tcbiomass2013 Making it Real Kevin Craig Conversion Program Manager Bioenergy Technologies Office September 3-6, 2013

Transcription

1 Making it Real tcbiomass2013 Kevin Craig Conversion Program Manager Bioenergy Technologies Office September 3-6, Bioenergy Technologies Office eere.energy.gov

2 U.S. Billion-Ton Update Provides current and potential available biomass for Estimates are at the county level and for a range of costs to roadside Has scenarios based on crop yields and tillage practices Models land use for energy crops and ensures meeting food, forage, and export commodity crop demands Includes sustainability criteria Report and data on the web 2 Bioenergy Technologies Office

3 U.S. Billion-Ton Update: Findings Baseline scenario Current combined resources from forests and agricultural lands total about 473 million dry tons at $60 per dry ton or less; about 200 million dry tons from forestry By 2030, estimated resources increase to nearly 1.1 billion dry tons; about 300 million dry tons from forestry High-yield scenario Total resource ranges from nearly 1.4 to over 1.6 billion dry tons annually of which 80% is potentially additional biomass; No high-yield scenario was evaluated for forest resources, except for the woody crops Baseline High-yield 3 Bioenergy Technologies Office

4 Supporting National Priorities The Why The utilization of biomass as an energy source supports the following national priorities: Dramatically reduce dependence on foreign oil Promote the use of diverse, domestic, and sustainable energy resources Establish an advanced bioindustry and create jobs Reduce carbon emissions from energy production and consumption 4 Bioenergy Technologies Office

5 Administrative Priorities Utilizing biomass for fuels, products, and power is recognized as a critical component of the nation s strategic plan to address our continued dependence on foreign oil. In President Obama s 2013 State of the Union Address, and subsequent Plan for a Strong Middle Class and a Strong America, he stated that by investing in clean energy, we can continue to create good American jobs, reduce our reliance on foreign oil, and reduce the cost of energy for families and businesses. Called on Congress to make the renewable energy Production Tax Credit permanent and refundable, as part of comprehensive corporate tax reform, providing incentives and certainty for investments in new clean energy. Established an Energy Security Trust to support research into a range of cost-effective technologies such as advanced vehicles that run on electricity, homegrown biofuels, and vehicles that run on domestically-produced natural gas. Photo courtesy of whitehouse.gov The path towards sustainable energy sources will be long and sometimes difficult. But America cannot resist this transition; we must lead it. We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries we must claim its promise. President Barack Obama 2013 Inaugural Address 5 Bioenergy Technologies Office

6 Value of Biofuels Biomass Economy vs. Traditional Crude Oil Jobs Creation and Balance of Trade - displacing oil imports offers massive opportunity for domestic jobs creation, with virtually no consequent job destruction Climate Change Mitigation - sustainable biomass production can provide >50% GHG reduction vs. petroleumbased fuels on a complete life-cycle basis Energy Security - domestic production decreases vulnerability to short-term economic disruption due to war, civil unrest, OPEC action, speculation, etc. Imported crude oil ($2.40/gal) Cost of production & transport (avg.): $0.60/gal + Profit to host country: $1.80/gal Cost of refining, distribution, Taxes: + & marketing: + $0.40/gal = $0.80/gal Pump price: $3.60/gal $ Going to the United States $ Remain in Exporting Country Biomass Sources: EIA, Annual Energy Review; BETO MYPP Cost of feedstock supply and logistics: $.80/gal Cost of conversion, Taxes: distribution, + + $0.40/gal = marketing: $2.40/gal Pump price: $3.60/gal Price differential between imported crude oil and domestic biomass: $101/barrel x 3.2 billion barrels/year = $323 billion/year 6 Bioenergy Technologies Office

7 Supporting the Bioenergy Industry the How The Other 3-Legged Stool 7

8 Overcoming the Valley of Death Financial Investment Described by Technology Risk Reference: SunShot Funding Opportunity Announcement Number DE-FOA Bioenergy Technologies Office

9 Key Accomplishment - Cellulosic Ethanol Thermochemical Conversion of Woody Biomass Production Cost Improvements: 2007 = $4.75/gal 2012 = $2.05/gal Biomass Supply Feedstock Logistics Gasification Syngas Cleanup and Conditioning Mixed Alcohol Synthesis Ethanol 2007 = $1.40/gal 2012 = $0.17/gal 2012 = $0.56/gal 2007 = $0.37/gal 2012 = $0.28/gal Technology and Analysis Improvements: 2007 = $1.49/gal 2012 = $0.35/gal 2007 = $1.52/gal 2012 = $0.69/gal 2007 = ($0.03)/gal 2012 = $0.00/gal (Balance of Plant) Improved Biomass Supply Analysis Increased Harvest Efficiency: 65% to 80% Improved Collection Efficiency: 65% to 75% Decreased Moisture During Transport: 50% to 30% Increased Grinder Efficiency: 65% to 75% Economic Analysis of Available Gasifiers Better Understanding of Biomass Gasification Fundamentals Development of Analytical Methodology Improved Methane Conversion: 20% to 80% Improved Tar Conversion : 80% to 99% Lower Catalyst Replacement Rate: 1 to 0.15% per day Optimized Catalyst Reforming and Regeneration Higher Ethanol Productivity: 101 to >160 g/kg/hr Improved Overall Ethanol Yield 62 to >84 gal/ton Improved Repeatability Decreased Cost of Catalyst Production 9 Bioenergy Technologies Office

10 Current Strategic Focus: Replacing the Entire Barrel In 2011 BETO re-examined its focus: Cellulosic ethanol displaces gasoline fraction of a barrel of oil (about 40%). Reducing dependence on oil requires replacing diesel, jet, heavy distillates, and a range of other chemicals and products. Greater focus needed on RDD&D for a range of technologies to produce hydrocarbon fuels and displace the entire barrel of petroleum. Source: Energy Information Administration, Oil: Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Explained and AEO2009, Updated July 2012, Reference Case. *American Petroleum Institute. 10 Bioenergy Technologies Office

11 Biomass Conversion RD&D Biochemical Conversion Deconstruction Biomass Pretreatment Hydrolysis Biological Conversion Chemical Conversion Upgrading Product Upgrading & Recovery Thermochemical Conversion BIOFUELS Biomass Deconstruction Upgrading Feed Processing Gasification Liquefaction Syngas Cleanup & Conditioning Bio-oil Stabilization Fuel Synthesis Fuel Processing BIOFUELS 11 Bioenergy Technologies Office

12 The Reality of Biofuel and Bioproduct Pathways 12 Bioenergy Technologies Office

13 BETO Annual Appropriations Annual Budget Appropriations FY 2012-FY 2015 Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), BETO was appropriated $800 million in FY Bioenergy Technologies Office

14 Integrating Bio-Oils in a Refinery 14 Bioenergy Technologies Office

15 FY 2012 TC FOA: BOSC Goal of program effort: To produce a bio-oil feedstock suitable for use within a petroleum refinery and leverage its existing capital for further processing to final fuels Barriers were addressed by two topic areas: Topic Area 1 Identify and perform necessary R&D for making bio-oil feedstock acceptable in a petroleum refinery and engage a refinery partner Topic Area 2 Partner with petroleum refiner at the time of application and execute a coordinated R&D work plan for making bio-oil feedstock acceptable for further processing to transportation fuels and other co-products Selections include the following Southern Research Institute 1 Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Idaho National Laboratory 1 Sapphire Energy 1 Iowa State University 1 University of Georgia 1 Gas Technology Institute 2 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 2 DE-FOA Federal Funds: $11,133,654 TRL (TA1): 2-3 TRL (TA2): Bioenergy Technologies Office

16 FY 2013 TC FOA: CHASE Goal of program effort: To address R&D challenges that were identified at the Conversion Technologies for Advanced Biofuels workshop, specifically in Carbon, Hydrogen, and Separations Efficiencies (CHASE) for Bio-oil Pathways. Three Technical Barrier Areas were identified: Carbon Efficiency Typically only the organic phase is processed in subsequent upgrading steps, leaving behind valuable carbon-containing material in the aqueous phase. Hydrogen Efficiency Currently, many systems use steam reforming of nonrenewable natural gas to generate hydrogen. Separations Efficiency - The ability to remove destabilizing components from bio-oils is crucial to achieving improved processes for bio-products production. Selections include the following: Ceramatec Oak Ridge National Laboratory University of Oklahoma Virent, Inc. DE-FOA Federal Funds: up to $12,000,000 Starting TRL: Bioenergy Technologies Office

17 NABC Big Picture Nearing successful completion (Sept 2013) Approximately $35 million in ARRA funding Stage 1: Researched six process strategies for conversion of biomass feedstock to biofuels Stage 2: Selected process RD&D o Selected two pilot-ready pathways: Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Sugars (FLS) and Catalysis of Lignocellulosic Sugars (CLS) o Selected 2 R&D pathways: Hydropyrolysis and Hydrothermal Liquefaction Deliverables/Future Leverage: A technology package that includes a pilot ready process, a detailed design and engineering report, and a life-cycle analysis 12 IP filings 65 peer-reviewed journal submissions 3 Technical Reports 108 Conference & Meeting Presentations 17 Bioenergy Technologies Office

18 Key Accomplishments: NABC Results Refinery integration preliminary results: NABC Blending Model: Using actual data from U.S. refineries and NABC analysis results Using PIMS by aspentech for modeled information on Pricing data Product specs 18 Bioenergy Technologies Office

19 EERE Incubator: Vision of the Program Purpose: Provide a dedicated, annual funding mechanism for each EERE technology office for innovative technologies and solutions that are not represented in a significant way in the Office s existing Multi-Year Program and/or current portfolio. Pilot expansion of the successful SunShot Incubator program in the Solar Energy Technologies Office. Seeks to fund off-road map emerging technology approaches; if successful, technology to become on-road map. Small fraction of the annual budget for each office. Each EERE office will run its own FOA, but coordinated in the same timeframe as the other offices for outreach. 19 Bioenergy Technologies Office

20 Collaboration with the Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Program Basic Energy Sciences Program Overlapping R&D areas of interest Energy crops Systems biology Climate change and sustainability Photosynthesis Catalysis Biomass R&D Act Biomass R&D Board and Working Groups Biomass R&D Technical Advisory Committee Bridging Gaps Through Partnerships Bioenergy Research Centers (JBEI, GLBRC, BESC) Energy Frontiers Research Centers Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Facility 20 Bioenergy Technologies Office

21 Collaboration with ARPA-E Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) Regularly coordinate by sharing information on relevant projects, especially those from the ARPA-E PETRO* biomass-based fuels and Electrofuels Programs. *PETRO: Plants Engineered to Replace Oil Share upcoming announcements, communications and talking points about related initiatives, such as the REMOTE Program.** **REMOTE: Reducing Emissions using Methanotrophic Organisms for Transportation Energy 21 Bioenergy Technologies Office

22 Collaborations with the Department of Agriculture USDA partners with DOE and BETO - main focus is on several biomass efforts related to feedstocks production, management, and supply Selected DOE collaboration activities with USDA Include: USDA Rural Development-Cooperative Service Biorefinery Assistance Program Guaranteed Loans (9003) Advanced Biofuel Payment Program Payments to producers to support and expand production of advanced biofuels USDA/DOE Biomass Feedstocks Coordination Meetings Regular discussions on common feedstocks deployment issues, such as invasive species. Woody Biomass Utilization Group Coordination between agencies on issues related to woody biomass feedstocks. Defense Production Act DOE partners with USDA and DOD on initiative for advanced drop-in fuels for the military. 22 Bioenergy Technologies Office

23 International Projects Collaboration with IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries Fuels and chemicals from pyrolysis Research ongoing at ECN in the Netherlands CA-02 Pyrolysis and Upgrading Collaboration with Canada Combine U.S. and Canadian expertise to advance pyrolysis Each country funds own activities U.S.-China collaboration - Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Combine and leverage expertise of both nations to advance thermochemical conversion of biomass to advanced biofuels Supports MOU between U.S. and China Supports thermochemical conversion to drop-in biofuels 2017 target Brazil Bilateral: Petrobras NREL RD&D CRADA Assessing traditional fast pyrolysis followed by upgrading to liquid fuels 23 Bioenergy Technologies Office

24 Thermochemical - Future R&D FY 2014 Thermochemical Conversion R&D Activities Conversion activities for FY 2014 include continued efforts in both core and competitive R&D, and will focus on the following activities: Focus indirect liquefaction R&D efforts on gaseous intermediates and mixed oxygenate upgrading to produce gasoline, distillate, and jet range hydrocarbons from biomass in support of the programmatic goal of $3/gge by Develop techno-economic analysis and associated design cases that include cost projections and technical targets for direct and indirect liquefaction pathways to make gasoline, diesel, or jet fuels at $3/gge by Initiate new Incubator Program to enable small business innovations. 24 Bioenergy Technologies Office

25 Supporting the Bioenergy Industry the How 25

26 Overcoming the Valley of Death Financial Investment Described by Technology Risk Reference: SunShot Funding Opportunity Announcement Number DE-FOA Bioenergy Technologies Office

27 BETO Annual Appropriations Annual Budget Appropriations FY 2012-FY 2015 Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), BETO was appropriated $800 million in FY Bioenergy Technologies Office

28 BETO Thermochemical-based IBR projects Summary DOE Funded TC IBR projects Enerkem INEOS Syngas conversion to methanol-ethanol Syngas fermentation to ethanol Demo/ARRA Demo/ARRA ClearFuels Syngas to F-T liquids Pilot/ARRA Haldor Topsoe Syngas catalysis to gasoline Pilot/ARRA REII Syngas to F-T Diesel Pilot/ARRA UOP GTI Pyrolysis and hydroconversion to liquid transportation fuels Integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion to gasoline and diesel. Pilot/ARRA R&D/ARRA Frontline Syngas to F-T liquids ipilot/beto Key Accomplishments INEOS has completed first commercial production of Cellulosic Ethanol, with more than 90% GHG reduction compared to gasoline 1000-hr run for drop-in fuels: Clearfuels GTI successfully demonstrated fully integrated, IH2 process, beginning scale up activities for pilot/demo Key Challenges and Barriers Scale up (and down) issues Rural power supply reliability Operations issues Market issues-ng/gtl 28 Bioenergy Technologies Office

29 BETO Thermochemical-based IBR projects Summary Total Capacity 19 million gal/year 8 IBR Projects Enerkem INEOS Frontline REII ClearFuels UOP Haldor Topse GTI Jobs Created 900 Peak 268 Sustained The UOP integrated biorefinery will convert a variety of biomass feedstocks to fungible liquid transportation fuels. 29 Bioenergy Technologies Office GTI s 50-kg-per-day IH 2 pilot plant; biomass feedstock; control room with several monitors; engineer monitoring liquid collection section of unit; and clear gasoline in beaker next to biomass feed

30 Innovative Pilot Awards April DOE announced four projects selected for negotiation for the innovative pilot FOA for the production of advanced biofuels. Each project selected will work to produce biofuels that meet military specifications for jet and diesel fuel. Frontline Bioenergy LLCM, Ames, Iowa Up to $4.2M to produce FT liquids from woody biomass, municipal solid waste, and refuse derived fuel. Cobalt Technologies, Mountain View, California Up to $2.5Mto operate a pilot-scale integrated biorefinery to convert switchgrass to bio-jet fuel. Mercurius Biorefining, Inc., Ferndale, Washington Up to $4.6M to operate a pilot plant converting cellulosic biomass into drop-in bio-jet fuel and chemicals. BioProcess Algae, Shenandoah, Iowa Up to $6.4M to produce hydrocarbon fuels meeting military specifications from an algae-based integrated biorefinery. 30 Bioenergy Technologies Office

31 Defense Production Act Advanced Biofuels Initiative MOU signed in 2011 between DOE, USDA, Navy pledging $170M each May Defense Department awarded $16M for three contracts as part of the Advanced Drop-In Biofuels Production Project, also known as the Defense Production Act Title III program. Grants will be matched by $17 million in investments by the contractors. Initiative targeted domestic biorefineries capable of producing drop-in transportation biofuels intended for military operational use. Biofuels produced at these facilities must meet military specifications for JP-5, JP-8, or F-76. The 4 projects selected for the phase 1 awards were: Emerald Biofuels, LLC, Golf, Illinois Natures BioReserve, LLC, Sioux City, Nebraska Fulcrum Brighton Biofuels, LLC, Pleasanton, California Red Rocks Biofuels, Lakeview, Oregon 31 Bioenergy Technologies Office

32 DPA Title III Advanced Drop-In Biofuels Production Projects Company Location Feedstock Conversion Pathway Annual Capacity (million gal/yr) Emerald Biofuels Louisiana Fats, Oils, and Greases Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) 86.0 Natures BioReserve South Sioux City, NE Fats, Oils, and Greases Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) 53.0 Fulcrum Brighton Biofuels Western United States Municipal Solid Waste Gasification Fischer Tröpsch (FT) 17.0 Red Rock Biofuels Lakeview, OR Woody Biomass Gasification Fischer Tröpsch (FT) 14.0 An F/A-18 Green Hornet Fighter plane operating on a 50/50 biofuels blend Photo courtesy of the U.S. Navy 32 Bioenergy Technologies Office

33 Innovative Pilot Awards April DOE announced four projects selected for negotiation for the innovative pilot FOA for the production of advanced biofuels. Each project selected will work to produce biofuels that meet military specifications for jet and diesel fuel. Frontline Bioenergy LLCM, Ames, Iowa Up to $4.2M to produce FT liquids from woody biomass, municipal solid waste, and refuse derived fuel. Cobalt Technologies, Mountain View, California Up to $2.5Mto operate a pilot-scale integrated biorefinery to convert switchgrass to bio-jet fuel. Mercurius Biorefining, Inc., Ferndale, Washington Up to $4.6M to operate a pilot plant converting cellulosic biomass into drop-in bio-jet fuel and chemicals. BioProcess Algae, Shenandoah, Iowa Up to $6.4M to produce hydrocarbon fuels meeting military specifications from an algae-based integrated biorefinery. 33 Bioenergy Technologies Office

34 Supporting the Bioenergy Industry 34

35 Key Policy Driver: U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) Advanced Biofuels Production Targets (Billions of Gallons) 35 Bioenergy Technologies Office Fuel Category Lifecycle GHG Reduction Thresholds* Conventional biofuels 20% Biomass-based diesel 50% Other advanced biofuels 50% Cellulosic biofuels 60% *Reduction from 2005 petroleum baseline

36 Collaborations with the Environmental Protection Agency EPA supports the bioenergy industry through various analysis and testing activities and is responsible for implementation of the RFS. Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) regulates air pollution from motor vehicles, engines, and the fuels used to operate them. BETO coordinates on tasks with the EPA including: DOE-EPA Coordination Group o Monthly meetings to share information on topics such as EPA s RFS pathway analysis and BETO s R&D efforts and sustainability activities o Efforts to focus on improved data sharing Office of Research and Development (ORD) is the scientific research arm of EPA. 36 Bioenergy Technologies Office

37 Renewable Fuel Standard: EPA s Pathway Petition Process EPA s supplemental petition process for parties to request that EPA conduct new renewable fuel pathway assessments and make a determination on whether a petitioned fuel pathway qualifies for an RFS2 renewable fuel category Petition Process Any party may petition EPA to: 1. Conduct a plant-specific determination 2. Conduct a new pathway determination (feedstock, process, and fuel) Recently Approved Feedstocks and Pathways Grain sorghum Camelina oil Energy cane Renewable gasoline and renewable gasoline blendstock Giant reed and napier grass (these require additional registration, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements to address invasive concerns) EPA is in the process of evaluating additional feedstocks and pathways (such as pulpwood/whole trees) 37 Bioenergy Technologies Office

38 Thermochemical Activities Outside of BETO Working together to address challenges Aalborg University Abengoa Bioenergy New Technologies Albemarle Amaron Energy, LLC Arcadis US ARS-USDA Aston University Auburn University Battelle BioFuel Energy Corp Biomass and Bioenergy Black & Veatch Blankney Estate BP Brookhaven National Laboratory BTG Biomass Technology Group BV Burns & McDowell CanmetENERGY-Natural Resources Canada Carbona, Inc. Carmeuse Lime & Stone Castorfields, S.A. P.I. de C.V. CCAT, Inc. Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH) CERTH/CPERI Chalmers University of Technology Chevron CIRAD Colorado School of Mines Conversion And Resource Evaluation Ltd. Cool Planet Cranfield CRI Criterion DCEO Delft University of Technology Desert Research Institute Directorate General for Energy of the European Commission 38 Bioenergy Technologies Office Dow Chemical Company Dupont E.ON Gasification Development ECN Energy Center of the Netherlands (ECN) Enerkem ENI Eon Gasification Development AB ETC Evonik Extrel ExxonMobil Federal University of Itajubá FP Innovations Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT Frontier Laboratories Gas Technology Institute GDF SUEZ GeertTech LLC General Electric Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Tech Haldor Topsoe, Inc Hart Energy Honeywell Idaho National Lab IFPEN Industrial Technology Research Institute Ineos Bio INSER SPA Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Iowa State University Johnson Matthey KBR KiOR Korea Forest Research Institute Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials KTH Royal Institute of Technology LanzaTech, Inc. Linde AG Luleå University of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Memorial University-Chemistry Metabolix Metso Michigan State University Michigan Technological University MINES Mississippi State University National Renewable Energy Laboratory Natural Resources Canada NexTech Materials Niksa Energy Associates LLC North Carolina State University Northrop Grumman Northwestern University Oak Ridge National Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Pall Corporation Petrobras Phillips 66 Philo Consulting PlasMet LLP Praxair Princeton University Quantum Analytics RE-CORD and University of Florence Rentech RTI International Sacramento Municipal Utility District Saint-Gobain NorPro Scion Research Shell Global Solutions Int. Shell Oil Company Southern Research Institute Steeper Energy TaylorEnergy / Kobelco-Eco Technische Universität Berlin ThermoChem Recovery International, Inc. Thünen Institute of Wood Research TU-Berlin UFPE Umeå University University of California, Berkeley University of California San Diego University of Colorado at Boulder University of Groningen University of Hamburg University of Idaho University of Maine University of Massachusetts University of Minnesota Duluth University of Ottawa / CanmetENERGY Natural Resources Canada University of Pretoria UPM Biofuels Utah State University Villanova University VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Waldheim Consulting Washington State University West Biofuels Western University Canada World Fuel Services Yonsei University Zeton Inc. Zhengzhou University

39 Thank You Kevin Craig Bioenergy Technologies Office Department of Energy 39 Bioenergy Technologies Office

40 40 Bioenergy Technologies Office Project Summary Information

41 Southern Research Institute Project Title: Mild Biomass Liquefaction Process for Economic Production of Stabilized Refinery-Ready Bio-Oils Objectives: The objective of the project is to research and develop a cost effective low severity thermal liquefaction process to convert woody biomass to stabilized bio oils that can be directly blended with hydrotreater and hydrocracker input streams in a petroleum refinery for production of gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbons. This project will be executed at Southern Research s Environment and Energy Department in Durham, North Carolina Innovation: The advantage of the proposed technology is the methanol-based liquefaction. This proposed technology will evaluate the minimization of solvent consumption and potential elimination of catalysts to produce a refinery ready bio-oil. Budget DOE Share $654,330; Applicants Cost Share $240,312 Partners Princeton Environmental Institute (LCA) Refinery partner TBD for testing samples 41 Bioenergy Technologies Office

42 Stevens Institute of Technology Project Title: Pt-based Bi-metallic Monolith Catalysts for Partial Upgrading of Microalgae Oil Objectives: Transformative technology for the conversion of microalgae to an algal oil feedstock suitable for insertion as a middle distillate feed stream into a hydrotreater. The approach comprises three key steps: (1) extraction of algal oil from microalgae, followed by (2) fractionation and purification of the algal oil to produce a cleaner in-situ pre-refined algal oil, and finally (3) hydrodeoxygenation of the pre-refined algal oil in a monolith reactor was-coated with Pt-based bi-metallic catalysts supported on high surface area g-al 2 O 3. Innovation: A combination of proprietary, patent pending algal oil pre-processing platform with innovative reactor concepts and catalyst development for first stage partial upgrading of the pre-refined algal oils via hydrodeoxygenation. Budget DOE Share $651,194; Industry Cost Share $168,046 Partners Valicor Renewables LLC Columbia University/BASF Catalysts LLC Anasyn LLC Ceramic Monolith Substrates 42 Bioenergy Technologies Office

43 University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc Project Title: Development of bio-oil commodity fuel as a refinery feedstock from high impact algae feedstock Objectives: This project will develop algal bio-oil as a refinery feedstock by evaluating a two-stage thermochemical liquefaction (TCL) process to produce low nitrogen algal bio-oil, upgrade the TCL bio-oil by hydrodeoxygenation, catalytically co-process the upgraded oil with a refinery stream, and finally characterize the product(s) to access viability as refinery feedstock. Anticipated outcomes include a refinery feedstock in the form of a bio-oil as well as the ability to recycle the N and P from the first stage TCL which will improve refinery economics. Innovation: A novel multi-step process for accomplishing this task of converting raw algae to a stable intermediate suitable for processing in a petroleum refinery. The process described will potentially eliminate the need to extensively dry the algae and to extract the oil from the remaining biomass. Budget DOE Share: $531,897 Applicant cost-share: $132,974 Partners Refinery partner TBD 43 Bioenergy Technologies Office

44 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory & WR Grace Project Title: Optimizing Co-Processing of Bio-Oil in Refinery Unit Operations Using a Davison Circulating Riser (DCR) Objectives: Minimize hydrogen consumption and capital cost associated with biofuels by addressing key technical barriers relating to co-processing biogenic refinery feedstocks with the appropriate fossil-based petroleum stream such that fast pyrolysis may be used in petroleum refineries to produce gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbon fuels. Innovation: Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is the heart of the refinery and is one of the most flexible processes; readily adjusting to feed quality. Grace is a pioneer of FCC catalyst development, with expertise to optimize it for bio-oil conversion. Their DCR is the leading pilot scale technology that simulates a commercial refinery FCC unit. Budget DOE Share $4M; Industry Cost Share $1.05M Partners Tesoro LANL ORNL VTT Aston University 44 Bioenergy Technologies Office

45 Idaho National Laboratory Project Title: Bio-Oil Separation and Stabilization by Supercritical Fluid Fractionation Objectives: Use supercritical fluids to separate and fractionate algal-based pyrolysis oils into stable products that may be upgraded to drop-in renewable fuels. The expected outcome is an economical, field-deployable supercritical extraction and fractionation process that enables bio-oils to be stabilized and commoditized. Innovation: Separation and fractionation of thermally produced bio-oils using supercritical fluids offers the advantages of liquid solvent extraction while drastically reducing energy demands and the predisposition to carry over solids into the extracted phase. addition. Budget DOE Share $749,991; Industry Cost Share $187,496 State Assistance $50,000 Partners Utah State University CF Technologies Origin Oil 45 Bioenergy Technologies Office Supercritical Separation and Fractionation

46 Sapphire Energy Project Title: Optimized Co-processing of Algal Bio-Crude Through a Petroleum Refinery Objectives: Develop a renewable, algae-based fuel that is fungible with existing refinery streams and qualifies as an advanced biofuel under Renewable Fuel Standards by demonstrating to refinery partners that algal bio-crude can be dropped directly into refineries at either the distillate hydrotreater, hydrotreating and fluidized catalytic cracking, or hydrocracking stages. Innovation: Algae oil production via hydrothermal treatment liquefaction process. Budget DOE Share $564,862; Industry Cost Share $281,473 Partners Tesoro Southwest Research Institute Baker Hughes Refinery Integration of Algae-Derived Bio-Oil 46 Bioenergy Technologies Office

47 Iowa State University Project Title: Stabilization of Bio-Oil Fractions for Insertion into Petroleum Refineries Objectives: Develop pyrolysis intermediates suitable as feedstocks for upgrading in a petroleum refinery to hydrocarbon fuels at insertion points downstream of distillation and vacuum distillation operations via recovery of bio-oil as four distinct fractions followed by stabilization through catalytic upgrading processes customized to the physical and chemical properties of each fraction. Innovation: Catalytic upgrading targeted to carbohydrate stabilization (aldol condensation, ketonization, oxydation, and hydrogenation), phenolic oligomer stabilization (hydrodeoxygenation), middle fraction stabilization (alkylation and hydrodeoxygenation), and stabilization of light ends (ketonization and hydrogenation). Budget DOE Share $750,000; Industry Cost Share $187,500 Partners Oklahoma University PNNL Selective Fractionation of Bio-Oil 47 Bioenergy Technologies Office

48 Gas Technology Institute (GTI) Project Title: Refinery Upgrading of Hydropyrolysis Oil from Biomass Objectives: To develop a cost effective route for biomass (corn stover and wood) to transportation fuels by first converting biomass to hydropyrolysis oil and then upgrading the hydropyrolysis oil in a petroleum oil refinery using existing refinery equipment. This will be accomplished by working closely with a major US petroleum refiner (Valero). The applicant will produce two preliminary engineering design packages: 1) for a hydropyrolysis demonstration scale facility and commercial scale facility to be located adjacent to a refinery and 2) for a unit converting cornstover at corn ethanol plants and shipping the hydropyrolysis oil to a nearby refinery. A risk analysis and cost comparison will be completed of the value hydropyrolysis and refinery upgrading versus integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of the biomass. Innovation: GTI has a unique hydropyrolysis technology that shows good potential to produce biofuels at competitive costs using two distribution approaches. The technology has the ability to produce its own hydrogen and produce low oxygen bio-oil intermediates, suitable for insertion into a refinery. Budget DOE Share: $3,231,386 Industry Cost Share: $866,125 Partners CRI Catalyst Company Valero, Cargill, MTU 48 Bioenergy Technologies Office

49 Enerkem: Heterogeneous Biorefinery Project ARRA Location Feedstock(s) Size Primary Products Capacity Pontotoc, Mississippi Municipal solid waste and wood residues 300 short tons (300 metric tons) per day Ethanol and methanol 10 million gallons per year Award Date March 2010 GHG Reduction 84% Anticipated Job Creation 210 construction jobs, permanent jobs Sister Plant in Edmonton, Alberta is under construction 49 Bioenergy Technologies Office

50 INEOS: Indian River County Bioenergy Center ARRA Location Feedstock(s) Vero Beach, Florida Vegetative and yard waste, MSW Size Primary Products Capacity Award Date GHG Reduction Anticipated Job Creation 300 dry tons per day Cellulosic ethanol, renewable power 8 million gallons per year and 6 megawatts (gross) of electricity generation August 2011 (Final) More than 90% GHG reduction compared to gasoline 400 direct and indirect jobs; 60 fulltime jobs July 31, 2013 Commercial production of Cellulosic Ethanol 50 Bioenergy Technologies Office

51 ClearFuels-Rentech: Diesel/Jet Production by Thermochemical Conversion of Wood Waste - ARRA Location Commerce City, Colorado Feedstock(s) Wood waste and Bagasse Size Primary Products Capacity 20 tons per day Renewable F-T Diesel and F-T Jet Fuel 420 gallons per day Award Date January 2010 GHG Reduction 80% reduction versus fossil product Anticipated Job Creation 12 sustained, 50 peak construction Feb 28, 2013 achieved 1000 hours of fully integrated operation, DOE project nearly complete 51 Bioenergy Technologies Office May Contain Business Sensitive and Proprietary Information

52 Haldor-Topsoe: Green Gasoline from Wood using Carbona Gasification - ARRA Location Houston, Texas (US HQ), Des Plaines, Illinois (Project Site) Feedstock(s) Wood pellets Size Primary Products Capacity 20 tons per day (6% moisture content) Renewable gasoline 345,000 gallons per year (approximate) Award Date December 29, 2009 GHG Reduction Anticipated Job Creation 92% reduction versus fossil product at commercial scale 35 jobs during peak construction and 25 sustained jobs during operation June 24, Production of gasoline from woody biomass in an integrated 20 bbl/day demonstration plant 52 Bioenergy Technologies Office May Contain Business Sensitive and Proprietary Information

53 REII - Pilot Integrated Biorefinery for the Economical Conversion of Biomass to Diesel Fuel - ARRA Location Toledo, Ohio (IBR site); Sacramento, California, and Maumee, Ohio (IBR Engineering) Feedstock(s) Agriculture and forest residues Size Primary Products 25 dry tons per day Synthetic diesel fuel Award Date January 2010 GHG Reduction Anticipated Job Creation 89% compared to petroleum-derived fuels 110 jobs during peak construction Plant construction, commissioning and validation completed 53 Bioenergy Technologies Office May Contain Business Sensitive and Proprietary Information

54 UOP, LLC - Pilot Scale Biorefinery: Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydroconversion - ARRA Location Kapolei, Oahu, Hawaii Feedstock(s) Agricultural and forestry residue, wood, energy crops, and algae Size Primary Products Capacity One ton per day Gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels Four barrels per day Award Date Early 2010 GHG Reduction Anticipated Job Creation 60% reduction versus fossil fuel equivalent 85 peak construction jobs and an average of 40 sustained per year during the project duration First phase of construction completed on time and under budget 54 Bioenergy Technologies Office

55 GTI Biomass To Gasoline and Diesel Using Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion - ARRA Location Feedstock(s) Size Primary Products Capacity Des Plaines, Illinois (Office and Project Site) Wood, agricultural byproducts, and algae Research and development Renewable gasoline and diesel Bench scale and 50 kilograms per day Award Date January 29, 2010 GHG Reduction Anticipated Job Creation > 85% reduction 10 Jobs over the life of the project Successful demonstration of IH2 process, beginning scale up activities for pilot/demo 55 Bioenergy Technologies Office May Contain Business Sensitive and Proprietary Information

56 Frontline Bioenergy, LLC Innovative Gasification to Produce Fischer-Tropsch Jet and Diesel Fuel (ipilot) Location Nevada, Iowa (Office and Project Site) Feedstock(s) Wood Waste and RDF Size 10 tons per day Primary Products F-T liquids upgraded to JP-5, JP-8 and F-76 Capacity 1 barrel per day Award Date TBD, in negotiations ***Note picture is from Frontline s commercial biomass gasifier project at the CVEC facility in Benson, MN 56 Bioenergy Technologies Office

57 Virent, Inc. Project Title: Fractional Multistage Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass and Catalytic Conversion into Hydrocarbons Objectives: Develop an improved multistage process for the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass to serve as a new front-end, deconstruction process ideally suited to feed Virent s well-proven catalytic technology, which is already being scaled up. This process will produce water soluble, partially deoxygenated intermediates that are ideally suited for catalytic finishing to fungible distillate hydrocarbons. Virent will utilize two high impact feedstocks; debarked loblolly pine and corn stover. Innovation: Novel multistage hydrothermal fractionation and separation process, which improves overall carbon conversion and can be combined with Virent s catalytic BioForming technology platform to produce distillate fuels. Budget: DOE Share $4,000,000 Cost Share $ 1,192,704 Partners: Idaho National Laboratory 57 Bioenergy Technologies Office