WP1. Agricultural biomass quality. Poul Erik Lærke, Na Liu & Uffe Jørgensen, Dept. of Agroecology

Transcription

1 WP1. Agriculturl iomss qulity Poul Erik Lærke, N Liu & Uffe Jørgensen, Dept. of Agroecology

2 Influencing fctors Genotype Hrvest time Storge Soil type nd climte Anlyses Work content Yield nd qulity of dedicted energy crops: willow, poplr (from HNEE) nd miscnthus Elementl nlysis y ICP-OES for reserch NIR/NIT for industry

3 Ojectives for the PhD study (N Liu) 1. to investigte the sptil distriution of minerls within the plnt 2. to investigte whether stem section smpling cn determine, rther thn whole tree smpling, cn e used to predict the iomss qulity of lrger scle 3. to explore the concentrtion of elements mong genotypes to select the most pproprite genotype for iodust comustion

4 Content of elements in reltion qulity Mjor Minor Al, C, Fe, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, N, + Mn, Zn + Cl, S P, Si Ash melting Deposit formtion Fly sh Aerosol emissions Corrosion Utiliztion/disposl of the shes

5 High-Throughput Microwve Digestion nd ICP-OES nlysis 1). Store in pper gs, dry t 60 o C 2). 3ml H2O2 + 6ml HNO3 + 50µl HF 4). Anlyse y ICP-OES 3). Digest in Microwve system

6 Sumitted Mnuscript Qulity Determintion of Biomss for Comustion: A New High-Throughput Microwve Digestion Method Prior to Elementl Anlysis y ICP-OES N Liu *, Uffe Jørgensen, Poul Erik Lærke Tle 4. Documented vlues for SRM NIST 1515 pple leves nd SRM NIST 1575 pine needles, nd certified vlues for the ioenergy crop Miscnthus x Gignteus on the concentrtions of twelve elements nd their uncertinties compred with vlues mesured y the new high-throughput method descried in this study. NIST 1515 Apple leves NIST 1575 Pine needles Miscnthus x Gignteus Element Documented Mesured (n= 8) % Recoveries Documented Mesured (n= 8) % Recoveries Certified Mesured (n= 55) % Recoveries (mg kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) Al 286 ± ± ± ± < ± C ± ± ± ± ± ± Cd ± ± ± ± ± Cu 5.64 ± ± ± ± ± ± Fe 83 ± 5 82 ± ± 2 47 ± ± 5 21 ± K ± ± ± ± ± ± Mg 2710 ± ± ± ± ± ± Mn 54 ± 3 51 ± ± ± ± 2 41 ± N 24.4 ± ± ± 1 58 ± ± ± P 1590 ± ± ± ± ± ± Si ± ± ± ± Zn 12.5 ± ± ± 2 37 ± ± 1 10 ± Determined y the EU stndrd method (DS/EN 15290, 2011) t DONG energy, Enstedværket, Aenr, DK. Men ± 95% confidence intervls.

7 Willow single shoots from Norwy 16 Brnch<10mm All rest prt Elements distriution within shoots: 5 shoots 18 sections 83 smples in totl Blnce Center 17 Brnch>10mm finger 7 18 Ded rnch cm 4 25 cm 3 40 cm 2 40 cm 1 10 cm Ground Stump 10 cm

8 K Cd K nd Cd concentrtion, K nd Cd content nd DM distriution of single-shoot willow (shoot N) ccording to the sections (without ded shoots).

9 Poplr Hochschule für nchhltige Entwicklung (HNE), Eerswlde, Germny Hrvested in Fe 2012 Site Lindhorst, Germny 3-yer shoots from the 2nd rottion/6 yers old root stocks 9 clones + 1 reference willow 3 smpling types: Whole tree Blnce center Brk/wood 5 replictes = 230 smples in totl

10 Poplr (9 clones) willow (1clone) mg/kg, sed on DM Al C Cu Fe K Mg Mn N P Si Zn Fig 1. Box plot of eleven elements in poplr (9 clones, 91 smples in totl) nd willow (1 clone, 11 smples in totl).

11 K concentrtion in 9 poplr genotypes nd 1 willow genotype 4500 Poplr Willow 4000 mg/kg, sed on DM Mx1 Mx3 Mx4 Weser6 Androscoggin AF2 MuhleLrsen NE42 Monviso Fig 2. Box plot of K concentrtion in poplr (MAX1, NE42, Androscoggin, AF2, Muhle Lrsen, Monviso, Weser6, MAX3, MAX4), nd willow (Inger). Inger

12 K concentrtion (mg/kg, sed on DM) MAX1 NE42 MAX1 Bse MAX1 Blnce Center NE42 Bse NE42 Blnce Center 1000 c c c c 0 Wood Brk Whole tree Fig 3. K concentrtion in poplr MAX1 nd NE42 (2 smpling positions: se nd lnce center; 2 frctions: wood nd rk, compred to smples from whole tree).

13 Concentrtion (mg/kg, sed on DM) Elements in poplr (MAX1, NE42, Androscoggin, AF2, Muhle Lrsen, Monviso, Weser6, MAX3, MAX4), nd willow (Inger), compring two smpling types: whole tree smpling vs. lnce center smpling. PT2/PT!1 (%) PT1 whole shoot PT2 Grvity Center PT2/PT1 (%) Al C Cu Fe K Mg Mn N P Si Zn

14 Conclusion Poplr nd willow mterils significntly differ in elements concentrtion. Poplr rk frctions contined up to 5 time more minerls thn the wood frctions Lrge sptil vrition of elements ws reveled within willow shoots Concentrtion of elements round the lnce center were pproximtely 80% of the men for the complete shoot. Suitle hrvest nd post-hrvest prctices on reducing rk portion of iomss my improve the iomss qulity for comustion.

15 Numer of smples 96 miscnthus smples from Foulum 230 poplr smples from HNEE 83 willow smples from Agder University, Norwy 80 Dnish willow smples from 8 clones nd two soil types 400+ Germn (HNEE) poplr smples were collected from 10 clones nd 4 soil types Fe/Mrch willow smples from storge experiments (wood chip nd whole stem) 48 Dnish poplr smples from 6 clones nd two soil types Jn 2014

16 Pulictions nd dissemintion 1. Qulity Determintion of Biomss for Comustion: A New High-Throughput Microwve Digestion Method Prior to Elementl Anlysis y ICP-OES (Sumitted Aug 2013 to Energy & Fuels). 2. Predicting moisture content nd eleven elements concentrtion of whole Tordis willow shoots using smller stem sections (To e sumitted to Biomss nd Bioenergy y Oct. 2013). 3. Willow yield is highly dependent on clone nd site (To e sumitted Nov 2013 to Bioenergy Reserch) 4. Minerl composition of willow ffected y soil types, ges nd cultivrs: study on iomss qulity (To e sumitted 2014) Conferences Biomss Qulity Vrition of Poplr nd Willow in Reltion to Bio-Dust Comustion: Comprisons mong Genotypes nd within Shoots for the 21st EUROPEAN BIOMASS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION, Copenhgen, Denmrk, June Compring Biomss Qulity (for Bio-Dust Comustion Purpose) of Poplr nd Willow mong Genotypes nd within Shoots BIT's 3rd Annul World Congress of Bioenergy, April 2013

17 Future work Willow storge smples re tken i-monthly throughout This ctivity hs een postponed one yer ccording to the Gntt chrt. Hrvest of poplr clone experiment Decemer 2013 Anlysis of new iomss smples y ICP-OES will continue throughout Totl sh content will e determined on ll smples. Determintion of Cl nd S y IC is ongoing Anlyses of AU smples t DTU? (sh deformtion nd melting temperture, STA comined with GCMS or FTIR)