Materials in Architecture: will we meet the demands?

Transcription

1 Materials in Architecture: will we meet the demands? Materials Science & Technology 2004 New Orleans September 29, 2004 Spiro N. Pollalis Professor of Design Technology & Management Harvard University 1

2 Large scale Long life Environmental impact visual natural resources Why architecture? Synthetic creative process Many project participants 2

3 New materials have a bright future Smart materials Sensors Changing properties Micrograph of an electronic ink display 3

4 Basic needs continuous performance with no-down time handling the sun, the wind, the rain and temperature cycles, with affordability, and sensitivity to the environment 4

5 From the first day... architects make decisions that impact the project with a bounded rationality: design based on local technology and products in an attempt not to exceed the target cost and convince the stakeholders on the appropriateness of their choices 5

6 architecture Architecture is one of the most challenging and rewarding areas of all human intellectual endeavor, and yet it is perhaps one of the least understood. Not a science: the job of the architect is to create and prescribe, rather than understand and describe. Not exactly an art: it is required to function, beyond expressing ideas and stimulating our senses. Yet, we depend on scientific procedures to design buildings and we expect architects to have artistic objectives and to carry responsibilities that go beyond their clients. art design? science 6

7 Athens 2004 Olympic Stadium 7

8 Alamillo bridge Sevilia, Spain El Lissitzky, Proun 30 T,

9 The Bilbao Guggenheim Museum

10 Architecture: Innovative (different) uses of common materials Steel Structure connections (Tower), Bilbao Guggenheim Museum

11 Material Systems for building the exterior cladding

12 External cladding waterproofing & titanium

13 External cladding material selection

14 External cladding mockup

15 Detail of titanium sheet clamping

16 Finished external cladding

17 Finished external cladding

18 Finished stone: exterior

19 Stone being curved in the milling machine

20 Detail of stone in interior walls

21 Finished stone: Atrium

22 Drywall and secondary structure (curved)

23 Curved drywall in Atrium

24 Atrium

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26 Searching for new applications S.N. Pollalis 26

27 the inclined arch bridge 27

28 The site 28

29 The transition 29

30 A bridge for Columbus, Ohio slender, integrated into the cityscape balanced proportions visible from downtown, discreet, inviting Prof. Dr. Spiro N. Pollalis & IDOM, Boston & Bilbao The Inclined arch proposal for the Main Street Bridge, Columbus Ohio 30

31 The proposed new Main Street Bridge: steel connections 31

32 The proposed new Main Street Bridge: concrete-filled steel arch 32

33 The pedestrian walkway Start with the cross-section along the bridge: the changing experience for drivers pedestrians bicyclists 33

34 a pedestrian space at a human scale, consistent with the vision of the City of Columbus for its downtown urban center 34

35 Alternatives for pavement 35

36 Asphalt pavers 36

37 Crushed basalt on epoxy for the pedestrian walkways Left: Middle: Right: 10% white 30% white 50 % white 37

38 Pattern of walkway: variable stripes Pattern on north side only No steel or other separators 38

39 Handrailing a place to touch the bridge 39

40 Termination of railings 40

41 Bearings Prof. Dr. Spiro N. Pollalis & IDOM, Boston & Bilbao 41

42 Color of steel elements silver metallic 42

43 Color of concrete: NATURAL 1. Architectural exposed concrete: deck, base of arch, piers. Add chaulk in concrete (DO NOT PAINT) 2. Rough sawn planks surface texture : abutments Natural color concrete (DO NOT PAINT) 43

44 Raw sawn plank concrete for the abutments 44

45 The new Main Street Bridge 45

46 Respect traditional building methods S.N. Pollalis 46

47 Natural paints 47

48 Traditional materials S.N. Pollalis 48

49 Natural coatings color in the coating non-dissolved lime color variations hairline cracks S.N. Pollalis 49

50 Call for research on Materials There is a need for new materials in the construction of buildings. However, the penetration of new materials is small, for very specific reasons: requirement for continuous performance, no down-times: buildings are low technology performance price to performance ratio environmental issues training the construction workforce Today s strategy is to use low cost materials, intensive in labor, and accept demolition as part of maintenance and repairs. However, we need to pursue research: structural properties: ductility, weight non-structural: durability, removable, reuseable assemblies environmental : low embodied energy and recycling smart materials: sensors, changing properties 50

51 Call for research on Project Delivery 51

52 Construction Value Chain engineer consultant consultant architect investor vendor vendor sub contractor sub contractor vendor general contractor developer owner user vendor contractor vendor investor 52

53 Construction Value Chain new business relations engineer consultant consultant architect investor vendor vendor sub contractor sub contractor vendor general contractor developer owner user vendor contractor vendor investor 53

54 Call for research on expanding the bounded rationality 54

55 Available resources to architects 1. Fundamental concepts 2. Prior designs (precedences) 3. Access to publications 4. Access to consultants 55

56 What is Information Technology? Information Technology is the use of electronic means to expand bounded rationality S.N. Pollalis 56

57 1. Prior designs 2. Fundamental concepts 3. Access to consultants 4. Access to publications Available resources Employ Information technology 57

58 A Proposed Portal Provide information on Materials satisfy the design dilemma: design decisions in the early design phase are crucial for the outcome of a project, but are usually founded on little information Portal Objective impact of information on project Information available time 58

59 Architects Engineers Consultants The Design Challenge rapid technical evolution no single, reliable source of information product flood international projects 59

60 Manufacturers Vendors Contractors The Information Challenge reaching customers: global economy - local markets when to get involved... static information on products and services 60

61 Architects Engineers Consultants Universities Research Centers Project Information Manufacturers Vendors Contractors Design Challenge Information Challenge Product and Services Information Building Owners Developers General Public 61

62 Architects Engineers Consultants Universities Research Centers Manufacturers Vendors Contractors Internet Portal: Online Knowledge Base Design Resources Consortium Support Building Owners Developers 62

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