Corrosion Problems and Solutions in Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry

Transcription

1 Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality 32 Corrosion Problems and Solutions in Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry Bearbeitet von Alec Groysman 1. Auflage Buch. XXIV, 356 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Maschinenbau Allgemein > Tribologie Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents 1 Process Units in Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Plants Crude Distillation Unit Cracking Hydroprocessing Catalytic Reforming Supporting Processes Petrochemical Plant... 7 References Physicochemical Properties of Crude Oils Physicochemical Composition of Crude Oils Corrosiveness of Crude Oils Determination of Crude Oil Corrosiveness Case Study References Physicochemical Basics of Corrosion at Refineries Units Low-Temperature Corrosion Factors Influencing Low-Temperature Corrosion High-Temperature Corrosion References Corrosion Problems and Solutions at Oil Refinery and Petrochemical Units Corrosion by Sulfur Compounds Sulfidic Corrosion Case Studies Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Acidity of Crude Oils and Distillate Fractions Problems Caused by Naphthenic Acids Mechanism and Factors Influencing Naphthenic Acid Corrosion xv

3 xvi Contents Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Control Monitoring of Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Conclusion Case Study Hydrogen Damages Low-Temperature Hydrogen Attack (LTHA) High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) Monitoring Methods of Low- and High-Temperature Hydrogen Attack Case Studies of Hydrogen Damages Corrosion by Amine Solutions Case Studies Failure of the Reboiler at the HDS Unit Corrosion of Inner Surface of Stripping Tower (HDS Unit) Impingement Attack in Heat Exchanger with Amine Solution Corrosion of Pipe for the Transporting of Gaseous Mixture from the Absorber (HDS Unit) References Corrosion Failures and Solutions at Units Vacuum Distillation System Corrosion Control in Vacuum Overhead System Case Studies Hydrodesulfurizer (HDS) Case Studies Visbreaker Case Studies: Corrosion of Heat Exchangers Petrochemical Plant Case Studies Pipes Case Studies Auxiliary Facilities Flare Disposal System Case Studies Tanks Case Studies Water Systems Case Studies References

4 Contents xvii 6 Corrosion Phenomena Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) Case Studies Corrosion and Deposits in the Oil Cooler of Turbo-Generator (Power Station) Erosion Corrosion and Cavitation Case Studies Corrosion Fatigue and Thermal Fatigue Case Studies Galling Case Study Galling of Blower Axis (CCR Unit) References Fouling, Corrosion, and Cleaning Fouling Mechanism Problems Arising from Fouling Control Methods of Fouling in Organic Media Fouling and Its Control in Cooling Water Systems Cleaning Procedure Mechanical Cleaning Chemical Cleaning Preoperational Cleaning and Passivation Safety and Environment General Recommendations for Implementation of Cleaning Conclusions References Corrosion Control at Oil Refinery Units Materials Compatible with Corrosive Media Use of Titanium in the Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry Conclusions Treatment and Change the Environment Diminishing the Concentration of Corrosive Substances in Streams Use of Corrosion Inhibitors Corrosion Monitoring Corrosion Monitoring at the Overhead of the Crude Distillation System Corrosion Monitoring in Petrochemical Plant References

5 xviii Contents 9 Corrosion Management Corrosion Failures Thermodynamic Possibility and Inevitability of Corrosion Kinetics of Corrosion Knowledge Management and Human Factor in Oil Refining Industry Education and Knowledge Transfer Human Factor Corrosion as a Hazard Risk-Based Inspection Conclusion References Appendices Appendix A: Schematic of a Typical Oil Refinery Appendix B: Physicochemical Properties of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products Appendix C: Hydrochloric Acid in Refinery Units Appendix D: Physicochemical Properties of Sulfur Compounds Appendix E: Physicochemical Properties of Alkalis Appendix F: Chemical Composition of Alloys Appendix G: Hydrogen Appendix H: Metallographic Replication of Heat Exchanger Surface (Case Study ) Appendix I: Recommended Procedure for Passivation of Cooling Water Systems Appendix J: Fouling and Corrosion Appendix K: Chemical Cleaning from Fouling Appendix L: Boil-Out Procedure (Chemical Cleaning and Passivation of Inner Surfaces of Boiler and Steam Pipelines) Glossary Index

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