Fundamentals of Energy Statistics

Transcription

1 Fundamentals of Energy Statistics IEA Energy Statistics Training Week IEA, Paris, 29 February 4 March 2016 Manos Christinakis Non Member Countries Energy Data Centre

2 Basic concepts in Energy Statistics Supply & demand breakdown Basic conversions Calorific values The weighted average Transformation & energy sector own use Main activity producers & autoproducers

3 The 5 Joint Annual Questionnaires 3 organisations 1 set of questionnaires 5 different fuel categories but many concepts in common

4 The 5 Joint Annual Questionnaires DATA ENTRY MENU Control the integrity and coherence of your entries: Run the "Check data" program. Check data DATA ENTRY IN TIME SERIES FORMS Anthracite Coking Coal Coke Oven Coke Gas Coke Blast Furnace Gas Other Recovered Gases Please select the year and click on the form Bituminous Coal Coal Tar Peat Table 1 Sub-bituminous Coal BKB Peat Products Table 2 Lignite Gas Works Gas Oil shale and oil sands Table 3 Patent Fuel Coke Oven Gas Table 4 ASCII DATA TRANSFERS Remarks Import Export Tip : press Ctrl+M to come back to this page from anywhere

5 Supply & demand breakdown Supply side Demand side Stock build Transformation or Exports stock draw Losses Marketed production Total final consumption Imports Statistical difference Industry From other sources International marine & aviation bunkers Energy sector Transport Residential, commercial, agriculture etc. Non-energy use

6 Basic conversions Energy statistics involve various units Mass: kg, ton, kt, lb Volume: L, bbl, gal, m 3 Energy: TJ, ktoe, ktce, GWh, kcal, BTU How to convert from one to another? Between the same quantities, we always use a constant!

7 Basic conversions Remember! Kilo Mega Giga Tera kt = ton 1 ton = kg 1 kt = kg ALWAYS! 1 bbl 159 L 1 m 3 = 1000 L 1 GWh = 3.6 TJ 1 ktoe = TJ 1 ktce = 0.7 ktoe

8 Basic conversions - example Convert 5 ktoe to GWh 1 GWh = 3.6 TJ 1 ktoe = TJ 5 ktoe TJ ktoe = TJ TJ / 3.6 TJ GWh = GWh

9 Calorific values Majority of data collected in physical units (e.g. kt) How do we convert to energy (e.g. ktoe)? Calorific value: The heat (energy) obtained from one unit of fuel when combusted Indicates the quality of the fuel Expressed in kj/kg, MJ/ton, kj/m 3 for gas Should be within expected ranges, also depending on quality Bituminous coal Kazakhstan: kj/kg Bituminous coal New Zealand: kj/kg 2 different calorific values Gross Calorific Value (GCV) Net Calorific Value (NCV)

10 Calorific values When a fuel is combusted, water vapour is produced, but its energy rarely can be used for energy purposes GCV L H2O vap NCV Difference between GCV and NCV approximately: NCV = 90% of GCV for natural gas NCV = 95% of GCV for oil NCV = 95% of GCV for coal Water vapour phase shift (non-recoverable energy) Useful heat

11 Calorific values - Example A country produces 2 bcm of Natural Gas Its GCV is kj/m 3 What is its gross energy content? First, we convert the GCV to more convenient units: Then: Or: kj m 3 = kj 10 9 m 3 = TJ bcm 2 bcm TJ bcm = TJ (gross energy content) 76000TJ 90% = TJ (net energy content)

12 The weighted average A country has 2 coal mines, A & B A B Mine A produced 100 kt with NCV A = kj/kg Mine B produced 100 kt with NCV B = kj/kg NCV TOT =??? kj/kg But what if: A Mine A produced 400 kt with NCV A = kj/kg Mine B produced 100 kt with NCV B = kj/kg NCV TOT =??? B

13 The weighted average Mine A: 400 kt kj/kg Mine B: 100 kt kj/kg Most of the coal is of the higher-quality mine This has to be reflected in the average NCV NCV TOT = NCV A PROD A + NCV B PROD B PROD A + PROD B NCV TOT = kj kj kt kg kg 100kt 400kt + 100kt = kj kg Generic formula: CV TOT = i (CVi Quantityi) i (Quantityi)

14 Transformation & energy sector own use Similar flows - what is the difference? Transformation: Inputs to transformation processes from one form of energy to another E.g. coal to electricity Energy sector: Fuel used to support energy industry activities

15 Transformation & energy sector own use Input to transformation Oil refineries: Crude oil gets transformed into secondary oil products that we can use Input: Crude oil Output: Oil products Fuel is needed to keep the refinery running! Fuel oil, refinery gas, etc. Energy sector own use Fuel oil

16 Main activity producers & autoproducers Table 2a - Consumption Country Menu Terajoules Inland demand (Total consumption) Transformation sector Main activity producer electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity producer CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main activity producer heat plants Autoproducer heat plants Gas works (Transformation) Coke ovens (Transformation) Blast furnaces (Transformation) Gas-to-liquids (GTL) plants (Transformation) Main activity producer plants Not elsewhere specified (Transformation) Energy sector Coal mines Facility generating electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties as their primary activity Oil and gas extraction Oil refineries Coke ovens (Energy) Blast furnaces (Energy) Gas works (Energy) Electricity, CHP and heat plants Autoproducers Liquefaction (LNG) / regasification plants Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) plants (Energy) Not elsewhere specified (Transformation) Facility generating electricity and/or heat wholly or partially for their own use as support to their primary activity Distribution losses Total final consumption (2ii+2iii) 0 0 0

17 Main activity producers & autoproducers Main activity producer plants Regardless of whether they are state or privately owned In practice, any plant called a power plant or heat plant! Autoproducers Regardless of whether they are state or privately owned E.g.: Steel mill, paper mill, waste recycling facilities, etc

18 Thank you!