RANGELAND PASTURE MONITORING: ACTIVITIES IN EASTERN PLAINS OF COLOMBIA. Mauricio Álvarez de León, M.Sc Miguel Andrés Arango Argoti, Ph.

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1 RANGELAND PASTURE MONITORING: ACTIVITIES IN EASTERN PLAINS OF COLOMBIA Mauricio Álvarez de León, M.Sc Miguel Andrés Arango Argoti, Ph.D Workshop of GEO Rangeland and Pastures Productivity Monitoring (GEOGLAM RAPP)Community of Practice. Expert Meeting on Pasture Analysis and Remote Sensing July 20-22, 2015, at the Matiz Hotel, in Campinas, São Paulo State (Brazil)

2 Rangeland Pasture Monitoring: Activities In Eastern Plains of Colombia 1. Region general characteristics 2. Dimension of the rangelands and pasture degradation problems. 3. Research activities in the region. Past and present. 4. Our expectation from this initiative

3 Livestock Numbers Regional Cattle stock National cattle stock % 20% 35% Casanare Meta Arauca Vichada TOTAL % 14% 15% (Fedegan, 2013) 39% Nacional 69% Orinoquia Ceba Cría Doble Propósito Lechería Especializada Fuente: Estadísticas FEDEGAN (2014)

4 ORINOCO HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN Flooded savanna: Area: ha Dissected high plains: Area : ha Slope: > 30% Piedmont: Area: has Rain forest High plains: Area: Source: Mosaico Imágenes de satélite Landsat

5 Hours/month Precipitation (mm) Climate 600 Precipitation (mm) Arauca Villavicencio ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC Sunshine duration(total total hr/month) Villavo Arauca Meses Yopal Pto Carreño Yopal Pto Carreño ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC Months Source: IDEAM, 2005

6 Soil chemical properties Parameter Piedmont High plains Flooded savanna ph M.O. (%) P (ppm) Ca (me/100g) Mg (me/100 g) K (me/100 g) B (ppm) Cu (ppm) Zn (ppm) Fe (ppm) Mn (ppm) Saturación Al (%) Database source, Animal science research group, Corpoica, C.I. La Libertad

7 Soil physical properties Depth (cm) High plains soil profile Bulk density (Mg/m 3 ) CERRADOS Native Cerrado Conventional tillage HIGH PLAINS Native savanna Degraded pasture Soil formation: Transported sediments from the Andes mountains Highly weathered soils Clay content 5-35% (kaolinitic)

8 WHAT ARE THE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE DEGRATED PASTURES AND SAVANNAS? 1. Where are the degraded pastures? 2. What is the magnitude of the problem? 3. What are the solutions proposed?

9 Why Is Grassland Degradation A Problem In Our Region? 1.4 million hectares cultivated in the Colombian plains. 50% of these pastures suffer from degradation, according to Corpoica Solving the problema will have economic, social, and environmental impacts

10 Research activities in the region CORPOICA Research stations located in the Orinoquia ASA C.I. LA LIBERTAD Talum a C.I CARIMAGUA

11 Research activities in the region Remote sensing from satellite Methods to identify pasture degradation through remote sensing using vegetation indices 1. Study area: Research Station Carimagua and agricultural areas nearby Puerto Lopez. 2. It was used three images per location (SPOT 4 y Landsat 7). Constrained by the availability of appropriated images. Covered two stages of the hydrometeorological cycle. SPOT 432, Aug 99 SPOT 432, Feb 2000 Landsat ETM 543, Jan 2000

12 Remote sensing from satellite Methods to identify pasture degradation through remote sensing using vegetation indices Space-division PVI BRI in cover classes and land use in one day (Image) Time series of multispectral images

13 Final thoughts about the previous work To reach a high level of certainty on cover and land use classification as well as aspects of pasture degradation, it is imperative to observe that event over time series ofimages. The cover and soil use classification from images in the eastern plain of Colombia had limitation due to cloud cover during the rainy season. The type of degradation as a result of low vegetation cover (bare soil) can be identified by the vegetation index proposed at regional level. The detection of weed infestation could be reach at local level as long as the image processing is integrated with detailed information regarding the production systems and field evaluations. It was shown that this tool is useful in land use studies.

14 DEPARTAMENTO VICHADA O. PACIFICO Developing environmental eco-efficiency indicators. (Rodriguez, N., et al ; Lavelle et al ) COLOMBIA MAR CARIBE META 75 Sistemas (225 Puntos Muestreo) VENEZUELA Maní Orocue ECUADOR PERU BRASIL Puerto López Puerto Gaitán DEPARTAMENTO CASANARE Puerto López Cabuyaro Caucho MUNICIPIO PUERTO LOPEZ Puerto Gaitán Taluma, Casandra y Penjamo Sabana Nativa MUNICIPIO PUERTO GAITÁN Gran Chaparral (Mónica) y Cosargo Soya Arroz Sabana Mejorada Sabana Nativa Soya MUNICIPIO SAN MARTIN Sabana Nativa Caucho Arroz

15 Developing environmental eco-efficiency indicators. STRUCTURAL STABILITY NATURAL SAVANNA ANNUAL CROPS RUBER PASTURE SOIL HYDRAULIC FUNCTIONS BIODIVERSITY SOIL FERTILITY

16 Current Research activities Integrating agricultural and arboreal components production to cattle breeding system Live fences Row-planted trees Shadow areas Defining alternative food and nutrition to improve the productive response of bovine breeding system in the eastern plains of Colombia Fresh forages Conserved forages

17 Forage production (kg ha -1 ) in pastures Llanero and Toledo Determining the productive and reproductive performance of cattle breeding production. Parameters Base Period Lot 1 Lot Weaningweight (kg) >180 First service age (month) > <25 First calving age > <36 Average weight first service(kg) >320 Livestock(UA/ha) < >1.5

18 Monitoring greenhouse gas emissions and C stocks Soil sampling Chamber for air sampling Combining remote sensing and eddy covariance data to monitor biomass production Eddy covariance system

19 Experimental Research Area on Precision Agriculture Photographic Mosaics obtained with the RGB and RGB-NIR modified cameras mounted on a platform at an altitude of 350 meters

20 Terrestrial radiometry techniques for generation of soil and land cover spectral libraries

21 What CORPOICA can offer to support the efforts of GEOCLAM? CORPOICA has the research station Carimagua where there are advances in the monitoring of pasture productivity. Corpoica -Carimagua is carrying out several projects in livestock production that are focused on the monitoring of the soil-plant-animal relationship. The projects involve remote sensing based on satellite as well as unconventional aerial platforms. Corpoica-Carimagua has the infrastructure and logistics needed for this kind of research What would we expect from this new GEO initiative? Support for acquiring images (Optics and radar) needed for continuing our research endeavors Knowledge from other experiences using unmanaged aerial platforms and board sensors Support in the image processing

22 Savannas: The Last Frontiers

23 References. Rippstein,Gand Girad, C. (1994) Characteristics of the Study and inventory project of the vegetation of the eastern plains of Colombia. Pasturas Tropicales. Vol. 16. No 2. Beaulieu N., Alvarez de León M. y Rincon A. (2006) Pasture degradation detection using temporal series of multispectral images from the Eastern plains of Colombia (Original in Spanish). Corpoica. Boletin de Investigación No. 8, 42 p. Rodriguez, N., Lavelle, P. et al. (2013) Developing eco-efficiency indicators to the Eastern high plains in the municipalities of Puerto Lopez and Puerto Gaitan, Colombia. Corpoica. Boletín de Investigación No. 19, 39 p. Rodríguez, A., Rubiano, Y., et al. (2013). Vegetation cover and land use from the Eastern high plains in the municipalities Puerto Lopez and Puerto Gaitan of Colombia. Scale 1: Corpoica. Boletín de Investigación No. 18, 30 p. Lavelle, P., Rodríguez, N., et al. (2014) Soil ecosystem services and land use in the rapidly changing Orinoco River Basin of Colombia. Ag. Ecosys. and Env. Vol. 185,

24 Mauricio Álvarez de León Researcher M.Sc Miguel Andres Arango Argoti Researcher Ph.D

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