Changing Global Sustainability Requirements Increasingly Necessitate Stainless Steel. Catherine Houska TMR Consulting May 27, 2015

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2 Changing Glbal Sustainability Requirements Increasingly Necessitate Stainless Steel Catherine Huska TMR Cnsulting May 27, 2015

3 Defining Sustainability - Requirements Increased requirements fr energy and water savings Gvernment actin Energy reductin & lngevity fcused Legislatin, regulatin, executive rders Incentives & penalties ften tax related Chinese gvernment 50% energy reductin Building cdes Additinal requirements & ptinal prvisins Example -Internatinal Green Cnstructin Cde (IgCC)

4 Defining Sustainability! Mst widely used vluntary systems! LEED, BREEAM, Green Star! Mst widely used - US Green Building Cuncil LEED! Over 150 cuntries, 50,000 cmmercial prjects, 34,000 residential prjects! Abut 158,000 m 2 LEED certified daily! 94 Green Building Cuncils glbally! Internatinal specificatins and guides! ISO, ASHREA, ASTM E60, EN, etc.! Defining sustainable manufacturing prcesses, materials, and cnstructin 1 Wrld Trade Center OutkuType 316 Linen Gld LEED expected

5 LEED Cnstructin in New Yrk City 21 recent and under cnstructin buildings with stainless steel exterirs Gldman Sachs 250 West 55 th St 1 WTC 7 Bryant Park 15/06/15 5

6 Private Investment In the US, >17,000 cmpanies build green Lwer perating csts Imprved asset value Imprved prductivity & health Recent cde changes mean little initial cst difference Prcter & Gamble certifies all new cnstructin t LEED Manufacturing, distributin centers & ffice buildings Class A ffice space = green Leases $ is 20% abve average P & G LEED Certified factry in China

7 Increased Emphasis n Lngevity Whle Building Life Cycle Assessment Minimum prject life requirements ASTM E60 uses 75 years LEED & BREEAM use 60 years Material LCI x # replacements Mre crrsive urban envirnments Develpment in high pllutin & castal areas Increased use f deicing salt & mre crrsive types Mre crrsin resistant materials are needed US Federal Curthuse US Gld LEED 100 year life

8 Why Is Stainless Steel Inherently Sustainable? Lngevity Mst crrsin resistant metal cmmnly used in cnstructin years Rating systems, cdes and wners are requiring materials that last 60, 75 r 100 years High recycled cntent Glbal average = 60%, Outkumpu = 85% Diverted frm landfills 92% f stainless steel building and cnstructin waste is made int new steel Infinitely recyclable sustainable resurce Chrysler building, 85 years ld

9 Stainless Steel Prvides Lng Life Chrysler 1930 Savy Htel Canpy 1929 Shakaden Temple 1975 Empire State 1931 Thyssenhaus 1956 Gateway Arch, 1965

10 Other Cmmn Metals Have Shrter Service Life & Mre Maintenance Peeling painted aluminum rf, 25 years Peeling painted carbn steel Peeling painted aluminum Flrida, <10 yrs

11 Recycled Cntent % Recycled at End f Service Life Carbn Steel Sheet/strip ** 70 Structural 95 ** 97 Stainless Steel 70-90** 92* Zinc 23 ** 33 Cpper Electrical wire 0 * >90 Other prducts * >90 Aluminum Sheet 0 * 70 Extrusins Varies * 70 Castings 100 * 70 15/06/15 11

12 Energy Savings - Sunscreens Material lngevity required Calculating energy savings COMFEN (US gvernment) Other sphisticated mdeling sftware systems are available New cnstructin and existing buildings Mdernizing appearance Reducing energy use All prduct frms fr screens and structural supprts Green (Plant) Screens

13 COMFEN Building Analysis Eastern Michigan University, USA Wven mesh sunscreens, 35% pen area US Department f Energy free COMFEN sftware predicted energy reductin Nrthern climate, air temperature 24 C Building exterir temperature 34.4 C n shading 27.8 C with shading

14 % diff. frm Base Case cmpares the ttal energy savings 35% pen area (30.45%) r 50% pen area (24.20%) Curtesy GKD

15 September 11 Museum Building, New Yrk Passive perfrated Type 316 rf and wall sunscreen cladding Tw finishes t create pattern Glass bead blasted and mirrr plished

16 Dubai Beach Site Crrsin Rates Can Predict Rf Perfratin Metal Crrsin Rate Dubai Castal Inch/year SMACNA Thickness Inch Time T Perfratin, Yrs 2205 Duplex* Galvanized steel** Aluminum Zinc*** Less than 1 Cpper * Type 304/316 guidance was used. Lighter gage maybe pssible. ** A G140 cating (0.001 inch) was assumed t have delayed carbn steel crrsin by 1 year based n zinc crrsin rates, this may nt be accurate. *** Zinc thickness fr a duble rlled standing seam

17 image by snøhetta King Abdulaziz Center fr Wrld Culture Saudi Arabia cast under cnstructin Very crrsive envirnment Highly crrsin resistant Duplex 2205 sunscreen Outkumpu s crrsin research guided specificatin

18 Reducing Energy Use Rfing Slar Reflective Index (SRI) required fr LEED and sme cdes LEED v4 tightened requirements Minimal SRI deteriratin allwed Stainless steel meets minimum requirements and has n deteriratin Pittsburgh Cnventin Center (2003) Was Gld LEED Recertified LEED Platinum Existing Building 2/3% less water 29%less energy

19 SRI Values f Rf Materials Prduct Temperature Rise, at C (F) Slar Reflective Index Stainless Steel, bare 27 (48 F) Galvanized steel, new bare 30 (55 F) 46 Aluminum, new bare 27 (48 F) 56 Any metal, white cating 9 (16 F) 107 Clay tile, red 32 (5 8F) 36 Cncrete tile, red 39 (71 F) 17 Cncrete, white dirty 37 (67 F) 22 Cncrete, new white 12 (21 F) 90 Asphalt, generic white 36 (64 F) 26 Asphalt, generic black 46 (82 F) 1 Wd shingle, brwn 37 (67 F) 22 Wd shingle, white 6 (10 F) 106

20 Vegetated Rf Supprt Structure Renz Pian Building Wrkshp, Paul Klee Center Berne Undulating shape mimics the hills Type 316 rf trays are used t create vegetated rf

21 Reducing Ptable Water Use Minimizing ptable water use Capturing and using rain and air cnditining cndensate water In-building r n-site waste water treatment plants Stainless plumbing and water tanks

22 Interir Finishes Many cmmn building materials release emissins Reducing these creates a healthier envirnment Bare uncated metal has n emissins Scttish Parliament Building

23 Outkumpu - A Wrld Leader In Sustainable Stainless Steel Prductin Outkumpu s stainless steel cntains 84% recycled cntent 32% pst cnsumer 52% pre-cnsumer Crprate cmmitment t sustainability UN Glbal Cmpact signatry High recycled cntent Less energy & mre sustainable surces Cmmitment t respnsible surcing 15/06/15 23

24 Sustainability Resurces Using Outkumpu s stainless steel can increase LEED pints and mean the difference between Silver and Gld LEED status fr a large applicatin Outkumpu website Sustainability sectin Select LEED Bx Envirnmental Prduct Declaratins (EPD) All prduct frms Outkumpu is the nly prducer wh has them LEED Fact Sheet = Recycled Cntent, Diversin frm Landfills, etc. Outkumpu LEED pint advantage summary 15/06/15 24

25 LEED Fact Sheet Custmer infrmatin cncerning LEED Green Building Rating Systems 8 April 2014 The LEED system (Leadership in Energy and Envirnmental Design) was develped in 2000 and it is a glbally recgnized symbl f excellence in green buildings. It is perated by the Green Building Cuncils as vluntary certificatin systems fr envirnmental friendly buildings. LEED addresses the fllwing tpics: Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy & Atmsphere, Material & Resurces, Indr Envirnmental Quality, and Innvatin & Design Prcess. Fr mre infrmatin abut LEED visit This dcument gives examples f sustainability aspects f Outkumpu s stainless steel prducts that culd be relevant fr LEED rating. LEED MR Credit - Building and Material Reuse Due t their durability, stainless steel building prducts can usually be reused during renvatins. LEED MR Credit - Whle-Building Life-Cycle Assessment Life Cycle Data fr Stainless Steel exist bth at industry average level and Outkumpu has specific data fr its wn prducts. Due t its durability, stainless steel usually des nt have t be replaced during the 60 year service time. Als the maintenance need is lw. LEED MR Credit Prduct Declaratins Outkumpu prvides prduct specific Envirnmental Prduct Declaratins which cnfrm t ISO and EN and have at least a cradle t gate scpe. Outkumpu stainless steel has an impact belw industry average in at least three impact Life Cycle Assessment Impact categries; Glbal Warming Ptential, Acidificatin Ptential, and Eutrphicatin Ptential 15/06/15 25

26 Sustainability Resurces Cnstructin Other key dcuments are available BREEAM Fact Sheet and thers Life Cycle Inventry (LCI) data Very few prducers prvide this glbally - Outkumpu has the best numbers = less pllutin + higher recycled cntent UN Glbal Cmpact dcumentatin Stainless Steel August 2011 BREEAM Green Building KPIs BREEAM is the UK's Envirnmental Assessment Methd fr Buildings, develped by BRE. The first versins f BREEAM were published in the early 1990's and high perfrmance within BREEAM has been an UK gvernment requirement fr publicly funded buildings since arund BREEAM cvers different aspects f the building's impact, including sme scial and ecnmic criteria, althugh the main fcus is n envirnmental aspects: Management, Health & Wellbeing, Energy, Transprt, Water, Materials, Waste, Land Use & Eclgy, and Pllutin. The sustainability aspects listed as fllws are identified t be relevant fr Outkumpu's stainless steel prducts. BREEAM Credit: Man 3 - Cnstructin Site Impacts Outkumpu mnitrs, reprts and sets targets fr CO₂ r energy arising frm transprt t custmers. BREEAM Credit: Man 4 - Building User Guide At the end-f-life, Outkumpu's stainless steel can be used as recycling material with an assumed 92% recycling rate (ttal rate including recvery rate and recycling yield). BREEAM Credit: Mat 5 - Respnsible surcing f materials Outkumpu runs an Envirnmental Management System n all prductin sites fr key prcesses and supply chain prcesses. BREEAM Credit: Wst 1 - Cnstructin site waste management Outkumpu supprts recllectin f cnstructin site stainless steel waste. The waste is re-used / recycled by scrap cllectrs. 15/06/15 26

27 LEED Pint Summary LEED classificatins (110 pts pssible) pts Certified pts LEED Silver pts LEED Gld 80+ pints LEED Platinum Released Nvember 2013 Credit descriptin Mandatry Optinal Outkumpu All SS Sustainable sites Heat island reductin (2pts) Nn rf measures sun screens and vegetated screen supprts High reflectance rf Materials & resurces Building life-cycle impact reductin (up t 5 pts) Existing structure reuse structure, envelpe, interir nn structural OR material reuse (2-4 pts) OR whle building life cycle assessment (60 yrs min life) (LCI data available) (3 pts) Cnstructin & demlitin waste management (2 pts) Envirnmental prduct declaratins (2 pts) EPD fr at least 20 permanently installed 15/06/15 27

28 LEED Pint Summary LEED classificatins (110 pts pssible) pts Certified pts LEED Silver pts LEED Gld 80+ pints LEED Platinum Released Nvember 2013 Credit descriptin Mandatry Optinal Outkumpu All SS Envirnmental prduct declaratins (2 pts) Sustainable sites EPD fr at least 20 permanently installed prducts (1 pt) And/r multiple attribute ptimizatin 3rd party certified impact belw industry avg (1 pt) Surcing f raw materials (2 pts) Raw material surce and extractin reprting (1 pt) (UN glbal cmpact signatry) And/r leadership extractin practices (use at least 25% by cst f materials that meet requirements recycled cntent) Material ingredients (2 pts) Material certificatin (1 pt) Prduct mfg supply chain ptimizatin (1 pt) Material ingredient ptimizatin (1 pt) Indr envirnment quality Lw emitting materials (3 pts) metal is recgnized as n emissin material 15/06/15 28

29 Cnclusins Changing glbal sustainability & ppulatin grwth trends are increasing pprtunities fr stainless steel Mre crrsin resistant resistant grades will be needed Outkumpu is the wrld s mst sustainable steel prducer Additinal LEED pints can be btained by using Outkumpu s stainless steel 15/06/15 29