SAHC D5. Components and functional schemes for SAHC in target sectors DATE: 14/04/2009 VERSION: V 2.0 RESPONSABLE: LAURA SISÓ ORIOL GAVALDÀ OTHERS:

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1 Roger de Llúria 29, 3r 2a Barcelona Tel.: (+34) Fax: (+34) SAHC D5 Components and functional schemes for SAHC in target sectors DATE: 14/04/2009 VERSION: V 2.0 RESPONSABLE: LAURA SISÓ ORIOL GAVALDÀ OTHERS:

2 INDEX 1 ABSTRACT 3 2 INTRODUCTION WP 3. EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND BEST PRACTICES. OVERVIEW TASK 3.1 STUDIES, BEST PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES TASK 3.2 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL SCHEMES 5 3 EQUIPMENT MARKET SURVEY SOLAR COLLECTORS THERMALLY DRIVEN CHILLERS 21 4 SPECIFIC COSTS SPECIFIC COSTS SPECIFIC COSTS CURVES AND FUNCTIONS SOLAR COLLECTORS AND AUXILIARIES AUXILIARY HEATING SYSTEM SOLAR COLD PRODUCTION RE-COOLING STORAGE BACK-UP COLD PRODUCTION CONTROL SYSTEM & ELECTRICITY & MONITORING DESIGN AND PLANNING 39 5 CONFIGURATION SCHEMES 41 2

3 1 ABSTRACT This report contents the results of activity WP 3 Evaluation of available technologies and best practices included in the project SAHC Promotion of solar assisted heating and cooling in the agrofood sector. The report D5 contents, in the first chapter, a selection of the main equipment present nowadays in the market for solar cooling plants. The solar collectors and thermally driven chillers more suitable for application in the agrofood sector, related with demand profile and performance have been selected. For each selected example, a range of size and characteristics have been presented. In the second chapter, the hydraulic scheme of basic configuration of a solar heating and cooling system applicable in agrofood sector is described. 3

4 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 WP 3. EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND BEST PRACTICES. OVERVIEW The WP3 of SAHC consists of an identification of the best practices and technical guidelines at the present status of the art for solar assisted heating and cooling systems. Besides the description of the technology collected from on-going and finished projects, also the evaluation of performance and costs of available technologies for low temperature absorption cooling has been done in the framework of this activity. It includes solar thermal collectors and storage and absorption chillers. Finally the knowhow learnt has been reflected in functional schemes, including solar collectors, absorption chillers, thermal storage and back-up systems for the application of solar assisted heating and cooling systems in the agro-food sector. This work-package has been divided in two subtasks: 1. Task 3.1 Studies, best practices and guidelines 2. Task 3.2 Technology analysis and functional schemes The present report collects the results of TASK TASK 3.1 STUDIES, BEST PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES In this subtask, the technology description and the best practices on demonstration projects for solar driven cooling applicable to industrial production have been assessed. The information has been collected from previously funded EU projects and collaboration networks as TASK 25 and TASK 38 of the International Energy Agency, Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, as it is listed below: 1. Task 25. Solar Assisted Air-Conditioning of Buildings. IEA-SHC Programme 2. Task 38. Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration. IEA-SHC Programme 3. POSHIP: The Potential of Solar Heat in Industrial Processes. EC DG Energy and Transport. Coordinator: Aiguasol Enginyeria. (Contract NNE ) 4. Climasol. Solar air conditioning guide. EC DG Energy and Transport. 5. SACE. Solar Air Conditioning in Europe. EC Research Directorate General ROCOCO. Reduction of costs of solar cooling systems (contract No TREN/05/FP6EN/S /020094) 7. SOLAIR. Increasing the market implementation of Solar-Air conditioning systems for small and medium applications in residential and commercial buildings (contract no EIE/06/034/SI ) 8. SHADA.Sustainable Habitat Design Adviser. 4

5 2.3 TASK 3.2 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL SCHEMES From previous activities in the project, the information about the most suitable equipment for solar assisted heating and cooling systems in agro-food sector has been determined. Components, ranges of size and characteristics have been defined. A survey has been performed on the market, contacting producers of components, to update the available information. A number of manufacturers for each component have been selected and the average performances and range of cost has been defined. This part of the study has evaluated: The applicability of available technologies for solar driven cooling with relation to the load profiles identified before and to different typologies of solar collectors (in relation to the temperature needed for the heat source and to the different climatic conditions) The configuration and operational modes presently applied for the integration of solar assisted heating and cooling systems. 5

6 3 EQUIPMENT MARKET SURVEY This chapter shows some of the present equipment on the market suitable for application of solar heating and cooling plants. The main components of those plants are the solar collectors and the thermally driven chillers. 3.1 SOLAR COLLECTORS The solar thermal collectors most appropriate for solar cooling applications require a good efficiency at high temperatures of operation. The examples show some of the products well established in the market as well as some of the most recent developments in the range of medium temperature collectors (from 80 ºC to 250 ºC) The data sheet presented for each case show the following information: Manufacturer: data of the manufacturer or provider that supplies the equipment General features: general description of the equipment Collector parameters: main data of the equipment for flat-plate and evacuated tube collectors (optical efficiency, losses coefficients, IAM, etc.) References: some references on solar cooling were the equipment has been applied Picture: image of the equipment Dimensions: main physical dimensions of the equipment Operating temperature level: appropriate temperature level of operation Stagnation temperature: the highest temperature which can occur in the collector for conditions under which no energy is withdrawn from the collector. Specific costs: cost per unit of surface of solar collector Delivering time: time when the provider supplies the equipment. 6

7 Manufacturer SUNDA Company name Sunda Solartechnik GmbH Contact person n.a. address Schurwaldstrasse 13 D Waiblingen web phone/fax +49 (0) / +49 (0) General features flow medium description hot water Evacuated tube collector, heat pipe with dry connection Collector parameters η a 1 W/m 2 /K 2.04 a 2 W/m 2 /K K(Θ)l ong -50º K(Θ) trans -50º [referred to absorber area] References name use city country Cultural Center Sebah social Sebah Libyen M&W Zander office Stuttgart Germany Picture

8 Dimensions seido 1-4 seido 1-8 seido 1-16 number tubes gross area m absorber area m length mm width mm height mm weight module kg Operating temperature level min ºC 80 max ºC 110 Stagnation temperature Ambient temp. ºC n.a Irradiation W/m 2 n.a Stagnation temp. ºC n.a Specific costs Min price /m Max price /m [referred to absorber area, 2008, Spain prices including discount] Delivering time n.a.

9 Manufacturer ÖKOTECH Company name ökotech Produktionsgesellschaft für Umwelttechnik mbh Contact person address Puchstrasse 85, 8020 Graz, Austria web phone/fax +43 (0) / +43 (0) General features flow medium description hot water Double-covered flat-plate collector with large-area modules "The Gluatmugl HT collector achieves low heat loss values with the aid of a double cover: in addition to the outer glazing, an inner cover was added to reduce convective heat losses. The outer cover consists of a high-transmission solar glass ( ). The inner cover consists of a transparent and high temperature resistant plastic film (Teflon FEP100) stretched at collector assembly in order to reduce slack. A back insulation of 120 mm mineral wool, that is thicker than in standard flat-plate collectors, has also been incorporated to reduce heat losses on high working temperatures" [1]. Collector parameters η a 1 W/m 2 /K 2.58 a 2 W/m 2 /K [mesured in the EN12975 test:2006 by Arsenal Research-Vienna] References name use city country Solar plant AEVG Graz district heating Graz Austria Picture

10 Dimensions Gluatmugl HT 14.3 Gluatmugl HT 12.0 Gluatmugl HT 10.5 gross area m length mm width mm height mm Operating temperature level min ºC 80 max ºC 120 Stagnation temperature Ambient temp. ºC 30 Irradiation W/m Stagnation temp. ºC 218 [mesured in the EN12975 test] Specific costs Min price /m Max price /m [referred to gross area, 2007] Delivering time n.a. [1] Weiss, Werner and Rommel, MatthiasProcess Heat Collectors. State of the Art within Task 33/IV. 2008

11 Manufacturer Company name Contact person address web phone/fax General features flow medium description SCHÜCO Schüco International KG R. Sillmann Karolinestr. 1-15, Bielefeld, Germany n.a. hot water Double-glazed flat-plate collector with anti-reflective glass The space between glass panes is filled with an inert gas to reduce the heat conductivity. The materials are appropriate to work at high temperatures, and the design adequate to industrial production. Collector parameters η a 1 W/m 2 /K 2.4 a 2 W/m 2 /K [mesured in the EN12975 test] References name use city country Picture

12 Dimensions gross area m length mm 2152 width mm 1252 height mm 108 Operating temperature level min ºC 80 max ºC 150 Stagnation temperature Ambient temp. ºC 30 Irradiation W/m Stagnation temp. ºC 235 [mesured in the EN12975 test] Specific costs list price /m [referred to gross area, 2007, installation excluded] Delivering time n.a.

13 Manufacturer SOLARFOCUS Company name SOLARFOCUS GmbH Contact person Andreas Simetzberger address Werkstrasse, St. Ulrich / Steyr, Austria web n.a. phone/fax +43 (0) / +43 (0) General features flow medium description hot water The CPC collector is covered with flat glass and nine absorberreflector units mounted in parallel Collector parameters η a 1 W/m 2 /K 2.7 a 2 W/m 2 /K References name use city country SoCold-IES Agustí Sera training classroom Sabadell Spain Picture

14 Dimensions gross area m length mm 2405 width mm 1155 height mm 70 Operating temperature level min ºC 80 max ºC 120 Stagnation temperature Ambient temp. ºC n.a. Irradiation W/m 2 n.a. Stagnation temp. ºC n.a. Specific costs list price /m [referred to gross area; expected price; collector not in the market in 2007] Delivering time n.a.

15 Manufacturer SOLITEM PTC 1800 Company name SOLITEM GmbH Contact person Klaus Henneecke; A. Lokurlu address Dennewart Str Aachen, Germany web phone/fax +43 (0) / +43 (0) General features flow medium description water steam / thermo oil Parabolic trough collector "This parabolic trough collector system is assembled from modules with an aperture area of 9 m 2 each. The concentrator consists of aluminum sheet kept in shape by specially manufactured aluminum profiles. Additional stiffness is provided by a torsion tube mounted at the back of the concentrator. Up to four modules installed in a series form a row; five rows can be connected to a single drive unit that is tracked via a rope and pulley arrangement. Mounted in the focal line is a stainless steel absorber tube with a 38 mm diameter that has been galvanically coated with a selective surface. A nonevacuated glass envelope redues the convective heat losses from the absorber." [1] References name use city country Ball-bearing factory factory Ankara Turkey Sarigerme Park hotel Dalaman Turkey Gran Kaptan hotel Alanya Turkey Picture

16 Dimensions Module properties focal length mm 780 length mm 5090 width mm 1800 height mm 260 support structures Al-profiles mm 0.8 Al-sheet mm 0.8 reflector Al-coating mm 0.5 Absorption tube material stainless steel coating selective ext. diameter mm 38 wall thickness mm 1.25 Glass envelope ext. diameter mm 65 wall thickness mm 2.2 Operating temperature level min ºC n.a. max ºC 200 Stagnation temperature Not applicable, system will defocus to avoid excessive temperature. Specific costs Min price /m 2 n.a. Max price /m 2 n.a. [series production not yet available, 2007] Delivering time n.a. [1] Weiss, Werner and Rommel, MatthiasProcess Heat Collectors. State of the Art within Task 33/IV. 2008

17 Manufacturer Company name Contact person address web phone/fax General features flow medium description PSE Linear Fresnel Process Heat Collector PSE AG Andreas Häberle Emmy-Noether Str Freiburg, Germany n.a. pressurised water / other thermal fluids Linear Fresnel Collector "The collector is ideally suited for installations of flat roofs due to its low wind load and high ground coverage. Eleven individually tracked mirror rows concentrate the direct sunlight to a stationary vacuum tube receiver with secondary CPC reflector. The collector size is modular in steps of 4m lenghth (22 m 2 ). The aperture area of the linear Fresnel collector is defined as the glass area of the primary reflectors. In the case of a parabolic though this area is defined as the projection of the curved reflector area. The following optical efficiency value is based on this reference area."[1] Collector parameters η a 1 W/m 2 /K - a 2 W/m 2 /K [modelled with q=a 2 ΔT 2 References name use city country Freiburg - Freiburg Germany Medisco Project NH 3 /H 2 O chiller Bergamo Italy Gas Natural Company LiBr chiller Sevilla Spain Picture

18 Dimensions Module properties focal length mm 4000 length mm 4000 [each step; 22 m 2 modular] width mm 7500 aperture width mm 5500 single reflector width mm 500 Operating temperature level min ºC 150 max ºC 200 [with pressurized water] Stagnation temperature Not applicable, system will defocus single reflector rows to avoid excessive temperature. A battery back-up mantains power for controlled shut down in case of power outage Specific costs Min price /m 2 n.a. Max price /m [installed price, 2008; expected to be reduce until 300 /m 2 ] Delivering time n.a. [1] Weiss, Werner and Rommel, MatthiasProcess Heat Collectors. State of the Art within Task 33/IV. 2008

19 Manufacturer CCStaR Concentrating Collector with Stationary Reflector Company name TSC Tecnologia Solar Concentradora Contact person Jaume Salom address Roger de Llúria 29, 3r-2a Barcelona, Spain web n.a. phone/fax / General features flow medium description n.a. Fixed mirror solar concentrator "The collector consists of an array of evacuated tubes forming a receiver grid linked to the reflector through a set of articulated arms. These arms position the grid according to the transversal reflectorsun angle. The reflecting surface consists of 16 high-reflectivity aluminum sheets integrated into specially moulded sandwich structures and assembled together to fom modules of 24 m 2. The receiver grid consists of 32 standard "Sydney tubes" connected to two fluid collectors."[1] Collector parameters η a 1 W/m 2 /K n.a. a 2 W/m 2 /K 2 n.a. References name use city country Universitat Illes Balears laboratory Palma de Mallorca Spain Picture

20 Dimensions Module properties focal length mm 800 length mm 6000 width mm 4400 [each module; there are 4 modules] Operating temperature level min ºC 90 max ºC 160 Stagnation temperature Ambient temp. ºC 20 Irradiation W/m Stagnation temp. ºC 295 Specific costs Min price /m 2 n.a. Max price /m [expected prices; nowadays only prototype is available] Delivering time n.a. [1] Weiss, Werner and Rommel, MatthiasProcess Heat Collectors. State of the Art within Task 33/IV. 2008

21 3.2 THERMALLY DRIVEN CHILLERS The solar cooling systems can use all the thermally driven chillers present on the market that are water fired or steam fired. These equipment have been usually developed to use waste heat in industrial processes, or to be applied with cogeneration units or district heating networks. Depending on the temperature level required in the water or the steam in the generator, the solar collector field must be selected to obtain a good performance at that temperature level. As well, depending on the kind of cycle, single effect or double effect the coefficient of performance of the chiller can be around 0.7 (single effect) or around 1.2 (double effect). The common market of thermally driven chillers was extended for large capacities, from 150 kw (cooling capacity) to 3 MW. Some Asian manufacturers introduced the first models for capacities under 100 kw with the limit of 35 kw. However, some low capacity units (from 5 to 30 kw) have been recently developed from several European manufacturers. The thermally driven chillers can work with different pairs of absorbent-refrigerant. Each one offers special features: LiBr-H 2 O: this is the most extended for air-conditioning applications to produce cold water between 7 ºC and 18 ºC. H 2 O-NH 3 : this system permits to obtain temperatures below 0ºC for freezing and industrial processes. LiCl-H 2 O: new recent development has been introduced in the market with this pair of substances for low capacity applications. The advantage is that the LiCl permit to form crystals to store the energy in the absorbent. The data sheet presented for each case show the following information: Manufacturer: data of the manufacturer or provider that supplies the equipment General features: general description of the equipment Product data sheet: main data of the equipment such as the cooling capacity, the nominal temperatures (input and output) for each of the circuits (generator, evaporator and condenser-absorber) and the limit temperature (input or output) for each of the circuits, the power capacity, the dimensions and the weight. References: some references on solar cooling were the equipment has been applied Picture: image of the equipment Recommended flow sheet: in several cases the manufacturer suggests a certain flow-sheet. Performance: graph of capacity and coefficient of performance depending on the different temperature levels of operation. Specific costs: cost per unit of surface of solar collector Delivering time: time when the provider supplies the equipment. 21

22 Manufacturer YAZAKI Company name Yazaki Europe Limited Contact person Jens Niemeyer address Robert-Bosch-Straße Köln, Germany web phone/fax +49 (0) / +49 (0) General features fired by cycle refrigerant absorbent hot water ABSORPTION SINGLE-EFFECT water LiBr (lithium-bromide) Product data sheet unit model WFC-SC5 WFC-SC10 WFC-SC20 WFC-SC30 cooling capacity kw COP nominal chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tout ºC heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tin ºC heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tin ºC power capacity W dimensions mm 594x744x x970x x1300x x1545x2065 weight in operation kg n.a References name use city country Fontedoso industry El Oso, Avila Spain Solar Lab Demokritos laboratories Athens Greece Banyuls wine cellar winery Banyuls France Recommended flow-sheet Picture

23 Performance WFC-SC10 WFC-SC20 WFC-SC30 WFC-SC30 Specific costs WFC-SC5 WFC-SC10 WFC-SC20 WFC-SC30 Price /kw [prices of 2007; country reference Spain] Delivering time 3 months

24 Manufacturer BROAD Company name Broad Air Conditioning Europe SAS Contact person address 7 rue Corneille, Paris, France web info@yazaki-airconditioning.com phone/fax +33 (1) / +33 (1) General features fired by cycle refrigerant absorbent hot water ABSORPTION DOUBLE-EFFECT water LiBr (lithium-bromide) Product data sheet unit model BH 20 cooling capacity kw 233 COP nominal chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tout ºC heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC (0.8 Mpa) limits Tin ºC heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tin ºC power capacity W 1400 dimensions mm 3600x1450x2240 weight in operation kg 4600 References name use city country Duke Solar Air-conditioning North Carolina USA Recommended flow-sheet Picture

25 Performance Specific costs BH20 Price /kw 360 [prices of 2006; country reference Spain] Delivering time 4-10 months

26 Manufacturer EAW Company name EAW Energieanlagenbau GmbH Contact person Gregor Weidner, Executive director address Oberes Tor 106, Westenfeld, Germany web phone/fax / General features fired by cycle refrigerant absorbent hot water ABSORPTION SINGLE-EFFECT water LiBr (lithium-bromide) Product data sheet unit model WEGRACAL SE 15 WEGRACAL SE 50 cooling capacity kw COP nominal chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tout ºC n.a. n.a heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tin ºC n.a n.a heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tin ºC n.a n.a power capacity W dimensions mm 1750x820x x1100x2311 weight in operation kg WFC-SC10 from proceedings of 2nd IC Solar Air Conditioning,Tarragona 2007 and WFC-SC50 from catalogue References name use city country Schüco International KG office Bielefeld Germany Eppan office Eppan Italy Dresden laboratory Dresden Germany Recommended flow-sheet Picture

27 Performance Specific costs WEGRACAL SE 15 WEGRACAL SE 50 Price /kw [prices of 2007; country reference Germany ] n.a. Delivering time n.a.

28 Manufacturer PINK SOLARNEXT (distributor) Company name PINK GmbH SOLARNEXT (distributor) Contact person address Bahnhofstrasse 22, Langenwang, Austria Nordstrasse 10, Rimsting, Germany web phone/fax +43 (0) 3854/ /490 General features fired by cycle refrigerant absorbent hot water ABSORPTION SINGLE-EFFECT NH3 (ammonia) water Product data sheet unit model chilli PSC10 cooling capacity kw 10 COP nominal chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC other range ºC heat supply circuit (Evaporator limit 0 / -5 ºC) Tin-Tout nom. ºC other range ºC heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC other range ºC power capacity W 300 dimensions mm 800x600x220 weight in operation kg 350 References name use city country Bachler Austria GmbH office Gröbming Austria Recommended flow-sheet Picture

29 Performance Specific costs Price /kw n.a. [prices of 2007; country reference Germany ] Delivering time n.a.

30 Manufacturer SORTECH Company name Sortech AG Contact person Walter Mittelbach / Walter Oblin address Weinbergweg 23 Halle (Saale), Germany web office@sortech.de phone/fax +49 (0) / +49 (0) General features fired by cycle refrigerant adsorbent hot water (generated by solar thermal plant, process, district or any other kind of waste heat) ADSORPTION water silica gel Product data sheet unit model ACS 08 ACS 15 cooling capacity kw COP nominal chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tout ºC - - heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tin ºC - - heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC limits Tin ºC - - power capacity W 9 12 dimensions mm 790x1060x x1350x1450 weight in operation kg The ACS unit is offered in combination with the tailored re-cooler RCS, featuring a fresh water sprying system and efficient EC-fan technology References name use city country SoCold-IES Agusti Serra training classroom Sabadell Spain Picture ACS 08 ACS 15 RCS 08 Photographer: Lightpollution Copyright: SORTECH AG

31 Performance Performance curves Radiant floor Fan-coil T_LT IN/OUT: 18/15 C (min.) T_LT IN/OUT: 15/10 C (min.) dv/dt HT/MT/NT: 1600/3700/2000 l/h dv/dt HT/MT/NT: 1600/3700/1600 l/h Q0 [kw] C 3 75 C 2 85 C 1 90 C T_MT_IN [ C] Q 0 [kw] C 75 C 85 C 90 C T_MT_IN [ C] COP 0,6 0,55 0,5 0,45 0,4 0,35 0,3 65 C 0,25 75 C 85 C 0,2 90 C T_MT_IN [ C] 0, COP 0,6 0,55 0,5 0,45 0,4 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 65 C 75 C 85 C 90 C T_MT_IN [ C] Recommended flow-sheet Specific costs Price /kw n.a. Delivering time n.a

32 Manufacturer CLIMATEWELL Company name ClimateWell AB Contact person Per Olofsson address Instrumentvägen 20, Hägersten, Stockholm, Sweden web phone/fax +46 (0) / +46 (0) General features fired by cycle refrigerant absorbent hot water ABSORPTION SINGLE-EFFECT (small capacity) water LiCl Product data sheet unit model CLIMATEWELL TM 10 cooling capacity kw 10 (maximum 20 kw) COP nominal chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC n.a - 17ºC limits Tout ºC heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC n.a limits Tin ºC (120 ºC short periods) heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC n.a. limits Tin ºC power capacity W 210 dimensions mm 760x1060x940 weight in operation kg 260 References name use city country Recommended flow-sheet Picture Several flow sheets depending the use and the re-cooling system. Check in catalogue

33 Performance Ths: temperature from the heat sink Specific costs Price /kw 1250 [prices of 2007; country reference Germany ] Delivering time n.a

34 4 SPECIFIC COSTS 4.1 SPECIFIC COSTS The SAHC plant has been divided in the following subsystems. 10 Investment-material 11 Solar collectors SC Collectors and structure 111 Flat plate collectors FPC 112 Evacuated tube collectors ETC 12 Solar collectors auxiliaries SCA Piping, pumps, expansion vessel, insulation, heat exchanger, valves in primary circuit and secondary circuit until tank 121 FPC or ETC 13 Auxiliary heating system AHS Boiler + auxiliaries (pumps, valves, pipes, insulation, structure or concrete platform) 131 Gas boiler 14 Solar cold production SCP Sorption chiller of DEC unit + auxiliaries (pumps, valves, pipes, insulation, air ducts, structure or concrete platform). Not re-cooling loop 141 Absorption chiller AB 15 Recooling REC Cooling water, dry cooling + auxiliaries (pumps, valves, pipes, insulation, structure or concrete platform) + water treatment device 151 Cooling tower 152 Others 16 Storage STG Heat and cold storage + auxiliaries (insulation, structure or concrete platform). In this case, pipes, pumps and valves belong to other item 17 Back-up cold production BCP Back-up compression chiller or air-treatment unit + auxiliaries (pumps, valves, pipes, insulation, structure or concrete platform) 171 Vapour compression chiller CCH 18 Control system and electricity CSE Controller, electric panel, sensors used for control, relays, wiring 19 Monitoring MON Monitoring hardware and software, modem, sensors, flowmeters, wiring, energy meters 20 Investment-installation 21 Solar collectors SC Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 211 Flat plate collectors FPC 212 Evacuated tube collectors ETC 22 Solar field auxiliaries SCA Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 121 FPC or ETC 23 Auxiliary heating system AHS Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 231 Gas boiler 24 Solar cold production SCP Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 241 Absorption chiller AB 25 Recooling device REC Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 251 Cooling tower 252 Dry cooling tower 26 Storage STG Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 27 Back-up cold production BCP Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 271 Vapour compression chiller CCH 28 Control system and electricity CSE Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 29 Monitoring MON Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material 30 Investment-Design/planning 31 Feasibility study First phase with pre-design 32 Planning Full design, call for tenders, works management 33 Commissioning Checking of the material and installation, start-up phase 40 Other costs over the TOTAL INVESTMENT 41 General costs associated to works Cranes, unexpected situations, etc 42 Indirect cost and industrial beneffits 50 TOTAL 51 INVESTMENT Cost 52 Specific cost per unit of solar collectors 53 Specific cost per unit of cooling capacity 54 INVESTMENT Costs with public fundings 33

35 Each subsystem contents the data shown in the following table Data used for the SAHC project have been obtained from the ROCOCO project, in which AIGUASOL was one of the participants. General data from which these curves were provided came from the firms ARSENAL RESEARCH, CONNESS and teamgmi from Austria, HSF from France and AIGUASOL and FOTOTERM from Spain. The sources of data and hypothesis were the following: The costs of installations of solar systems to supply hot water at temperatures of DHW and with the conditions of DHW Real offers from the market about equipment of conventional installations Transport has not been finally considered. Data of real costs of plants already installed has also been considered of some installations (D4 from the SAHC projecty Due to enough information per each country were not available, the costs curves are the same for all the places. 4.2 SPECIFIC COSTS CURVES AND FUNCTIONS SOLAR COLLECTORS AND AUXILIARIES SC & SCA Flate Plate Collectors /m y = x y = x y = x m2 SPECIFIC COST - SC SPECIFIC COST - SCA SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - SCA) Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - SC) Figure 1. Specific costs of solar collectors and solar collectors auxiliaries. Selective flat-plate 34

36 SC & SCA Evacuated Tube Collectors /m y = x y = x y = x m2 SPECIFIC COST - SC SPECIFIC COST - SCA SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - SCA) Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - SC) Figure 2. Specific costs of solar collectors and solar collectors auxiliaries. Evacuated tube AUXILIARY HEATING SYSTEM AHP Gas boiler /kw y = x kw SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Figure 3. Specific costs of auxiliary heating system. 35

37 4.2.3 SOLAR COLD PRODUCTION SCP Small Absorption chillers y = x /kw kw SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Figure 4. Specific costs of solar cold production. Small capacity absorption chillers (<15 kw) SCP Absorption chillers /kw y = x kw SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Figure 5. Specific costs of solar cold production. Absorption chillers (> 15 kw) 36

38 4.2.4 RE-COOLING REC Cooling Tower /kw y = 1527x kw SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Figure 6. Specific costs of re-cooling. Cooling tower including air-water treatment STORAGE STG - Hot tank /m y = x m3 SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Figure 7. Specific costs of storage. Hot storage tank 37

39 STG - Cold tank /m y = 2365x m3 SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Figure 8. Specific costs of storage. Cold storage tank BACK-UP COLD PRODUCTION BCP - Vapour compression chillers /kw y = x kw SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Figure 9. Specific costs of back-up cold production. Vapour compression chiller 38

40 4.2.7 CONTROL SYSTEM & ELECTRICITY & MONITORING Control system, electricity and monitoring /kw kw SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Figure 10. Specific costs of control, electricity and monitoring for a solar cooling plant The hypothesis is that instead of the size of the plant, always there is a minimum number of elements required for control, monitoring and electricity set-up. The following average values have been taken: Reference system: Solar cooling system: DESIGN AND PLANNING Design and planning /kw kw SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Figure 11. Specific costs of design and planning 39

41 The range of values is very wide. Therefore, a percentage has been considered in the project: Reference system: 6 % of total investment Solar cooling system: 12 % of total investment 40

42 5 CONFIGURATION SCHEMES The hydraulic scheme showed in this chapter is the one recommended for the solar cooling and heating systems suitable for the agro-food sector with the basis of applications and energy demand determined in the WP 2 of the SAHC Project. This scheme has been chosen to optimize the use of heat at different temperature levels. Four different levels have been considered: SCOOL: air-conditioning; cold water at 7 ºC-15 ºC SHT: high temperature hot water at 65 º C 85 ºC SMT: medium temperature hot water at 60 ºC 20 ºC SBT: low temperature hot water lower than 20 ºC The re-cooling of thermally driven chiller is though from the cooling tower or from an industrial process at low temperature. Two storage tanks have been introduced to improve the stratification and to operate the solar field at the lowest temperature. The pumps in the primary and secondary loop of the solar field as well as the process distribution pumps have been considered at variable flow. 41

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44 ANNEX: LIST OF MANUFACTURERS USED FOR THE PRICE CORRELATION Country Manufacturer/Model FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS SP Sonnenkraft SK500N SP Wagner LBM 100 HT SP Wagner Solar LBM 100 AR SP Wagner Solar Euro-C20-AR SP Viessmann Vitosol 2,33 SH1 SP Solel SunMax FR De Dietrich PRO C FR Weishaupt WTS F1 FR Sonnenkrafft SK500 EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS FR Thermomax Mazdon30 FR Thermomax Mazdon30 FR De Dietrich POWER FR Sonnenkrafft VK25 SMALL ABSORPTION MACHINES SP ROTARTICA Solar 045 SP CLIMATEWELL SP SONNENKLIMA Suninverse BIG ABSORPTION MACHINES SP YAZAKI WFC SC5 SP YAZAKI WFC SC10 SP YAZAKI WFC SC20 SP YAZAKI WFC SC30 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-1 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-2 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-3 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-5 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-6 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-8 SP SCHÜCO-15 SP SCHÜCO-30 FR YAZAKI WFC SC10 FR YAZAKI WFC SC10 FR YAZAKI WFC SC5 FR YAZAKI WFC SC20 FR YAZAKI WFC SC30 FR YAZAKI WFC SH10