Landolt-Börnstein: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology - New Series 2A1. Metals and Magnets

Transcription

1 Landolt-Börnstein: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology - New Series 2A1 Metals and Magnets Bearbeitet von Volker Behrens, Paul Beiss, B Commandeur, John J Dunkley, Hideki Harada, Nanao Horiishi, Klaus Hummert, Patricia Jansson, Gerhard Kientopf, David F Lupton, Bernhard Mais, Hilmar Müller, Rolf Müller, Taku Murase, Hartmut Nagel, Peter Neumann, Rolf Ruthardt, Lothar Schneider, Claus Spiegelhauer, Shigeru Takaragi, Hans Warlimont, Wolfgang Weise 1. Auflage Buch. xiv, 551 S. ISBN Format (B x L): 19,3 x 27 cm Gewicht: 1719 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Technik Allgemein > Physik, Chemie für Ingenieure schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Landolt-Börnstein GROUP VIII: Advanced Materials and Technologies VOLUME 2 Powder Metallurgy Data SUBVOLUME A1 Metals and Magnets Title Page, Authors, Preface Title Page Preface Contributors 1 Introduction (P. BEISS, R. RUTHARDT, H. WARLIMONT) 1 2 Metal powders (J.J. DUNKLEY, B. MAIS, R. RUTHARDT) Introduction Production technology Oxide reduction Electrolysis Introduction Electrodeposition of copper powder basic considerations Electrodeposition of copper powder industrial realisation Further processing steps Thermal decomposition Atomisation Basic considerations Gas and air atomisation Water atomisation Economics of atomisation Alloying methods Powder characterisation Metal powder types and data Iron base powders Copper base powders References for Forming (P. BEISS) Introduction Uniaxial compaction in rigid dies Die compaction of powders with green strength Newer developments and emerging technologies in die compaction Die compaction with consolidation Powder forging Isostatic and pseudoisostatic compaction Cold isostatic pressing Hot isostatic pressing 63

3 3.3.3 Pseudo-HIP processes STAMP process Consolidation by atmospheric pressure Rapid omnidirectional compaction Ceracon process Ceramic mold process Forming of binder treated powders Metal injection molding Binder assisted extrusion Slip casting and wet powder processing Tape Casting Spray forming Billets Claddings and ring shapes Preforms, slabs and strips Continuous forming Powder rolling Conform extrusion Gravity sintering Billet processing and hot working Conclusions References for Semifinished products Hot isostatically pressed tool steels (P. BEISS, G. KIENTOPF) Heat treatment Alloying effects Chemical composition Microstructure Mechanical properties Physical properties References for Spray forming (K. HUMMERT, H. MÜLLER, C. SPIEGELHAUER) Copper alloys Materials for sliding applications Machinable materials High strength materials Anisotropy Aluminum Alloys High strength alloys (7xxx series) Elevated temperature alloys (2xxx series) Wear resistant alloys (4xxx series) Tool steels References for

4 5. Structural mass production parts (P. BEISS) Introduction Manufacturing route Iron and steel Raw materials Data evaluation Elastic properties Hardness and tensile properties Unalloyed iron Binary alloys Ternary alloys Quaternary alloys Higher order alloys 167 Fig. 6 - Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Impact Energy Fatigue strength Effect of density in the as-sintered condition Stress concentrations Effect of heat treatments Effect of mean stress Miscellaneous relationships Rolling contact fatigue Thermophysical properties Thermal expansion and density Specific heat Thermal conductivity Thermal diffusivity Non-ferrous materials Copper and copper alloys Aluminum alloys Summary References for Metal injection moulding (R. MÜLLER) Introduction Technology Process outline Powder and feedstock Powder Binder systems Feedstock Moulding Introduction 357

5 Moulding equipment Requirements and possibilities Moulding conditions Debinding Sintering Introduction Equipment Sinter Regime Final treatment Materials Properties Tolerances and criteria of MIM processing MIM defects Applications Comparison of technological alternatives References for Powder metallurgical filters (P. BEISS, P. NEUMANN) Introduction Materials and production of metal filters Bronze powder products Stainless steel and nickel base powder products Stainless steel fiber products Characterization of metallic filtration materials Mechanical strength and density Permeability Average CCE pore diameter Bubble test pore size Pore size distribution Filtration efficiency Data Tables for Figures for References for Friction materials (L. SCHNEIDER) Introduction Raw materials used in the production of friction materials Base materials Solid state lubricants Friction modifiers Production methods Pressing techniques Spreading techniques Properties and applications 413

6 8.4.1 Friction material requirements Methods of friction testing Applications under dry condition Railway applications Applications under wet conditions References for Magnetic materials Introduction (H. WARLIMONT) Soft magnetic sintered and composite materials (P. JANSSON) Introduction Sintered soft magnetic materials Sintered soft magnetic iron Sintered soft magnetic iron/phosphorous Sintered soft magnetic iron/silicon Sintered soft magnetic iron/silicon/phosphorous Sintered soft magnetic iron/tin/phosphorous Sintered soft magnetic iron/nickel Sintered soft magnetic iron/ chromium Sintered soft magnetic iron/cobalt Processing operations Composite soft magnetic materials Soft magnetic iron composites for low to medium frequency Soft magnetic composites for medium to high frequency Soft magnetic ferrites (T. MURASE) Hard magnetic sintered and bonded materials Introduction (H. WARLIMONT) Alnico Co-Sm (H. NAGEL) /1 type magnets /2 type magnets Fe - Nd - B Mn - Al - C (H. HARADA) Hard magnetic ferrites Bonded magnets (N. HORIISHI, S. TAKARAGI) Introduction Hexagonal ferrite, MOFe12O18(M:Ba,Sr) base Nd2Fe14B base Al-Ni-Fe base isotropic magnets References for Contact materials (V. BEHRENS, W. WEISE) Introduction Symbols and abbreviations used in chapter

7 10.3 Composites based on Silver Silver/nickel and silver/iron Silver metal oxides Silver/ tin oxide Silver/Cadmium Oxide Silver/zinc oxide Silver/graphite and copper/graphite Silver/tungsten, silver/tungsten carbide and silver/molybdenum Switching behaviour of silver based materials in air Composites based on copper Copper/tungsten Copper/tungsten carbide Copper/chromium and copper/iron Switching behaviour of copper based composites Switching in SF6 atmosphere, oil or air Switching in vacuum Composites based on graphite Sliding contacts Pure metals References for Beryllium (D. F. LUPTON) Introduction Characteristic properties Occurrence, refining and production processes Material classes Applications Data Safety and health References for