us the pssibility f benefiting frm prfessinal knwledge in the use f infrmatin and cmmunicatin technlgies, in rder t be able t apply them t ur persnal life. 3 Invisible web is the term used t describe all the infrmatin available n the web that cannt be fund thrugh traditinal search engines. 4 Refer t PAHO Methdlgy fr the develpment f Cmmunities f Practice. 5 Refer t PAHO Methdlgy fr the develpment f Lessns Learned. 3 Knwledge Management

5 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health a. Infrmatin needs: Identify the infrmatin yu need fr yur daily wrk, fr sharing with clleagues r team, and fr yur technical cunterparts inside and utside the Organizatin. At this time yu can recgnize what infrmatin yu need t search fr, analyze and share. b. Identificatin f Tls: Surces: Identify the surces, infrmatin resurces and databases frm which yu usually btain that infrmatin. Check which f these resurces include bibligraphy and evidence-based infrmatin. Technlgical tls: Identify what technlgical tls yu usually use fr yur wrk, fr searching infrmatin, fr cmmunicating with yur clleagues and cunterparts, fr disseminating infrmatin. Which f them are prvided/authrized by the institutin. Identificatin f Needs: Based n the situatin analysis made, it entails searching infrmatin resurces and technlgical tls available fr the requirements f the jb. Althugh it may be cmfrtable t use always the same tls and resurces, it is imprtant t perfrm an explratry wrk t discver ther pssibilities, it is part f the prcess f incrprating nvelty and innvatin t rutine wrk. The search can be rganized as fllws: 1) What is available inside the Organizatin? Althugh available institutinal resurces t btain technical infrmatin inside the Organizatin are usually perfectly knwn, there are ften new develpments r unknwn spaces. Cntacting peple wh habitually use r manage infrmatin within the rganizatin t explre news and get acquainted with new trends may clarify the fllwing: Bibligraphic databases in the institutin with previus recrds f infrmatinal prductin (library catalgues, technical cnsultatin reprts, travel reprts, list f publicatins and ther institutinal infrmatin prducts, etc.); Availability f dcuments and ther already digitalized surces; Tls r technlgical resurces available r allwed by the rganizatin t facilitate wrk. 2) What is available utside the Organizatin? Cntacting qualified peple in the field, inside and utside the Organizatin, can prvide data n currently nt used infrmatin resurces that yu may incrprate t yur wrk accrding t yur needs. Fr instance: Health databases such as Pubmed, Medline, VHL, Lilacs, are very frequently used; hwever, many health wrkers d nt have due knwledge n their use. Furthermre, there may be thers, helpful fr yur daily activities, that yur clleagues can recmmend. 4 Knwledge Management

6 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health Available tls nt used r nt usually available in the rganizatin but that can be useful fr the task yu wish t carry ut. The aim f incrprating technlgical tls is t facilitate r reinfrce wrk. These tls may be suitable fr perfrming cllabrative wrk thrugh virtual meetings, discussin frums, nline wrk, blgs, wikis, etc. It is very imprtant t have the adequate advice regarding their crrect use and efficacy in the task t be perfrmed. Types f technlgical tls: a. Accrding t the Platfrm in which they were develped: Web-based Lcally used b. Accrding t their use: Fr (frmal r infrmal) cmmunicatin Fr infrmatin exchange Fr infrmatin disseminatin Fr searching and cllecting infrmatin Fr learning c. Accrding t temprality: Synchrnus Asynchrnus Phase II Understand Understanding the tls, methdlgies and infrmatin available fr the type f activity usually develped and their intended bjective Key premise: Tls are created with a purpse and they shuld be used in that way if we wish t make the mst f them. Crrect use: Understanding the intended use f tls is as imprtant as knwing which tls are available. Fr instance: Is it pssible t create a dcument using PwerPint? The answer is: Yes, it is. Hwever, this is nt the intended use f PwerPint and, if we use it incrrectly, we minimize the pwer f the tl as well as the pssibilities it ffers. Example r incrrect use f tls: Using MS Wrd fr an audivisual presentatin Using MS Excel fr a letter Using Twitter exclusively fr RTs Using Wiki if cmments frm users are nt expected Using Facebk as a Virtual Discussin Frum platfrm Using the cncept f scial media fr every scial netwrk 5 Knwledge Management

7 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health What is necessary t understand? It wuld be impssible t knw and understand everything in this hyper-cnnected sciety r Infrmatin Sciety. Nevertheless, and accrding t the current trends (an annual review is advisable) we recmmend t dive deeper int the fllwing cncepts: Knwledge Management Infrmatin Sciety Knwledge Netwrks Distributin lists Strategic Relatinship Netwrks ehealth - TeleHealth Cmmunities f Practice Scientific Cmmunicatin Scientific vs. Nn-Scientific writing Infrmatin Services Infrmatin Prducts Virtual Frums Organizatinal Learning Digital Literacy Scial Netwrks Twitter Facebk LinkedIn Ggle+ Instagram YuTube Wikipedia Phase III Learn Identificatin f pssible learning and skills gaps that shuld be strengthened Once tls, infrmatin surces and the necessary resurces t streamline and innvate n daily tasks have been identified and understd, it is necessary t identify individual knwledge and skills gaps in rder t use them fr a persnal learning plan. It is advisable t establish a persnal prgram f Digital Literacy riented twards increasing ur knwledge f these prducts t be able t use them. The plan shuld include a self-learning stage assisted by peers and rganizatinal experts in the necessary tls, resurces and web sites that prvide infrmatin n hw t use each f the. The pssibility f institutinal learning shuld be als cnsidered, amng ther pssibilities. The imprtant aspect is t learn mre abut the pssibilities each f the prducts identified as required may prvide in rder t be able t critically identify their real wrth fr daily wrk. Phase IV Apply Applying new technlgies, methdlgies and infrmatin resurces t ur daily wrk t make it mre efficient and effective Althugh the literacy prcess is cntinuus, nce a tl and/r resurce is knwn it is necessary t incrprate it t ur daily wrk and dive deeper in its usage t get the mst f its ptential. A learning rganizatin requires its staff t incrprate these criteria t its daily wrk in rder t 6 Knwledge Management

8 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health prvide feedback and generate new knwledge. The rganizatin is respnsible f establishing mechanisms, spaces r prcedures t mtivate individual learning actins 6. Seek: As a part f applying this new knwledge, it is imprtant t establish a cnsistent search mechanism that enables t keep the minimum level f knwledge required. In rder t ptimize the time t access infrmatin, it is necessary t cnsider at least the fllwing: Identify, select and cnfigure surces f infrmatin (search engines, virtual libraries, thematic repsitries, databases, scientific jurnals, scial netwrks, grey literature and invisible web); Crprative r institutinal web sites (gvernmental sites, statistics institutes, assciatins, universities, jurnals ); Search engines yu are mst familiar with; Scial netwrks accunts f leading peple r institutins within yur field f wrk. Phase V Share This phase implies individual reflectin n the relevance f sharing the knwledge acquired in ur persnal and prfessinal lives fr the benefit f Public Health We are living in a wrld in which, with the required resurces and knwledge, lwer r higher quality infrmatin and technlgies can be accessed in different ways. Nevertheless, having the resurces and the training t knw hw t gain access t them and their real value and capacity is a privilege that is nt equally available t all. This methdlgy is aimed at ffering the minimum and necessary infrmatin a health wrker shuld have t functinally develp within the infrmatin sciety, thus reinfrcing the actins twards better peple-centered universal health cverage. Thse having this pssibility and knwledge are respnsible f sharing it fr the benefit f thers. This is the aim f the phase we decided t refer t as Share. 6 Refer t PAHO Methdlgy n Hw t Becme a Knwledge- and Learning-based Organizatin 7 Knwledge Management

9 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health Criticize Answer Interact Cllabrate Share Disseminate Cllabrate: It is imprtant t participate in the prductin f publicatins r jurnal articles, as well as in the develpment f standard perating prcedures that allw capturing ur knwledge and added value acquired in the curse f ur prfessinal experience. It is als imprtant t ffer ur knwledge and experience in technical, virtual, r face-t-face seminars, as well as in internatinal cngresses relevant at supranatinal level. Finally, and depending n ur pssibilities and time, it is imprtant t cllabrate with ur wn less frmal and structured cntents thrugh blgs, Twitter, LinkedIn r Facebk, amng thers. Answer: If yu use blgs, Twitter r ther scial netwrk, it is really imprtant t reply t thse users wh wish t cmmunicate with yu. Besides, it is imprtant t check institutinal accunts since many peple cmmunicate and send relevant messages, suggestins r questins thrugh these channels. Criticize: Scial netwrks have incrprated the cncept assciated t cntent rating. This can be bserved in sites f htels, restaurants r turist resrts, where peple can leave their rating. Althugh we are nt used t criticize r rate the sites we brwse, it is imprtant t d it as part f ur intellectual cntributin t the cntents published n the web. Interact: As a health wrker with the prper knwledge t functinally develp within the Infrmatin Sciety, it is very imprtant fr yu t interact with different users f virtual spaces. It is imprtant t make cmments n tweets r blg psts as well as t prvide ntes that can be published in ther scial netwrks r virtual spaces. Remember that yur interactin may take 5 minutes and culd be a surce f invaluable knwledge fr smene lking fr reliable and relevant infrmatin n public health. Disseminate: The crrect disseminatin f infrmatin is the last step f scientific prductin r cmmunicatin and it shuld be assumed with respnsibility. It is nt wrth prducing a 8 Knwledge Management

10 PAHO/WHO Methdlgies fr Infrmatin Sharing and Knwledge Management in Health publicatin which is nt read r des nt reach the target audiences. Therefre, befre prducing a scientific r technical publicatin, bear in mind yur target audiences, the cst f disseminatin, the languages t be cnsidered and hw its impact will be measured. This is the nly way t achieve cst-effective infrmatin disseminatin. The fllwing are sme tls that will enable sharing and increasing yur knwledge: 1. Scial netwrks, including blgs, wikis, Twitter, LinkedIn, amng thers 2. Virtual discussin frums 7 3. Virtual meetings 4. Infrmatin disseminatin list 5. Cmmunities f practice 6. Infgraphics 7. Technical publicatins 8. Distance curses 9. Knwledge netwrks 10. Licenses fr infrmatin use (cpyright and cpyleft) Final thught: Althugh this methdlgy prpses a set f actins t strengthen individual and cllective knwledge, it is imprtant t understand that new surces f knwledge may appear as a result f practices established by internet users and individuals, particularly new generatins, wh are heavy cnsumers f infrmatin and cmmunicatin technlgies. 7 Refer t PAHO Methdlgy Hw t effectively participate in a virtual frum 9 Knwledge Management