Energy Sustainable Communities - Decentralised & Community Scale Renewable Energy. Eleanor Smith, Policy Officer, EREC

Transcription

1 Energy Sustainable Communities - Decentralised & Community Scale Renewable Energy Eleanor Smith, Policy Officer, EREC Energy Sustainable Communities, Zagreb, 29 th March 2010

2 Climate Change We used to fear that there were enough nuclear weapons on earth to destroy the planet. But now we know that there is enough oil, gas and coal to do pretty much the same job. Andris Piebalgs, Former European Commissioner for Energy (SET Plan Conference, Stockholm, October 2009)

3 Outline Renewable Energy Sector European Policy Framework Energy Sustainable Communities Case Studies

4 Renewable Energy Sector

5 EREC Member Associations AEBIOM EGEC EPIA EREF ESHA ESTELA ESTIF EUBIA EU-OEA EUREC EWEA European Biomass Association European Geothermal Energy Council European Photovoltaic Industry Association European Renewable Energies Federation European Small Hydropower Association European Solar Thermal Electricity Association European Solar Thermal Industry Federation European Biomass Industry Association European Ocean Energy Association European Association of Renewable Energy Research Centres European Wind Energy Association

6 10 percent The share of EU s final energy consumption 1/4 550,000 The amount that renewable energy contributes already to the EU s 20% GHG reduction target The number of jobs in the EU that already exist in the renewable energy sector 70 billion The annual turnover of the renewable energy industry

7 New electricity capacity installed in 2009 (%) Source: EWEA, EPIA, ESTELA, EU-OEA, and Platts Powervision

8 EU-27 final energy consumption by fuel (Mtoe) Source: Eurostat

9 RES share of final energy consumption (Mtoe) 2005 Eurostat 2006 Eurostat 2007 Eurostat AGR TARGET 2020 AGR needed TYPE OF ENERGY % % % % % Final Energy Consumption* (Trends to 2030) (Combined RES and EE) ,378 1, Electricity** Heating and Cooling Transport biofuels Total Renewable Energy *Including electricity and steam transmission/distribution losses and own consumption **Normalised for hydro and wind

10 BAU towards 2020 (% share of RES in final energy consumption) * Business-as-usual (BAU) based on continuous growth assumption as 2005 to 2007 ** EU-27 indicative trajectory as set out in Part B of Annex I of Directive (2009/28/EC)

11 Challenges in the sector RES disadvantaged in current tax system Up-coming proposal for an EU directive restructuring taxation of energy products & electricity meaningful environmental taxes = effective tool to level the playing field The need for specific support mechanisms for RES The existence of environmentally damaging state aid to mature industries such as coal & nuclear will inevitably lead to higher environmental policy costs removal of state aid to conventional power production technologies

12 Support schemes in EU MS Source: Support Schemes for Renewable Energy A Comparative Analysis of Payment Mechanisms in the EU, RE-Xpansion project, ALTENER Project (EWEA, 2002) Aim: offset competitive disadvantage of RES

13 Comparison social costs of electricity External costs + Internal costs = Social costs NB: e.g. Denmark Source: EWEA, 2002

14 European Policy Framework

15 RES Policy Framework RES White Paper (1997) Indicative target of a share of 12% RES of gross energy consumption in Europe (EU-15) by 2010 RES Electricity Directive (2001) To increase the share of RES-E from 14% to 22% of gross electricity consumption by 2010 Biofuels Directive (2003) Indicative target of 5.75 % of biofuels in EU transport sector by 2010

16 Climate and Energy Package Renewable Energy Directive - part of the Climate & Energy Legislative Package (O.J. L 140/16, ) Regulation (EC) No 443/ reduction of CO2 emissions from Light Duty Vehicles, Directive 2009/28/EC Renewable Energy Sources, Directive 2009/29/EC Emission Trading Scheme, Directive 2009/30/EC Fuel Quality Directive Directive 2009/31/EC Carbon Capture and Storage Decision No 406/2009/EC «effort sharing»

17 The EU Policy by % -20% 100% +20% Greenhouse gas levels Energy consumption Renewables in energy mix 8,5%

18 New Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) For the first time incorporates all of the following: RES Electricity RES Heating & Cooling RES Transport Binding target of at least 20% RES by 2020, including a binding target of 10% biofuels and other RES in transport

19 New Renewable Energy Directive (Timetable) Art. 4 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) 30th June th June 2010 Art. 17 Sustainability Scheme for Biomass 31st December 2009 / 25th February 2010 Art. 19 Impact of Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) 31st December 2010 / May 2011 (tbc)

20 RES Directive Establishes a framework for the promotion of renewable energy sources in the EU up to Sets mandatory national targets for renewable energy sources in final energy consumption and in the transport sector. It requires the streamlining of administrative procedures, more information and training on RES and access to the electricity grid for energy from renewable sources.

21 EU-27 efforts in RES 31% 13% 16% 13% 30% 18% 25% 16% 18% 20% 23% 17% 13% 42% 23% 11% 13% 10% 14% 34% 15% 25% 14% 38% 49% 15% 24% EU-27 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK RES share in 2020

22 New Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) National Energy Action Plans (NREAPs) must be submitted to the European Commission by 30th June 2010 Forecast documents already provided in December 2009 European Commission to evaluate the NREAPs in the autumn and identify how to respond to potential weaknesses

23 NREAP Art. 4 & Annex VI 30th June th June Summary of national renewable energy policy 2. Expected final energy consumption 3. Targets and trajectories (national and sectoral) 4. Measures for achieving the targets 5. Assessments

24 REPAP 2020 Strong Network of Parliamentarians Network of national RES associations Facilitate the process of implementation of EU legislation at national level Increased awareness, level of knowledge of and experience exchange Ultimate goal = a coherent implementation of the RES Directive at a national level

25 Renewable Energy Technology Roadmap 20% by % RES electricity 25% RES heating & cooling 10% biofuels

26 New Energy Policy for Europe Promoting Renewable Energy Technologies: Security of Supply Climate Protection Future-oriented sustainable economy 2050: RES as the Mainstream Source!

27 Energy Sustainable Communities

28 E4C project ran from 1 st January th June preparing the ground for the extended use of Structural Funds for innovative energy actions in the rural environment.. (Dr. Christian Epp, Martha Bissmann, WIP Renewable Energies) Aim: to promote RE & RUE in less developed rural areas of Europe & prepare ground for extended use of SF 8 selected target regions: Zlín (CZ) / Limbaži (LV) / Velky Krtis (SK) / Kaunas region (LT) / Poviat Nowa Sol (PL) / Evros (GR) / Saaremaa Island (EE) / Alta Locride (I)

29 Background Cohesion Policy Economic and social disparities between regions weaken the EU s dynamism Hence the political goal of reducing the gaps in development & disparities between citizens Structural Funds The MS of the European Community as a group agree to invest development funds in the regions lagging behind The European Commission then creates the necessary instruments to put this into practice: structural funds

30 Project results Guidelines for planning RES and RUE actions Strategy paper on innovative financing schemes for RES and RUE projects in the frame of the European Cohesion Guidelines for bundling RE actions making them bankable and feasible for Structural and Cohesion Funds Planning Tool to develop Master Plans at regional level Seminars on the potential of Cohesion Programmes for funding small scale RES and RUE actions 8 comprehensive SD Master Plans for RE actions in selected regions of Southern and Eastern Europe

31 Energy Sustainable Communities The project aimed to bring all the different aspects of sustainable communities together to create a platform of information exchange in order to define the concept of sustainable communities in more detail and to foster the implementation of this concept in European and in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). Fifth Framework Programme

32 Project details Coordinator: EREC Partners: ARMINES - Ecole des Mines de Paris ECB - Energy Centre Bratislava ESV - O.Ö. Energiesparverband INSULA - International Scientific Council for Island Development MWEA Mid Wales Energy Agency NTUA National Technical University of Athens University of Magdeburg 1 st April st March 2005

33 Energy Sustainable Communities «Energy Sustainable Communitites» are communities that implement a set of sustainable energy policy measures in the field of renewable energy sources (RES) and rational use of energy (RUE) with a strong involvment of the local population in the planning and implementation process.» The ESC concept can be implemented at different levels, i.e. regions, cities, municipalities, rural zones, islands.

34 6 Working Packages (WPs) WP 1: Key actor discussion groups WP 2: Compilation of a guide on key success factors of sustainable communities WP 3: Compilation of success stories WP 4: Sustainable communities conference (Wels, Austria, 4 March 2005) WP 5: Partner Forum WP 6: Dissemination

35 Project outcomes The publication of a guide for policy makers at the local level The compilation of Best Practice Studies in form of a separate publication, to be found within the guide. The creation of a Partner Forum Sustainable Communities Conference

36 Important preconditions & scope Important preconditions The full commitment of decision-makers Invovement of local stakeholders incl. general public Availability of local (administrative) staff & financial resources (pay consultants, feasibility studies & data collection, etc.) Scope of the sustainable energy strategy at a community level Job market & costs for energy Spatial planning & buildings Tourism Culture (indirect effects on behaviour & awareness) The education sector Technical infrastructure (water & waste water treatment, waste management, street lighting, car fleets, local utilities, public buildings, social housing, etc.)

37 Guide towards a local sustainable energy strategy Step 1: Reassure yourself of political commitment Step 2: Create working team Step 3: Assess local energy status Step 4: Develop an energy vision Step 5: Prepare a catalogue of measures & develop measures for reaching the targets Step 6: Develop action plan followed by implementation & evaluation

38 Benefits of a SEC Environmental Economic Cost reduction Job creation Added value at local level Social Social regeneration & improvement of living conditions Social & economic cohesion (through regional development)

39 Case Studies

40 Example: Heinerscheid Windfarm Successful community management & RES financing system Innovative partnership scheme brought to life between interested parties at beginning of project Partnership took care of planning & building Founded the Wandpark Gemeng Hengsicht S.A. in Local council initially legal holder of 22.5% of shares but sold 20% to the legal community involved Partnership manages the farm ever since its construction

41 Enercon Turbine in Heinerscheid

42 ICLEI s RE Regions Project 4 German municipalities exploring decentralised renewable energy schemes Counties: Lüchow-Dannenberg, Schwäbisch Hall Municipalities: Morbach and Wolpertshausen 5 modules managed by the Universities of Freiburg and Hohenheim and the Institute for Ecological Economic Research, who are supporting the municipalities involved, will deliver the results of the analysis ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability an international association of local governments and national and regional local government organizations that have made a commitment to sustainable development. Members = 1000 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide Themes of ICLEI's work directly derived from the Local Action 21 mandate. /

43 Ecopower Cooperative in Belgium Ecopower invests in RE projects & raises awareness on RUE A kilowatt saved is the greenest kilowatt Recognized cooperative/company with a social purpose: transparent structure & many small shareholders. Ecopower provides the self-generated RES-E from its wind turbines & small hydroelectric power to its aid workers. If you want RE electricity, you can join the cooperative and become co-owner of the project. At present, Ecopower supplies more than 25,000 members with RES-E

44 Smart Grids

45 Future Power System

46 Innovative prospects in Belgium Buiten-kans coaching and consulting network connecting very diverse stakeholders, experts, and leaders Making progress 'preparing ' the field (clients, communities), but no organisation ready for the time being ('Renerg'). Started up by a social worker long active in the neighbourhood community and in initiatives of civil participation

47 Austria Steiermark Region, Vulkanland 100% RE by 2025 Steirisches Vulkanland - LAbg. Ing. Josef Ober, Dr. Christian Krotscheck krotscheck@vulkanland.at

48 eseia is a European association of leading innovation organisations in the field of sustainable energy systems dedicated to advancing innovation to implement sustainable energy systems in Europe as well as on a global scale. Founded in July 2009 by Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), incl. Michael Narodoslawsky, Professor Process and Particle Engineering, who presented Vulkanland in Styria at EUSEW

49 An Energy Revolution is needed In 40 years, all our industrial processes need to have changed. This is the greatest energy challenge we have had to date. Christopher Jones, Former Director for New & Renewable Sources of Energy, DG TREN, European Commission (3rd European Renewable Energy Policy Conference, Brussels, November 2009)

50 Rio Declaration 1992 Principle 1 Human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.

51 Contact Eleanor Smith