Contents. Part I Optical Thin Films and Metamaterials

Transcription

1 Contents Part I Optical Thin Films and Metamaterials 1 Thin Film Optical Coatings Cheng-Chung Lee 1.1 Introduction Extra-High Reflection Coating with Negative Extinction Coefficient Narrow Band Pass Filter for Optical Communication with the Half-Peak Bandwidth in Order of Nanometer Antireflection Coating (AR Coating) Coatings with Negative Refractive Index Layer Optical Monitoring In Situ Sensitive Optical Monitoring with Error Compensation (ISMEC) Optical Monitoring and Real Time Admittance Loci Calculation Through Dynamic Interferometer Optical Monitoring Using Admittance Diagram Broadband Monitoring Through Equivalent Optical Admittance Loci Observation Reflection Coefficient Monitoring Through Broadband Spectrum Summary References Metamaterials and Transformation Optics Pi-Gang Luan 2.1 Introduction Negative Refraction, Flat Lens, and Perfect Lens Photonic Crystals and Subwavelength Imaging Resonance, Constraints, and Metamaterials Indefinite Media/Hyperbolic Metamaterials and Hyperlens ix

2 x Contents 2.6 Invisibility Cloak and Transformation Optics Summary References Part II Progress in Short-Pulse Yb-doped Fiber Oscillators and Amplifiers 3 Progress in Short-Pulse Yb-Doped Fiber Oscillators and Amplifiers Ci-Ling Pan, Alexey Zaytsev, Chih-Hsuan Lin and Yi-Jing You 3.1 Introduction The MOPA Approach to High-Power Short-Pulse Yb-Doped Fiber Lasers Theoretical Analysis and System Design Picosecond Laser Seeder Multi-Stage Fiber Laser Amplifiers MOPA Performance Mode-Locked Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Noise-Like Pulse Generation from a YDF Laser Supercontinum Generation by the Noise-Like Pulsed YDF Laser Nonlinear Conversion of Picosecond Bursts from Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Amplifiers Conclusions References Part III Optical Communications 4 Visible Light Communication Chi-Wai Chow and Chien-Hung Yeh 4.1 Worldwide VLC Activities Different Technical Aspects of VLC Enhancing Transmission Data Rate Mitigation of Optical Background Noises Bi-Directional Transmission Using AC-LED for VLC Summary References Fiber-Wireless Communication Hai-Han Lu and Ching-Hung Chang 5.1 Development Progress on Fiber-Wireless Communications WDM Visible Light Communication Systems

3 Contents xi 5.3 Integrating FTTH and Free-Space VLC Transport Systems Integrating OFDM FTTH and Free-Space VLC Transmission Optimizing FTTH and Free-Space VLC Integration System Long-Haul SMF and Optical Free-Space Transmissions Summary References Colorless Laser Diodes for DWDM-PON Transmission Gong-Ru Lin, Yu-Chuan Su and Yu-Chieh Chi 6.1 Historical Review and Challenges on Injection-Locked Laser Diode Transmitters for DWDM-PON Transmission Historical Review on the Roadmap of Injection-Locked Transmitters for DWDM-PON Development of a Promising Universal Transmitter for Colorless Operation in DWDM-PON Using Long-Cavity Colorless Laser Diodes for OOK/OFDM Transmission in DWDM-PON OOK or OFDM Data Transmission Performances of Directly Modulated Slave WRC-FPLD Injection-Locked by Master Sources with Different Degrees of Coherence Methods for Building up the DWDM-PON with Directly Modulated Slave WRC-FPLD Injection-Locked by Master Sources with Different Degrees of Coherence The Effect of the Injection Coherence on Mode, Noise Characteristics and Frequency Response The Effect of Injection Coherence on OOK Transmission Performances of the Slave WRC-FPLD Laser Transmitter with Different-Locking Master Sources Summary References Cost-Effective OFDM Transmission Technologies for Long-Reach PONs Dar-Zu Hsu, Chia-Chien Wei, Hsing-Yu Chen and Jyehong Chen 7.1 Introduction to the OFDM for Long-Reach PONs Theory of SSII and SSII Cancellation Technique Experimental Setup and Results Conclusion References

4 xii Contents Part IV Light Emitting Diodes 8 Light Emitting Diodes Chien-Chung Lin, Kuo-Ju Chen, Da-Wei Lin, Hau-Vie Han, Wei-Chih Lai, Jian-Jang Huang, Tien-Chang Lu, Shoou-Jinn Chang and Hao-Chung Kuo 8.1 LED History and Application Improvement of Droop and Internal Quantum Efficiency for GaN-Based LEDs by Epitaxial Technology Introduction Nanoscale Epitaxial Patterned Template Low Efficiency Droop Epitaxial Structures LED Light Extraction Improvement Improvement in Transparent Conductive Layer with ITO Material and Patterned Structure Enhanced Light Extraction Efficiency Using Flip-Chip Structure High-Efficiency LED Chip with High-Voltage Structure LED Package for Better CCT, UV LED and QDs Application General Introduction of a LED Package Improvement in Uniformity of Emission by ZrO 2 Nano-Particles for White LEDs Enhanced Luminous Efficiency of WLEDs Using a Dual-Layer Structure of the Remote Phosphor Package Resonant-Enhanced Full-Color Emission of Quantum-Dot-Based Display Technology Using a Pulsed Spray Method Summary Conclusion References Part V Solar Cells 9 Solar Cells Ching-Fuh Lin 9.1 Introduction Principles of Solar Cells Semiconductor p-n Junction Solar Cells Organic Solar Cells Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Tandem Solar Cells

5 Contents xiii 9.3 Progress of Various Types of Solar Cells Crystalline Si Solar Cells Amorphous Si Solar Cells III-V Semiconductor Solar Cells CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Organic Solar Cells References Part VI Liquid Crystal Technology 10 Physics of Liquid Crystals Chi-Yen Huang 10.1 Brief History LC Phases Nematic LC Order Parameter Birefringence Dielectric Anisotropy Elastic Continuum Theory of Nematic LCs Surface Alignment References Photo-Alignment Technology Tsung-Hsien Lin 11.1 Photo-Isomerization in Azo-Compound-Containing Polymer/Dye Films Bulk-Mediated Photo-Isomerization and Adsorption Effects Photo-Crosslinking in Cinnamic Side-Chain Polymers Photo-Degradation in Polyimide Films References Liquid Crystal Display Present Status and Emerging Technology Ko-Ting Cheng 12.1 Liquid Crystal Display Modes Emerging Technology References Liquid Crystal 3D Displays Yi-Pai Huang 13.1 Introduction of 3D Display LC Lens for 3D Display

6 xiv Contents D/3D Switching Function of LC-Lens Rotation Function for Mobile Application D Scanning LC-Lens for Full Resolution 3D Image Conclusions and Future Developments References Liquid Crystals for Non-display Applications Andy Ying-Guey Fuh 14.1 Liquid Crystal Gratings Spatial Filters Polarization Converters Liquid Crystal Lenses Liquid Crystal Q-Plates References Liquid Crystals for Bio-medical Applications Yi-Hsin Lin 15.1 Biosensors Using Nematic Liquid Crystals Sperm Testing Devices Using Droplet Manipulation Sensing for High Density Lipoprotein in Human Serum Ophthalmic Lenses Using Nematic Liquid Crystals References Part VII Advanced Trends of Nanophotonics 16 Diffraction-Unlimited Plasmonic Nanolaser Yu-Jung Lu, Jisun Kim, Hung-Ying Chen, Chihhui Wu, Nima Dabidian, Charlotte E. Sanders, Chun-Yuan Wang, Ming-Yen Lu, Bo-Hong Li, Xianggang Qiu, Wen-Hao Chang, Lih-Juann Chen, Gennady Shvets, Chih-Kang Shih and Shangjr Gwo 16.1 Main Text References Modeling of Micro and Nanolaser Cavities Shu-Wei Chang 17.1 Introduction Formulation Based on Generalized Eigenvalue Problem White-Source Spectrum and Spectral Property Threshold Gain, Confinement Factor, and Modal Volume Example: Whispering Gallery Modes Conclusion References

7 Contents xv 18 Nano Structure Light Emitting Devices Yuh-Jen Cheng References Flexible Micro/Nano-lasers and Compact Optical Curvature Sensors Min-Hsiung Shih and Kung-Shu Hsu 19.1 Introduction Flexible Microdisk Cavity Laser Optical Curvature Sensor with the Microdisk Laser Tunable Photonic Crystal Laser with on the PDMS Flexible Substrate References Driving Lightwave in Nanopatterned Nanowire Po-Tsung Lee and Tsan-Wen Lu 20.1 Background: Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals on Slabs Minimizing Device Footprint: One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals on Nanowires Photonic Crystal Nanobeam: Efficient Nanolasers Photonic Crystal Nanoring Photonic Crystal Nano-Fishbone: Ultralow Loss TM-Polarized Mode Summary References Slow Light in Nano-structured Waveguides Chii-Chang Chen References Obliquely Deposited Negative Index Film Yi-Jun Jen 22.1 Introduction A Nanostructured Thin Film with Negative Index Interference Observation from a Low Loss Film with Negative Index Summary References Antireflective Nanostructures for Solar Cells Hsin-Ping Wang, Jr-Hau He and Hung-Chih Chang 23.1 Thin Film AR Single Layer ARC Multi-layer ARC

8 xvi Contents 23.2 Nanostructured ARC Homogeneous Nanostructured ARC Inhomogeneous Nanostructured ARC Combination of Thin Film ARC and Nanostructures Future of ARC References Nanorod LED Arrays Jin-Yi Tan, Liang-Yi Chen and Jian-Jang Huang 24.1 Fabrication of Nanorod LED Properties of Nanorod LED References Plasmonic Nanoslit Arrays for Sensitive Biosensors Kuang-Li Lee, Shu-Han Wu and Pei-Kuen Wei 25.1 Introduction Surface Plasmon Resonance, Excitation and Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonances in Nanostructures Enhancing Sensitivity of Nanoplasmonic Biosensors Applications of Nanoplasmonic Biosensors Conclusions References Part VIII Biophotonics 26 Cellular Autofluorescence Detection Through FLIM/FRET Microscopy Fu-Jen Kao, Gitanjal Deka and Nirmal Mazumder 26.1 Introduction Autofluorescence in Biological Specimen Multiphoton Excitation Measurements and Data Analysis Applications of FLIM/FRET and Significance Conclusion References Optical Coherence Tomography for Quantitative Diagnosis in Cardiovascular Disease Wen-Chuan Kuo 27.1 Introduction Overview of Optical Coherence Tomography

9 Contents xvii 27.3 Applications of Quantitative OCT Rapid Quantification of Heartbeat Parameters in Drosophila Using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) PS-OCT Imaging and Quantitative Characterization of Human Atherosclerosis Summary References Introduction to Superresolution Microscopy Shi-Wei Chu 28.1 Introduction Fundamentals of Superresolution Microscopy Spectral Separation with Localization Switch On/Off (Temporal Separation) of Fluorescence with Localization Switch On/Off Fluorescence with Spatial Engineering of Beam Focus Saturation of Fluorescence with Temporal Modulation Saturation of Fluorescence with Spatial Modulation Realization of Superresolution Microscopy Based on Non-fluorescence Contrast Future Perspective References Harmonic Generation Microscopy Szu-Yu Chen and Chi-Kuang Sun 29.1 Introduction Principle System Setup D Spatial Resolution Imaging Contrasts of SHG and THG in Bio-tissues Biomedical Applications of HGM HGM Imaging of Zebrafish Embryo HGM Imaging of Mouse Tissues HGM Imaging of Human Skin Conclusion References Index

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