Innovative Tasks for the Gasinfrastructure in the Future. Dr. Jürgen Lenz, Vice president of DVGW Leoben 21. September 2012

Transcription

1 Innovative Tasks for the Gasinfrastructure in the Future Dr. Jürgen Lenz, Vice president of DVGW Leoben 21. September 2012

2 Structure of energy supply will change: vast number of renewable energy sources vast number of new applications political interference, subsidies increasing volatility declining demand on the heating market fossile energy esp. gas will not be a bottle neck due to the huge volumes of unconventional gas new technologies Page1

3 Role of gas in the future energy supply system Nuclear energy Coal CO 2 -separation Renewable energy, wind Power Gas Hydrogen Gas and steam combined cycle plant Natural gas Biogas - liquid manure, renewable sources, - biomass, wood Synthesis Gas (e.g. from coal with CO 2 -separation) Cogeneration of heat and power Utilisation of electricity energy and heat Page 2

4 Ambitious expansion until 2020: - ca. 35% of the power will be produced on renewable basis until i.e. because of the well known availabilities the installed capacities of wind and PV-Power will increase up to 150,000 MW until 2020 Page 3

5 Actual expansion-plans of the german federal states: installed capacity is twice of the demand capacity Installed capacity of renewable energy (GW) in 2020 Value calculated from data of federal states* Capacity specifications by transmission system operator Extrapolated value from actual value 2009 and rate of additions for Germany till 2020** Source: DENA (German Energy Agency) Page 4

6 Model of injection profile 201? from renewable energy in the power grid MW 70'000 PV Wind-Onshore Wind-Offshore - Renewable energy yield a shift from demand to suply driven logistics structure. - It is not feasible with existing grid structure. - Therefore the construction of energy storage is urgently necessary. 60'000 50'000 40'000 30'000 20'000 10' h Source: Prognos AG Page 5

7 Expansion of power grid as the solution? Only when the capacity of the renewable energy is less than the total demand, there will exist a chance to switch the capacity inland and abroad Storage is unavoidable when the capacity is above the total demand Page 6

8 Stability of power grid requires a parallel structure of Power conversion systems to reduce the load of the power grids Storage systems * Re-electrification by Centralized power stations (gas) and Decentralized CHP- and micro CHP-Systems Page 8

9 Enhancement of wind power requires huge storage capacities ( ) Installed and available capacity of renewables (Wind & PV) Allocation function of production capacity 1. Power demand Grid extension Load management Grid capacity Sales curve Rectangle = Yearly kilowatt hours 1 2. Load management comes to contrains 3. Limitation of grid extension 4. Over production: switch off renewable plants 5. Peak shaving = complete use of renewable power Availabilty in hours per year 8760 Page 9

10 Crucial is the construction of energy storage. The storage of chemical energy offers the biggest potential Discharge time [h] CAES: PHS: H 2, SNG: Source: Research Center Jülich Compressed Air Energy Storage (Druckluftspeicherkraftwerk) Pumped Hydro Storage (Pumpspeicherwerk) Hydrogen, Synthetic Natural Gas (Underground storage includes the reelectrification in combined cycle power plant) Page 10

11 Electrolysis as the basic technology for hydrogen production from peak wind energy Well known technology, to optimize economically for the sake of flexibility Built on a few strategic grid positions by using exsiting infrastructure, much more economic than power grid expansion for peak load purpose Very huge storage capacity Very high efficiency, per re-electrification through power-fed cogeneration plant with waste heat utilisation Eliminates limitations for the expansion of renewable power sources Page 13

12 Use of renewable power surplus according to the Exergy Order Use as long as possible in the power grid Hydrogen-electrolysis and injection in gas grid (efficiency: ca. 80 %) In case of grid limitations (for H 2 ): methanation (20 % conversion loss) Methanation is an important phase for producing methane as feedstock, e.g. for chemical industry Page 7

13 Intersection points between the transportation grids of natural gas and power Natural gas storage Gas transportation grid > 60 bar Power grid 220 kv Power grid 380 kv Page 11

14 For the subject of hydrogen, DVGW brings the best qualifications: Further development of regulations o o o Today with 5% admixture For most grid constellations, doubling of the amount is not critical Research institutes investigate further possibilities to shift to higher concentration Grid knowledge o o How much hydrogen can be introduced At which positions, esp. transit lines System knowledge o How much hydrogen can be stored temporarily for discharging during the wind-poor phase Page 15

15 There are further options: coal power plant will be clean by way of hydrogen technology - CCS becomes redundant! Use of CO 2 from coal electricity for methanisation of hydrogen to synthetic methane (synth. gas) Injection into gas grid CCS becomes redundant Page 16

16 How much does P2G cost? Investment in electrolysers and accordingly methanisation is a small part Operation mode for peak or for continuous (band) production of H 2 Electricity pricing Evaluation of storage function P2G and re-electrification must be considered together Page 17

17 Re-electrification by: Combined cycle plant Gas turbine power plant Decentral cogeneration systems with inteligent waste heat utilisation Page 18

18 Political orientation Meseberg : Gasheating system Power + waste heat utilization Power production Single family house Centralize heat - supply Combined heat and power station Decentralize electricity supply Power plant Decentalized CHP systems: higher potential of intelligent waste heat utilization Page 19

19 Interdependency between waste heat recovery and insulation of the buildings Building insulation is the central component of the energy saving strategy with significant costs. The same amount of CO 2 target could be achieved by technologies, with low costs Program for insulation of building will be further developed The expense will be up to 60 billion per year till 2050 BUT: o The waste heat are not used with gas power plant o By decentral cogeneration plants, the waste heat will be used o Direct correlation to expenses for insulation Page 20

20 Heating demand in buildings: a leverage effect only appears with existing building % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percentage Anteil of living der Wohnfläche space Source: BMVBS 2007 Heating demand Heizwärmebedarf of single family von EFH in house kwh/min 2 akwh/m 2 a bis Page 24

21 The result from this are: Electricity-feed operation mode for adjustment of renewable electricity sources, integration in smart grid system Intelligent waste heat utilisation with substitution of today s electrical utilisations Power production with comparable electric efficiency as gas-fired power plant Page 26

22 Potential of heat utilisation from cogeneration Natural gas Motor, Generator Electricity Export Biogas, H 2 Own use Electricitycredit 400 C Storage Cooling energy/fridge <100 C Storage Highest primary energy efficiency, power production tailored to suit the market need Cooling Washing maschine Dish washer Tap water Radiator Page 27

23 Fuell Cells Change the physical principle combustion process with the limitation of the law of Carnot electrochemical reaction without this limitation Therefore high conversion efficiency from gas to power Page 29

24 Fuel cell: high efficiecy with SOFC-technology Thermal power (W) AC Export power (w) Source: CFCL Heinsberg Page 30

25 Programm for insulation of buildings up to 60 billion Euros per year till 2050 as the success of the lobby work of building and insulation industry BUT: ERROR in reasoning: The waste heat are not used with gas power plant By decentral cogeneration plants, the waste heat will be used, and directly comparable with the expenses for insulation Page 21

26 Economic potential of gas technologies, II Accumulated for Time Duration ( with respect to trend) Energy concept ES 0 Innovations-offensive Gas IS 0 Innovations-offensive Gas IS 3 Additional investment 187,9 billion 72,7 billion 99,7 billion -> Heating in existing buildings -/- 69,3 billion 69,3 billion -> Heating in new buildings -/- 3,4 billion. 3,4 billion -> Thermal insulation in existing buildings 185,3 billion -/- 27,0 billion -> Thermal insulation in new buildings 2,6 billion -/- -/- Energy costs -113,8 billion - 44,1 billion - 54,9 billion Benifits from cogeneration credit - 1,4 billion 25,4 billion 25,4 billion Net additional costs 75,5 billion 3,2 billion 19,4 billion CO 2 emission (cogeneration credit*) mio. tco mio. tco mio. tco 2 Specific abatement cost 120 /tco 2 6 /tco 2 30 /tco 2 Source: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Systemforschung und Technologische Entwicklung (IEK-STE), Prof. Hake Page 33 *) Kraftwerk-Mix nach EWI/GWS/Prognos 2010

27 Characteristics of the innovative concept for gas and the gas infrastructure: Gas will play a major role for the overall energy supply system Energy supply will be based on power and gas grid H 2 -electrolysis reduces the volatility of power grid and enables a huge storage capacity in combination with gas grid Allows an enhancement of wind power Decentralized efficient (micro)-chp-systems enable the compensation of PV on DSO-level Reduces power demand using waste heat Inteligent waste heat utilization optimizes the insulation expenditure on houses Page 36

28 Future prospects: P2G: o Pilot projects, Flex-operation mode, costs degression o Maximum permissible value of H 2 o Optimization of methane synthesis (Sabatier) Decentral cogeneration o o optimal cogeneration for building types Air conditioning, further substution of electricity applications. Architecture smart grid for integration of cogeneration and renewable energy Page 37

29 Future prospects: Master plan on the basis of dynamic simulation of wind and PV for optimal planing of: o Electricity and gas grids, electrolysis locations,etc o Required re-electrification capacity o Cogeneration share estimation o Waste heat for heating and cooling market estimation o Assessment of alternative for today s electricity application o Question of: constraints of expansion of wind and PV Page 38

30 Thank you for your attention.

31 Back up

32 The consequences are obvious: Fast increase in efficiency through replacement of oldest boilers in existing building with highest specific heat demand Demand downturn for gas in this sector Consideration of removal of gas supply Page 1

33 Convergence of grids on distribution level Integrated energy supply system, especially by cogeneration Increased use of gas for electricity production Gas as flexibility s element to balance the fluctuated electricity sources The surplus production of electricity is stored at the next voltage level Rule of the game must be defined! Page 2

34 Cogeneration plants - also smaller plants - achieve the electricity conversion efficiencies as those of the big plants The waste heat can contribute to reduction of insulation expenses by decentral electricity production especially in existing building The results for different types of buildings have been received Page 3

35 Gas (natural gas, biogas, hydrogen, synthetic methane) is an essential component of the future energy system. The 4 core elements are: 1. Biogas as based load renewable energy 2. Intake and storage of hydrogen / sythetic methane in gas grid for the stability of power grid 3. Electrity-fed cogernation with high efficiency for balancing wind energy and photovoltaics 4. Intelligent use of waste heat from cogeneration to reduce insulation expenses on buildings and to replace electricity applications in heat production Page 4

36 The injection of fluctuated electricity amount increases significantly. This will continue Wind power supply, December 2009 / January 2010 Wind energy in MW Hours Wind power supply max MW, min 270 MW Source: DENA Vortrag auf dem EVU Gipfel 2010 in Heiligendamm Page 5

37 Future prospects: Master plan on the basis of dynamic simulation of wind and PV for optimal planing of: o Electricity and gas grids, electrolysers locations,etc o Required re-electrification capacity o Cogenration share estimation o Waste heat for heating and cooling market estimation o Assessment of alternative for today s electricity application o Question of: constraints of expansion of wind and PV Page 6

38 Challenge of the system: electrical heat pump with increasing higher renewable share and electrical efficiency of combined cycle power plant + heat from Environment Cogeneration plants with high electricity conversion + intelligent waste heat utilisation + renewable share in feedstock Page 7

39 Intake capacity of natural gas grid for hydrogen some assumptions Ca TWh energy was distributed through natural gas grid in year 2010 (electrivity grid ca. 580 TWh) Intake capacity of natural gas grid for different scenarios: 1) 100% of wind energy production of year 2009 would be added to the natural gas grid, average hydrogen percentage is 7,8 Vol.-% 2) 20 % of wind energy production from IEKP (Integrate Energy and Climate Programe) target 2020 (ca. 15 TWh/a) as the accepted surplus electricity would be added in natural gas grid, average hydrogen percentage of 4 Vol.-% Page 14

40 The structure of energy demand in households is (still) strongly characterised by heat demand 2% 5% Raumwärme 2% 1%1% Beleuchtung 9% 2% Elektrogeräte IuK-Geräte Kraft Sonstige Warmwasser Kochen 78% Quelle: Source: Prognos Prognos 2007 AG 2007 Page 22

41 The updating of legal guidelines indicates a further drop of energy demand in buildings Existing Buildings Source: BEE 2009 WSVO: Wärmeschutzverordnung (Thermal Insulation Directive) EnEV: Energieeinsparverordnung (Energy Saving Directive ) Page 23

42 The challenge of the systems has increased. Gas must find its new position there Electrical heat pumps become more interesting with renewable energy share and better electrical efficiency in power production The solution is: Cogeneration with high electrical efficiency PLUS intelligent waste heat utilisaiton PLUS renewable components in feedstock Page 25

43 Electrical efficiency of combined heat and power plants Today s situation Potential: Future natural gas-combined heat and power generation plant will reach approximately the electrical efficiency of today s diesel plants. 40 Eta el. in % Eta el. in % Pel. in kw Erdgas, Magermotor Erdgas, 3 Wege-Kat Dieselmotor Pel. in kw (Source: Manufacture data) Page 28

44 Example: SOFC technology in 2kW-range Update by simplification Power Management System Flue Including waste heat recovery Fuel Cell Module Gas cleaning Airblower Water treatment Srouce: CFCL Heinsberg Page 31

45 Integration of renewable energy in our energy supply can only succeed by way of a systematic approach! Macro level: primary energy, usage paths Grid level: Smart grids Heat market, Heating and cooling: Heat- and systemintegration Page 34

46 The networking of different sub areas of energy supply will be realized by smart gas grid Active part for balancing of energy supply of a region (Dispatching Center) Multi-loop control system Cogeneration with electricity-feed and good modulation replaces part of the otherwise required electricity storage Virtual power plant Page 35

47 Intake capacity of natural gas grid for hydrogen some assumptions Ca TWh energy was distributed through natural gas grid in year 2010 (electrivity grid ca. 580 TWh) Intake capacity of natural gas grid for different scenarios: 1) 100% of wind energy production of year 2009 would be added to the natural gas grid, average hydrogen percentage is 7,8 Vol.-% 2) 20 % of wind energy production from IEKP (Integrate Energy and Climate Programe) target 2020 (ca. 15 TWh/a) as the accepted surplus electricity would be added in natural gas grid, average hydrogen percentage of 4 Vol.-% Page 14

48 Optimization: insulation investment vs. system engineering Research center has developed a scenario with increased use of cogenration but without optimized waste heat utilisation Insulation thickness were investigated for different building types corresponding with cogeneration-waste heat utilisation by Modelika Page 32