Springer Proceedings in Energy

Transcription

1 Springer Proceedings in Energy

2 About this series The series Springer Proceedings in Energy covers a broad range of multidisciplinary subjects in those research fields closely related to present and future forms of energy as a resource for human societies. Typically based on material presented at conferences, workshops and similar scientific meetings, volumes published in this series will constitute comprehensive state-of-the-art references on energy-related science and technology studies. The subjects of these conferences will fall typically within these broad categories: - Energy Efficiency - Fossil Fuels - Nuclear Energy - Policy, Economics, Management & Transport - Renewable and Green Energy - Systems, Storage and Harvesting - Materials for Energy ebooks Volumes in the Springer Proceedings in Energy will be available online in the world s most extensive ebook collection, as part of the Springer Energy ebook Collection. Proposals for new volumes should include the following: - name, place and date of the scientific event - a link to the committees (local organization, international advisors etc.) - description of the scientific aims and scope of the meeting - list of invited/plenary speakers - an estimate of the proceedings book details (number of pages/articles, requested number of bulk copies, submission deadline). Please send your proposals to Dr Maria Bellantone, Senior Publishing Editor, Springer (maria.bellantone@springer.com). More information about this series at

3 Ion Visa Anca Duta Editors Nearly Zero Energy Communities Proceedings of the Conference for Sustainable Energy (CSE)

4 Editors Ion Visa Transilvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania Anca Duta Transilvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania ISSN ISSN (electronic) Springer Proceedings in Energy ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

5 Foreword The implementation of the sustainable development principles asks for novel knowledge and technical advancements mainly focusing on energy production to be used in various environmentally friendly processes. Thus, the general frame of R&D was changed to be able to meet the general interest for clean energy production and consumption. During the past decade, it has become obvious that to successfully implement these principles, there is a need for additional actions to increase the acceptance of the novel technologies and equipment. This is why education, social sciences and economics have completed the picture with specific topics of interest in developing the society of tomorrow, based on sustainable processes and products, and developed using environmentally friendly, cost-effective technologies. Sensing these trends, in 2005 the R&D Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling, RES-REC, in the, developed the first edition of the international event: Conference for Sustainable Energy, CSE. Every three years, a new edition of this event was organized on specific topics identified according to the sustainable energy prerequisites formulated, as follows: Sustainable energy (2005), Solar energy (2008), Sustainable communities (2011) and Nearly zero energy buildings (2014). As these topics show, during these past twelve years there was a significant shift of interest from the mainly theoretical topics (as was the case of the first two editions) towards the topics focusing on more concrete approaches, based on novel findings and novel trends (as was evident in the last two editions). During the past years, the legal frame was also developed supporting the quest for sustainable development, with a specific focus on sustainable energy. All the parts of our day-to-day life are expected to be subjected to changes in the future and to embedding the sustainability aspects. The pace to which this will happen depends on the already-mentioned knowledge development, implementation and the economic aspects as part of these scenarios. While there is a large common effort to meet the need for sustainable development at a government level all over the world, the concrete measures so far v

6 vi Foreword implemented are rather limited. Specific paths are so far identified for various production processes (e.g. the IT industries are frontrunners), but less extended effort and particular solutions target nowadays, e.g. the agricultural development. The built environment is currently a hot topic because of many reasons: it is used and known by each member of the community, it is one of the largest energy consumers in a given society, and its changing needs require significant investments largely supported by the inhabitants. These reasons lead to the societal involvement in the promotion of specific measures for mitigating the energy consumption and for increasing the share of green energy to meet the overall demand. The past decade experienced large advancements in many directions linked to the built environment, and these were mirrored in the past three editions of the CSE conference. Thus, CSE represents a framework for sharing the recent knowledge and research results and a meeting point among the research providers and the users of the research results. The research progress was quickly transferred into applications that evolved from energy efficiency in buildings to nzeb and further on to groups of nzeb. It was observed that these groups of nzeb may get more affordable when the entire community is involved, from the design steps, and with focus on using the community facilities to meet the general and specific needs. So, a new concept is emerging: Nearly Zero Energy Community (nzec). The 5 th edition of the Conference for Sustainable Energy runs in the R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov. The location of the institute was designed as a sustainable community, and various renewable energy systems are already installed and monitored, allowing to contribute with detailed data in identifying the challenges and the implementable solutions for reaching the status of Nearly Zero Energy Community. Since 2013 when the built environment of the institute was ready and functioning, there were registered significant results and findings that can contribute to the affordable development of such nzec. Thus, this edition of CSE represents a good opportunity for sharing experience and for discussing the current and further R&D topics that are emerging at this moment. We are glad to welcome experienced researchers and young members of the research community to discuss the present and the future in our field of activity. The proceedings volume represents an additional asset, gathering the recent results from many groups all over the world. The volume edited by Springer to accompany the CSE 2014 edition reached over 28,000 downloads, and this is a concrete proof of the quality of the presentations (published in the proceedings volume) and their impact on the R&D community. We are dedicated to keep the high interest in the presentations and deliver, at the 5 th CSE edition, this proceedings volume that contains the latest research results obtained in investigating the multiple facets of Nearly Zero Energy Communities. October 2017 Ion Visa Anca Duta

7 Organization Scientific Committee CSE 2017 Badescu Viorel Balan Mugur Barsan Lucian Bostan Viorel Burduhos Bogdan Carstea Marcian Chemisana Daniel Comsit Mihai Dabija Ana Maria Duic Neven Duta Anca Fara Laurentiu Farkas Istvan Gavrilescu Maria Haeberle Andreas Helerea Elena Ilasi Nicolae Iordache Florin Jaliu Codruta Jinescu Valeriu Kalogirou Soteris Marinescu Corneliu Meghea Aurelia Mihailov Nikolay Moldovan Macedon Neagoe Mircea Romanian Academy and Politehnica University of Bucharest Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Technical University of Chisinau, Republic Moldova Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK University of Lleida, Spain Ion Mincu University, Bucharest, Romania University of Zagreb, Croatia Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania Szent Istvan University and Hungarian ISES President, Hungary Technical University Gheorghe Asachi, Iasi, Romania SPF Rapperswil, Switzerland University of Petrosani, Romania University of Civil Engineering, Bucharest, Romania Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania Angel Kanchev University of Ruse, Bulgaria vii

8 viii Olariu Nicolae Paulescu Marius Perniu Dana Petran Horia Quaglia Giuseppe Romanca Mihai Simionescu Bogdan Tanasescu Teodor Teodosiu Carmen Ungureanu Viorel Visa Ion Zacharopoulos Agellos Zaharescu Maria Organization Valahia University Targoviste and SUN-E, Romania West University of Timisoara, Romania INCD URBAN-INCERC Bucharest, Romania Polytechnic University of Torino and IFToMM, Italy Romanian Academy and Petru Poni Institute, Iasi Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences Technical University Gheorghe Asachi, Iasi, Romania Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania University of Ulster, UK Romanian Academy and Institute for Physical Chemistry

9 Contents Nearly Zero Energy Buildings and Communities Implementing Renewable Energy Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Communities Ion Visa, Anca Duta, Macedon Moldovan, and Bogdan Burduhos Refurbishment Solutions for Public Buildings Towards Nearly Zero Energy Performance Laura Aelenei and Helder Gonçalves Renewable Energy Management Using Embedded Smart Systems Viorel Miron-Alexe, Iulian Bancuta, and Nicolae Vasile The Role of Energy Management Systems in nzeb and nzec Bogdan Burduhos, Anca Duta, and Macedon Moldovan EfDeN Prototype - A Sustainable and Low Energy Consumption House Presented at Solar Decathlon Tiberiu Catalina, Mihai Baiceanu, Eduard-Daniel Raducanu, Mihai Toader Pasti, and Claudiu Butacu Building with the Sun. Passive Solar Daylighting Systems in Architecture Ana-Maria Dabija Energy Initiatives in Europe Yoram Krozer Energy Consumption in Buildings. Performance Breakdown Analysis Considering the Building Services Efficiency and the Usage Pattern Eugen Mandric, Mugurel-Florin Talpiga, and Florin Iordache On the Problem of the Contemporary Building Energy Systems Nicolay Mihailov, Ognyan Dinolov, Katerina Gabrovska-Evstatieva, and Boris Evstatiev ix

10 x Contents Renewable Energy Systems for a Multi-family Building Community Macedon Moldovan and Ion Visa Sustainable Solutions for Extensive Retrofitting of Residential Buildings Built in the 1970s Daniel Muntean and Viorel Ungureanu Materials from Renewable Sources as Thermal Insulation for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nzeb) Cristian Petcu, Horia-Alexandru Petran, Vasilica Vasile, and Mihai-Constantin Toderasc Evaluation of Material Compositions of Sloping Roofs from Environmental and Energy Perspectives Silvia Vilcekova, Eva Kridlova Burdova, and Marek Kusnir Solutions to Reduce Energy Consumption in Buildings. Green Roofs Made up of Succulent Plants Ileana Nicolae and Sorina Petra Solar Heating and Cooling in Buildings and Communities Simulation-Based Investigation of the Air Velocity in a Naturally Ventilated BIPV System Rafaela Agathokleous and Soteris Kalogirou Design Aspects of Building Integrated Solar Tile Collectors Istvan Fekete and Istvan Farkas Modelling and Simulation of the Solar - Biomass Base Heating System for Low Energy Buildings Developed for Rural Area Sándor Bartha and Boglárka Vajda Closed Sorption Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage with Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Mihaela Dudita, Xavier Daguenet-Frick, and Paul Gantenbein Comparative Analysis of the Energy Demand by Standard Method and the TRNSYS-Weather Data Method Adrian Constantin Ilie and Ion Visa Development of Black and Red Absorber Coatings for Solar Thermal Collectors Luminita Isac, Ramona Panait, Alexandru Enesca, Cristina Bogatu, Dana Perniu, and Anca Duta A New Approach on the Protection Against Overheating of Flat Plate Solar-Thermal Collectors Mircea Neagoe, Ion Visa, Anca Duta, and Nadia Cretescu

11 Contents xi Numerical Assessment of a Dynamic Daily Heating Unit Using Both Solar Collector and Heat Pump Coupled in a Dynamic Working Mugurel-Florin Talpiga, Eugen Mandric, and Florin Iordache Solar Power in Buildings and Communities Optimized Management for Photovoltaic Applications Based on LEDs by Fuzzy Logic Control and Maximum Power Point Tracking Dan Craciunescu, Laurentiu Fara, Paul Sterian, Andreea Bobei, and Florin Dragan Characterizing the Variability of High Resolution Solar Irradiance Data Series Robert Blaga and Marius Paulescu Semiconductor Graphenes for Photovoltaics Doru Buzatu, Marius Mirica, and Mihai Putz Deployable Mobile Units Concepts for Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Arrays Mihai Comsit, Macedon Moldovan, and Mircea Neagoe Recycling Silicon-PV Modules in Composites with PVC, HDPE and Rubber Wastes Mihaela Cosnita, Cristina Cazan, Anca Duta, and Ion Visa Sizing and Optimization of Cost-Efficient PV Generator System at Residential Buildings in the Region of Ruse, Bulgaria Katerina Gabrovska-Evstatieva, Boris Evstatiev, Ognyan Dinolov, and Nicolay Mihailov Modular Electrochemical Reactivity for Photovoltaics Machines Mirela Iorga, Marius Mirica, and Mihai Putz The Efficiency and the Profitability of the Photovoltaic Panels as Generator for Household Electricity in the Region of Banat/Romania Stefan Pavel, Ioan Silviu Dobosi, Daniel Stan, and Gabriel Fischer Szava Extracting the I-V Characteristics of the PV Modules from the Manufacture s Datasheet Andreea Sabadus, Marius Paulescu, and Viorel Badescu PV-Wind Hybrid System for the Energy Supply of an Off-Grid Application Codruta Jaliu, Radu Saulescu, Daniela Ciobanu, and Florin Panaite Large Conversion Ratio DC-DC Hybrid Converters for Renewable Energy Applications Nicolae Muntean, Octavian Cornea, and Dan Hulea

12 xii Contents Life Cycle Assessment of the Romanian Electricity Mix: Impacts, Trends and Challenges George Barjoveanu, Carmen Teodosiu, and Daniela Cailean (Gavrilescu) Developing Modified Hydrodynamic Rotor for Flow Small Hydro Ion Bostan, Viorel Bostan, Valeriu Dulgheru, Oleg Ciobanu, Radu Ciobanu, and Vitalie Gladis Development of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for the Production of Thermal Energy Viorel Bostan, Ion Bostan, Ion Sobor, Valeriu Dulgheru, and Vitalie Gladis Solar Energy for Water Re-use Sustainable Autonomous System for Nitrites/Nitrates and Heavy Metals Monitoring of Natural Water Sources (WaterSafe) Mariuca Gartner, Carmen Moldovan, Marin Gheorghe, Anca Duta, Miklos Fried, and Ferenc Vonderviszt Design and Development of TiO 2 Based Dispersions for Photocatalytic Fabrics Cristina Bogatu, Dana Perniu, Luminita Isac, Maria Covei, and Anca Duta Sustainable Wastewater Treatment for Households in Small Communities Alexandru Enesca, Luminita Andronic, Anca Duta, and Ion Visa Compost Based on Biomass Wastes Used as Biofertilizers or as Sorbents Ileana Manciulea, Lucia Dumitrescu, Cristina Bogatu, Camelia Draghici, and Dora Lucaci A Comparative Analysis of Pollutants Adsorption and Photocatalysis on Composite Materials Synthesized from Fly Ash Maria Visa, Nicoleta Popa, and Andreea Chelaru Policies, Education and Training on Sustainability Extending Production Waste Life Cycle and Energy Saving by Eco-Innovation and Eco-Design: The Case of Packaging Manufacturing Maria Gavrilescu, Teofil Campean, and Dan-Alexandru Gavrilescu Sustainability - A Principle of Education in Architecture (and Not Only) Ana-Maria Dabija

13 Contents xiii Sustainable Energy in Buildings: Academy Massive Open Online Courses Carlos Silva and Laura Aelenei Competences Development - Towards an Effective Implementation of nzeb in Romania Horia-Alexandru Petran, Marian-Ciprian Niculuta, and Cristian Petcu P.A.E.S. Project and Housing Policies for Sustainable Buildings Renato Olivito, Mircea Neagoe, Petru Mihai, Nikolaos Karanasios, Eva Krìdlova Burdovà, and Marco Della Puppa Maintenance of Renewable Energy Systems - A Challenge in Academic Education Sanda Budea and Carmen-Anca Safta Sustainable Buildings - Technological Innovation or a Different Way of Interpreting the Traditional House Teodora Raduca Multi-functional Products - A Way to Decrease the Products Environmental Impact Anca Barsan, Lucian Barsan, Aurelian Leu, and Larisa Zafiu Using Serious Game for Children and Youth Education in Sustainable Energy Field and Environment Protection Mihaela-Ioana Baritz Erratum to: Energy Consumption in Buildings. Performance Breakdown Analysis Considering the Building Services Efficiency and the Usage Pattern... E1 Eugen Mandric, Mugurel-Florin Talpiga, and Florin Iordache Author Index