Station 1: DNA Structure Use the figure above to answer each of the following questions. 1.This is the subunit that DNA is composed of. 2.
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1 1. Station 1: DNA Structure Use the figure above to answer each of the following questions. 1.This is the subunit that DNA is composed of. 2.This subunit is composed of what 3 parts? 3.What molecules make up the sides of DNA? 4.Who are the 2 scientists credited with discovering the shape of the DNA molecule? 5.If this molecule is composed of 28% Adenine, list the percent composition of each of the 3 remaining bases. 6. Define Chargaff s Rule:
2 Station 2: DNA Replication Draw DNA Replication. Put the lead strand on top and the lag strand on the bottom. Label the parent strands 5 and 3 ends. Label the new strands 5 and 3 ends. Use small summaries to explain what is going on during replication. Label the picture with these terms: DNA Helicase DNA Polymerase RNA Primase RNA Primer Okazaki Fragments Ligase
3 Station 3: Gene Expression The process of constructing a molecule of RNA from a segment of DNA is called what? 2. This takes place where in the cell? 3. The process of constructing an amino acid chain from an RNA molecule is called what? 4. This takes place where in the cell?
4 Station 4: DNA & RNA 1. List the 3 main differences between DNA & RNA.
5 Station 5: Transcription 1. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mrna strand CCAUCGAUCGAC was made? a. GGUAGCUAGCUG c. CAGCUAGCUACC b. CCATCGATCGAG d. GGTAGCTAGCTG 2. What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds and opens the DNA molecule? 3. What enzyme places the complementary RNA nucleotides in the correct place?
6 Station 6: Translation Refer to the illustration below. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of DNA with the sequence CATCTAGGGGTA? a. Ser Tyr Arg Gly c. Leu Lys Cys Phe b. Val Asp Pro His d. Pro Glu Leu Val Refer to the illustration above. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to mrna codons determine which of the following contains UAU, UAC CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG the mrna sequence that codes for this GAU, GAC amino acid sequence. AUU, AUC, AUA UGU, UGC a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA b. ATGGGTCTATATACG d. UACCCAGAUAUAUGC amino acid tyrosine proline aspartic acid isoleucine cysteine
7 Station 7: Translation This is the organelle within which translation is taking place. 2. Which amino acid is this? 3. What is this molecule? 4. What will the anticodon be on the next trna molecule that transfers an amino acid to this mrna molecule?
8 Station 8: Translation Draw a picture illustrating how mrna, rrna, and trna all work together to produce proteins. Make sure that you write neat enough that I can identify the codons(yes, I need to see the nitrogen bases), the anticodons, and the amino acids in the protein chain (use the codon chart, the bottom of this page, to show which amino acid goes with the codon).
9 Station 9: Mutations Original DNA Code: TACGGTCATTGGCCA Amino Acid Chain: Met-Pro-Val-Thr-Gly 1. If highlighted G is replaced by a T, what would be the resulting amino acid chain? 2. What type of mutation is this? Original DNA Code: TACGGTCATTGGCCA Amino Acid Chain: Met-Pro-Val-Thr-Gly 3. What would the amino acid chain be if an A is placed between the highlighted C and G? 4. What type of mutation is this?
10 Station 10: DNA Regulation 1. What part Gene expression is this image showing? 2. This gene segments show the Lac operon, a. Which of these sections get transcribed? b. What is B representing? c. What sits at C to keep the process from turning on when it is not needed? d. What molecule has to enter the system for this gene to get turned on? e. Why do genes need to be regulated (why can t they be turned on all the time? 3. Which part of the mrna gets cut out before translation? 4. Which parts are spliced together and translated into a protein chain?
11 Station 1: DNA Structure Use the figure above to answer each of the following questions. 1. This is the subunit that DNA is composed of. (nucleotide) 2. This subunit is composed of what 3 parts? (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) 3. The sides are made of repeating phosphates and deoxyribose sugars 4. Who are the 2 scientists credited with discovering the shape of the DNA molecule? (Watson & Crick) 5. If this molecule is composed of 28% Adenine, list the percent composition of each of the 3 remaining bases. (28% Thymine, 22% Cytosine, 22% Guanine) 6. Chargaff s Rule is that A and T always bond together and C and G always bond together Station 2: DNA Replication Draw DNA Replication. Put the lead strand on top and the lag strand on the bottom. Label the parent strands 5 and 3 ends. Label the new strands 5 and 3 ends. Use small summaries to explain what is going on during replication. Label the picture with these terms: DNA Helicase DNA Polymerase RNA Primase RNA Primer Okazaki Fragments Ligase Station 3: Gene Expression 1. The process of constructing a molecule of RNA from a segment of DNA is called what? (transcription) 2. This takes place where in the cell? (nucleus) 3. The process of constructing an amino acid chain from an RNA molecule is called what? (translation) 4. This takes place where in the cell? (cytoplasm) Station 4: DNA & RNA 1. List the 3 main differences between DNA & RNA. DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil. DNA has deoxyribose sugar & RNA has ribose sugar.
12 Station 5: Transcription 1. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mrna strand CCAUCGAUCGAC was made? a. GGUAGCUAGCUG c. CAGCUAGCUACC b. CCATCGATCGAG d. GGTAGCTAGCTG 2. What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds and opens the DNA molecule? (DNA helicase) 3. What enzyme places the complementary RNA nucleotides in the correct place? (RNA polymerase) Station 6: Translation Refer to the illustration below. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of DNA with the sequence CATCTAGGGGTA? Refer to the illustration above. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to determine which of the following contains the mrna sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence. a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA b. ATGGGTCTATATACG d. UACCCAGAUAUAUGC Station 7: Translation 1. This is the organelle within which translation is taking place. (ribosome) 2. Which amino acid is this? (Met) 3. What is this molecule? (trna) 4. What will the anticodon be on the next trna molecule that transfers an amino acid to this mrna molecule? (ACA) Station 8: Translation Draw a picture illustrating how mrna, rrna, and trna all work together to produce proteins. Make sure that you write neat enough that I can identify the codons(yes, I need to see the nitrogen bases), the anticodons, and the amino acids in the protein chain (use the codon chart, the bottom of this page, to show which amino acid goes with the codon).
13 Original DNA Code: TACGGTCATTGGCCA Amino Acid Chain: Met-Pro-Val-Thr-Gly Station 9: Mutations 1. If highlighted G is replaced by a T, what would be the resulting amino acid chain? Met-His-Val-Thr-Gly 2. What type of mutation is this? Missense Original DNA Code: TACGGTCATTGGCCA Amino Acid Chain: Met-Pro-Val-Thr-Gly 3. What would the amino acid chain be if an A is placed between the highlighted C and G? TACAGGTCATTGGCCA AUG UCC AGU AAC CGG U Met-Ser- Ser- Asn-Arg 4. What type of mutation is this? Frameshift - insertion Station 10: DNA Regulation 1. What part Gene expression is this image showing? 2. This gene segments show the Lac operon, a. Which of these sections get transcribed? D b. What is B representing? RNA Polymerase c. What sits at C to keep the process from turning on when it is not needed? Repressor d. What molecule has to enter the system for this gene to get turned on? Lactose e. Why do genes need to be regulated (why can t they be turned on all the time? So that we only produce what we need. 3. Which part of the mrna gets cut out before translation? Introns (interfering introns) 4. Which parts are spliced together and translated into a protein chain? Exons (expressed exons)
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Name: Test Date: Block: Biology I: Unit 7 Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Review for Unit Test Directions: You should use this as a guide to help you study for your test. You should also read through
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Fishy Amino Acid Codon. UUU Phe UCU Ser UAU Tyr UGU Cys. UUC Phe UCC Ser UAC Tyr UGC Cys. UUA Leu UCA Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop
Fishy Code Slips Fish 1 GGTTATAGAGGTACTACC Fish 2 GGCTTCAGAGGTACTACC Fish 3 CATAGCAGAGGTACTACC Fish 4 GGTTATTCTGTCTTATTG Fish 5 GGCTTCTCTGTCTTATTG Fish 6 CATAGCGCTGCAACTACC Fishy Amino Acid Codon UUU Phe