Ethiopia Ministry of Agriculture

Transcription

1 Ethipia Ministry f Agriculture Natinal REDD+ Secretariat Terms f Reference fr an analysis f causes f defrestatin and frest degradatin in Ethipia and the identificatin and priritizatin f strategic ptins t address thse 1) Backgrund Greenhuse gas emissins frm defrestatin and frest degradatin have cme t the frefrnt f the internatinal discussins n climate change given its verall significance. Since 2005, REDD+ (Reducing Emissins frm Defrestatin and Frest Degradatin, Enhancement f Frest Carbn Stcks, Sustainable Frest Management and Cnservatin) has been discussed in the cntext f the United Natins Framewrk Cnventin n Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Frest Carbn Partnership Facility (FCPF) assists selected cuntries in their REDD+ effrts. It has the dual bjectives f building capacity fr REDD+ (the Readiness Fund ), and testing a prgram f perfrmance-based incentive payments in sme pilt cuntries (the Carbn Fund ). Assistance under the Readiness Fund includes supprt fr: (i) develping a natinal reference scenari fr REDD+; (ii) adpting a natinal scially and envirnmentally sund REDD+ strategy that wuld reduce emissins and at the same time cnserve bidiversity, enhance the livelihds f frest dependent peples and ther frest dwellers; (iii) setting up implementatin management framewrk fr the effective and efficient implementatin f REDD+; and (iii) designing and implementing accurate measurements, mnitring and verificatin systems t enable cuntries t reprt n emissins frm defrestatin and frest degradatin. Ethipia is cmmitted t transfrming the cuntry s ecnmy while achieving a Climate Resilient and Green Ecnmy (CRGE) by The Ministry f Agriculture is respnsible fr three pillars f the CRGE Strategy: Frestry, Agriculture and Livestck management. In the frestry sectr, the gvernment is engaged in the REDD+ Readiness prcess, with supprt, amng thers, frm the Wrld Bank. Ethipia was selected as a REDD+ cuntry participant in the FCPF in The Gvernment started preparatin f a Readiness Preparatin Prpsal (R-PP) in April 2010, invlving varius analyses f the current issues arund frest cver lss in the cuntry thrugh a highly participatry prcess. The final R- PP f Ethipia which was apprved in Vietnam in March 2011 will cst abut US$14.12 t implement. The Wrld Bank, as Trustee f the FCPF, has prvided US$3.6 millin fr the implementatin f key activities identified in the R-PP Assessment Nte leaving a financing gap f abut US$11 millin that wuld have t be secured frm ther surces. The activities include supprt t the natinal readiness management arrangements, supprt t the design f the natinal REDD+ strategy and preparatin f the natinal REDD+ implementatin framewrk. Ethipia fficially launched the implementatin f the R-PP Assessment Nte implementatin in January 15, 2013.The preparatin f the Natinal REDD+ Strategy is ne f the pririty building blcks f the Readiness prcess. Hence, the Natinal REDD+ Secretariat is requesting cnsultants services t fulfill the present assignment which shuld serve as the base fr the REDD+ Strategy preparatin. 2) Scpe f the study The study cvers natinal level assessment with particular fcus n key institutins relevant t REDD+ prgram at federal level.at reginal level, it will be primarily fcused n the fur main regins (Ormia, Amhara, Tigray and Suthern Natins Natinalities and Peples Regins) and t emerging regins. Page 1 f 6

2 3) Objectives f the assignment Ethipia Ministry f Agriculture Natinal REDD+ Secretariat The verall bjective f this study is t prvide the building blcks fr the preparatin f Ethipia s natinal REDD+ strategy. The specific bjectives include a thrugh identificatin and analysis f all direct and underlying causes and agents f defrestatin and frest degradatin in the cuntry and the identificatin and priritizatin f strategic ptins t address these causes. The study must evaluate the impact f drivers at all levels, lk beynd the frest sectr, including ther sectral plicies and als cnsider their relatinship t all land use activities. The study shuld als assess the ptential fr increased carbn remvals thrugh affrestatin and refrestatin. The cnsultants r firm shuld ensure the capacity fr REDD+ strategy develpment is created natinally, particularly within the gvernment, by prviding training t experts wrking n REDD+ strategy. This REDD+ strategy shuld be fully in line with the CRGE Visin, particularly the Green Ecnmy strategy fr the land use sectr, including frestry, agriculture and crps. It is expected that this strategy will als cntribute t the preparatin f Investment Plans t REDD+, fllwing the prcedures set by the CRGE Facility. 4) Specific Tasks Cnduct an in-depth cmprehensive spatial and sci-ecnmic analysis f prximate and underlying causes f defrestatin and frest degradatin in Ethipia, drawing n and cmplementing the 2010 Effrt n Green Grwth, cnducted by the Ethipia Develpment Research Institute (EDRI). This analysis shuld be spatially disaggregated by regins and types f frests, and shuld calculate the quantitative cntributin f each prximate cause t verall defrestatin and frest degradatin and t natinal GHG emissins, t the extent pssible. Of particular imprtance will be the analysis f frest cnversin int cmmercial and subsistence agriculture and frest degradatin related t fuel wd cllectin. Analysis shuld als include the impact f develpment activities including rad infrastructure and settlement n defrestatin and frest degradatin. The cnsultants shuld als cnsider plicies in ther sectrs that may cause defrestatin including, fr example, plicies related t trade (custms, tariffs, etc.), husing, transprt, institutinal and gvernance structures and regimes. Attentin must be paid t scial develpment issues such as exclusivity behavirs by federal and sub-natinal structures, dis-empwerment, inequitable and unfair distributin f benefits, lack f incentive and reward systems, etc. that may cntribute t defrestatin and frest degradatin, r the lack f the sense f stewardship needed t safeguard frests r t increase stcks. The cnsultants shuld take a lk at hw a neglect f these scial issues culd impact adversely n frests and land use. Further, the cnsultants shuld cnsider ther exgenus factrs such as external trade (tariffs, custms, pricing, etc.) in wd prducts, bi-prspecting, etc. and hw they affect frests in the cuntry. The cnsultants may cnsider the use f field visits t defrestatin htspts t better understand the lcal sci-ecnmic dynamics leading t frest cver lss. The main agents f defrestatin and frest degradatin shuld be identified, alng with a sci-ecnmic analysis f their engagement in thse activities leading t frest cver reductin. The analysis shuld clearly distinguish between cmmercial and subsistence activities, particularly in the agriculture sectr. Particular attentin shuld be paid t the Page 2 f 6

3 Ethipia Ministry f Agriculture Natinal REDD+ Secretariat rle f lcal cmmunities in defrestatin and frest degradatin with an analysis f their degree f dependency n frest resurces. Cmmercial agriculture and ther cmmercial drivers f defrestatin, including future pressure frm freign investrs, shuld als be analyzed. Particular attentin shuld be given t addressing the cnversin f frests int agricultural land. Cnduct a cmprehensive analysis f the underlying causes f defrestatin and frest degradatin, establishing, t the extent pssible, the link between these underlying causes and the identified prximate causes. T a minimum, this analysis shuld cnsider the rle f the fllwing variables in encuraging (r discuraging) defrestatin and frest degradatin: i) rule f law and assciated defrestatin, ii) land tenure, iii) law enfrcement and gvernment capacity n the grund, iv) demgraphics evlutin, internal including migratin patterns; v) macrecnmic cntext; vi) gvernment plicies, particularly thse related t trade, the Grwth and Transfrmatin Plan and the Master Land Use Planning (zning); vii) land licensing prcess. Assess the current enabling envirnment with regards t REDD+. Identify plicy, legal and institutinal gaps that wuld hinder effectiveness f REDD+ implementatin, and identify strategies t address these gaps. Assess the likely future scenaris f the main drivers f defrestatin and frest degradatin identified under different ptins, and assess whether there is any ther driver likely t have an imprtant rle in the future. The study shuld analyze the current Gvernment s ambitius plans in different sectrs, mst imprtantly in the agriculture, infrastructure and energy sectrs and estimate the likely impact n future defrestatin and frest degradatin. As already mentined earlier, this effrt shuld cmplement the preliminary prspective assessment cnducted in 2010 by the EDRI. Assess the ptential fr increased carbn remval thrugh refrestatin and affrestatinf previusly degraded lands. Given the verall lw frest cver in the cuntry, this may be an imprtant part f the future emissin reductin scheme. Prvide ptential strategic ptins t address the identified present and futurecauses f defrestatin and frest degradatin and fr increased carbn remvals. These strategic ptins shuld cnsist f plicies prgrams and activities and be cherent with the identified causes. These ptins shuld, t the extent pssible, be based n natinal r internatinal best practices n plicies / prgrams and activities targeted at reducing defrestatin and frest degradatin. Particular attentin shuld be paid t the natinal experiences in addressing defrestatin, including the prmtin f Participatry Frest Management and Assisted Natural Regeneratin, effrts t rehabilitate degraded lands, use f alternativeenergy r energy efficient technlgies, and intensificatin f agriculture r prmtin f new agriculture practices such as cnservatin agriculture and agrfrestry. The strategic ptins shuld be guided by the principles f effectiveness, efficiency,fairness, transparency and accuntability. Prvide cst estimates fr each f the identified strategic ptin and build a cst curve fr the different ptins identified. The cst analysis shuld include implementatin, transactin and pprtunity csts. Page 3 f 6

4 Ethipia Ministry f Agriculture Natinal REDD+ Secretariat Identify the main plicies that shuld be implemented t create an enabling envirnment fr REDD+ t be achieved, particularly thse plicies related t land tenure and land user rights clarificatin, cmmand and cntrl activities and law enfrcement, prmtin f incentives fr the prvisin f envirnmental services such as PES schemes and land use planning. Prpse criteria fr priritizing the identified strategic ptins and classify them accrding t these criteria (scial, feasibility, risks, csts, etc.) Cnduct a SWOT analysis f the pririty ptins identified, and detail hw these culd be implemented n the grund, including pssible institutinal arrangements t implement them. Assess hw the prpsed strategic ptins fit int and cntribute t the verall CRGE visin and Green Ecnmy Strategy. Prpse a radmap fr the finalizatin f the Natinal REDD+ Strategy, identifying the main gaps fr that and suggesting ways t address thse. Facilitate and actively supprt capacity building activities n REDD+ strategy develpment. 5) Deliverables An inceptin reprt detailing the methdlgy adpted and the timeline fr cnducting the study in the presence f the Technical Wrking Grup; A mid-term prgress reprt. At this stage, the identificatin f drivers f defrestatin and frest degradatin shuld be cmpleted; Plicy briefs leading t plicy frmulatin; Wrkshp reprts relevant t the study; Manuals and guidelines t supprt t the natinal capacity building activities related t REDD+ strategy A framewrk fr the natinal REDD+ strategy fcusing n substantive cntents f the strategy A final reprt clearly presenting the strategic REDD+ ptins in a priritized way using the criteria prpsed and prpsing a radmap fr the finalizatin f the Natinal REDD+ Strategy and linkages t the SRM(Sectral Reductin Mechanism) prcess andcrge Facility. This final reprt shuld als cntain the detailed reprts frm all public cnsultatins held. 6) Methdlgy This analysis shuld draw n and expand the analysis f defrestatin and frest degradatin in Ethipia s Readiness Preparatin Prpsal; Page 4 f 6

5 Ethipia Ministry f Agriculture Natinal REDD+ Secretariat Literature review f existing wrk n drivers f defrestatin and frest degradatin in Ethipia. An impressive bdy f wrk already exists and shuld be assessed prir t launching any field wrk 1 ; Spatial analysis f land use change in Ethipia, seeking t crrelate land use change t specific drivers f defrestatin and frest degradatin and their sci-ecnmic cntext; Field visits t defrestatin and frest degradatin htspts and fcus grup discussins with lcal stakehlders; Use f an internatinally recgnized framewrk fr identifying and reprting n the drivers f defrestatin. Use f an internatinally recgnized framewrk t assess the csts f the prpsed strategic ptins; Hld targeted multi-stakehlder cnsultatins thrughut the study. It will be particularly imprtant that frest-dependent cmmunities are well represented in these cnsultatins, which shuld be held in clse crdinatin with the REDD+ Secretariat; Undertake capacity building activities and ensure transfer f knwledge t lcal experts wrking n REDD+ issues; The Cnsultants r firm will ensure that there are effrts t link up with the SESA prcess, whenever pssible.the SESA study will seek t identify the scial and envirnmental risks f the prpsed strategic ptins and prpse mitigatin actins thrugh the preparatin f an Envirnmental and Scial Management Framewrk (ESMF). Duratin f the assignment The verall assignment is expected t be finalized within six(6) mnths after cntract signature. The inceptin reprt shuld be delivered fifteen (15) days after cntract signature; the mid-term prgress reprt within tw (2) mnths f cntract signature; and the final reprt within six (6) mnths f cntract signature. 7) Required firm s qualificatins The firm t be cntracted is expected t bring tgether a balanced level f natinal and internatinal expertise. The team shuld be cmpsed, t a minimum, f master-level experts in the fields belw: A specialized expertise n institutinal develpment, frest gvernance and law wh will pssibly be leading the study team; An expert with expertise in scial develpment (e.g., a scial scientist); Frestry expert with knwledge f land use dynamics in East Africa and Ethipia in particular Expert n rural ecnmy with experience in Africa; 1 The R-PP identifies the fllwing studies n defrestatin and frest degradatin: DerejeTadesse, 2007; GessesseDessie and Kleman, 2007; KebedeSeifu, 1998; FiteGetaneh, 2008; Tekle and Hedlund, 2000; Van Muysen et al., 1998; GeteZeleke and Hurni, 2001; Reusing, 1998; WBISPP, 2004). Page 5 f 6

6 Ethipia Ministry f Agriculture Natinal REDD+ Secretariat Expert n natural resurces gvernance; Experience n REDD+, particularly n the ecnmics f REDD+; Expert n spatial analysis. Experience wrking n land use in East Africa is desired. 8) Services, Facilities and Materials t be prvided by the Client 9) Supervisin and reprting The firm will be under the direct versight f the Natinal REDD+ Crdinatr, wrking in clse cllabratin withthe REDD+ Secretariat and als the CRGE Case team. The three main deliverables (inceptin reprt, mid-term reprt and final reprt) shuld be validated by the Natinal REDD+ Technical Wrking Grup thrugh technical wrkshps t be rganized by the REDD+ Secretariat. Page 6 f 6