UGBS 105 Introduction to Public Administration

Transcription

1 UGBS 105 Intrductin t Public Administratin Sessin 3 Bureaucracy and Public Administratin Lecturer: Dr. Daniel Appiah, UGBS Cntact Infrmatin: dappiah@ug.edu.gh Cllege f Educatin Schl f Cntinuing and Distance Educatin 2014/ /2017

2 Sessin 3: Part 2 Bureaucracy and Public Administratin Dr. Daniel Appiah, UGBS Slide 2

3 Learning Objectives By the end f this sessin, students shuld understand: i. Understand the cncept f bureaucracy ii. iii. iv. Identify and understand Max Weber s principles f bureaucratic administratin Understand the advantages and disadvantages f bureaucracy Prpse slutins t prblems f public sectr bureaucratic administratin in Ghana. Dr. Daniel Appiah, UGBS 3

4 What is Public Administratin?: Enactment, Executin, Adjudicatin f State Rules. Making state rules Implementing state rules Adjudicatin f state rules Max Weber (1947:644) said In its widest sense, the expressin public administratin includes nt nly legislatin and adjudicatin but als thse ther residuary activities which here we want t call gvernment. 4

5 Hw shuld the Public Administratin System be Organized fr Develpment?. Executive 23 (?) Ministries Legislature Judiciary Military/Plice Lcal Gvernment Semi-autnmus public agencies (e.g. NDPC, NPA, Audit Service, etc) Cuncil f State Chieftaincy Administratin Slide 5

6 Max Weber s Thery f Bureaucracy: The Rle f Technical Knwledge & Cmpetence Accrding t Max Weber, a bureaucracy ffers the best frm f rganizatin and public administratin t prmte efficient, effective, stable and reliable develpment in a sciety. Max Weber said that a bureaucracy is, frm a purely technical pint f view, capable f attaining the highest degree f efficiency, and is in this sense frmally the mst ratinal knwn means f exercising authrity ver human beings. It is superir t any ther frm in precisin, in stability, in the stringency f its discipline, and in its reliability. It is finally superir bth in intensive efficiency and in the scpe f its peratins and is frmally capable f applicatin t all kinds f administrative tasks. (Weber, p.223)

7 What is a Bureaucracy? The wrd bureaucracy is derived frm tw greek wrds; bureau and Krats. The wrd bureau refers t the ffice, and the wrd krats means pwer r rule. Generally, the cncept bureaucracy can be understd t mean the pwer f an ffice hlder t rule. There are public and private Bureaucratic rganizatins: It is imprtant t nte that the cncept cut acrss bth public and private rganizatins. The imprtant issue is that Max Weber gave six main principles that define the nature f this ffice hlder wh has been given authrity t rule. Dr. Daniel Appiah, UGBS 7

8 Weber s Six Principles f Bureaucracy 1. There is the principle f fficial jurisdictinal areas, which are generally rdered by rules, that is, by laws r administrative regulatins. 2. There are principles f ffice hierarchy and f channels f appeal that stipulate a clearly established system f superand subrdinatin in which there is a supervisin f the lwer ffices by the higher nes. 3. The management f the mdern ffice is based upn written dcuments (the files ), which are preserved in their riginal r draft frm, and upn a staff f subaltern fficials and scribes f all srts.

9 Weber s Six Principles f Bureaucracy 4. Office management, at least all specialized ffice management, usually presuppses thrugh training in a field f specializatin. 5. Official activity demands the full wrking capacity f the fficial, irrespective f the fact that the length f his bligatry wrking hrs in the bureau may be limited. 6. The management f the ffice fllws general rules, which are mre r less stable, mre r less exhaustive, and which can be learned. Slide 9

10 Weber s Six Principles f Bureaucracy. Questin: T what extent des Ghana s Public Administratin system cnfrm t Max Weber s principles f bureaucracy? Slide 10

11 The Psitin f the Official Within and Outside f the Bureaucracy Impersnality in the perfrmance f fficial functins Accrding t Weber (p.959), It is decisive fr the mdern lyalty t an ffice that, in the pure type, it des nt establish a relatinship t a persn, like the vassal s r disciple s faith under feudal r patrimnial authrity, but rather is devted t impersnal and functinal purpses [a purpse which appears at nce impersnalized and idelgically sanctified]. Als, entrance int a bureaucratic ffice is cnsidered an acceptance f a duty f fealty t the purpse f the ffice in return fr the grant f a secure existence. (p.959) Slide 11

12 Bureaucracy and Impersnality Three Key Cnditins fr Ensuring Impersnality: 1. There shuld be an idelgy that transcends the selfinterest f the individual ffice hlder: The fficial is servant t sme ther-wrldly sacred values f a grup beynd the individual persnal self (Weber, p.959) 2. There shuld be shared cultural values amng public fficials: The purpses f bureaucracy f curse, frequently gain an idelgical hal frm cultural values, such as state, church, cmmunity, party r enterprise, which appears as surrgates fr a this-wrldly r ther-wrldly persnal master and which are embdied by a given grup. (Weber, p.959) Slide 12

13 Bureaucracy and Impersnality 3. The scial psitin f the fficial shuld be legally Elevated fr prtectin in carrying ut fficial duties: In the public bureaucracy, the mdern public fficial always strives fr and usually attains a distinctly elevated scial esteem vis-à-vis the gverned. (Weber, p.959) Hw t legally prtect the fficial: Accrding t Weber, the scial psitin f the fficial is prtected by prescriptin abut rank rder and, fr the plitical fficial, by special prhibitins f the criminal cde against insults t the ffice and cntempt f state and church authrities. (Weber, p.959) Slide 13

14 What kind f pliticians can help t create an impartial bureaucratic fficial f public administratin? Dr. Daniel Appiah, UGBS 14

15 Mnetary and Financial Presuppsitins f Bureaucracy : Implicatins fr Pr Cuntries There is a relatinship between the develpment f a mdern bureaucracy and the develpment f a capitalist ecnmy. Weber emphasized that The develpment f the mney ecnmy is a presuppsitin f a mdern bureaucracy in s far as the cmpensatin f fficials tday takes the frm f mney salaries. (Weber, p.963) A certain measure f a develped mney ecnmy is the nrmal precnditin at least fr the unchanged survival, if nt fr the establishment, f pure bureaucratic administratins. (p.964) But, bureaucracy requires mre than mney t build & sustain: The mney ecnmy is f very great imprtance fr the whle bearing f bureaucracy, yet by itself it is by n means decisive fr the existence f bureaucracy. (Weber, p.964-5) Slide 15

16 Multi-Party Demcracy and Bureaucracy : Are They Incmpatible? Demcracy: Accrding t Max Weber (p.961), Ppular electin nt nly f the administrative chief but als f his subrdinate fficials usually endangers, at least in very large bdies which are difficult t supervise, the expert qualificatin f the fficials as well as the precise functining f the bureaucratic mechanism, besides weakening the dependence f the fficials upn the hierarchy. Accrding t Max Weber, there is a basic cntradictin between bureaucracy and electral demcracy. And n legal guarantees can eliminate the basic cntradictin between a bureaucracy and cmpetitive multi-party demcratic gvernment (Weber, p.957). D yu agree? Give reasns. Slide 16

17 Creating a Bureaucratic Public Service Organizatin in a Multi-Party Demcratic Cuntry is Difficult. Questin: Is it pssible fr a demcratic cuntry bureaucratic rganizatins t deliver public service? 23 (?) Ministries Semi-autnmus public agencies (e.g. NDPC, NPA, Audit Service, etc) Cuncil f State Chieftaincy Administratin Slide 17

18 Cnclusin: Effective and Efficient Bureaucracy Prmtes Develpment The cuntries that have dysfunctinal public bureaucracies are unable t effectively and efficiently facilitate business start-ups, enfrce prperty rights, adjudicate disputes and ensure the rule f law have failed t create capital fr the prmtin f scial, ecnmic and plitical develpment! Dr. Daniel Appiah, UGBS Slide 18