Use of a Multibeam Echosounder (Sonar) for Critical Infrastructure Assessments during the 2011 Missouri River Flood

Transcription

1 Use of a Multibeam Echosounder (Sonar) for Critical Infrastructure Assessments during the 2011 Missouri River Flood Richard C. Wilson P.E. Associate Director, USGS Nebraska Water Science Center Thailand Pollution Control Department February 10, 2012

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3 Fort Peck Dam

4 Fort Randall Dam

5 Missouri River - before

6 Missouri River - during

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8 2011 Missouri River Flood June 2011 I-680 Bridge Looking east

9 2011 Missouri River Flood Gavins Point Dam June ,000 cfs or 4,700 cms

10 2011 Flood Fort Calhoun Nuclear Power Plant July ,000 cfs or 5,805 cms

11 2011 Flood Blair Marina July ,000 cfs or 5,805 cms

12 2011 Flood South Sioux City July 24, ,000 cfs or 4,955 cms

13 2011 Flood South Sioux City July 24, ,000 cfs or 4,955 cms

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17 2011 Flood-USGS Role Daily discharge measurements from St. Louis to Montana Hydrographic surveying for infrastructure assessment and protection Served at Flood Command Center Near real-time hydraulic modeling Water-quality sampling Sediment sampling for sediment-transport analysis by physical sampling methods and multibeam echosounder (sonar) soundings: first time ever at these discharges Rapid deployment streamgages

18 2011 Flood-USGS Measuring Discharge Streamgages Real-time stage and discharge information Discharge measurements Stage-discharge ratings Record processing Missouri River gages at: Yankton, Maskell, Sioux City, Decatur, Blair, Omaha, Plattsmouth, NE City, and Rulo Information used by multiple agencies Critical to the flood fight, 150 discharge measurements

19 2011 Flood-Discharge Measurements Missouri River at Omaha, NE IA NE 984 ft Above Sea Level 1,266 ft. from Iowa Bank 938 ft July 1, 2011 Discharge: 207,000 cfs Gage Height: ft Max Depth: 46.2 ft Average Depth: 17.2 ft

20 Hydrographic Surveying - Purposes Assessments of lakes and reservoirs Navigation bathymetry maps Quantity measurements of dredged materials Inspections of dams, bridges, levees, and other infrastructure Data for hydrodynamic and sediment-transport models Habitat assessment Scour assessment

21 Bathymetric Map

22 Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) Hydrographic Surveying State of the art technology Maps the entire bed Accurate measurement Identifies deep holes, shallow areas, bed material, debris, structures, fish 22

23 Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) Reson Seabat MBES Sonar Swath width 130 degrees or 3.5-to-1 ratio 512 beams, equally spaced data points collected per ping 10 to 30 pings per second (US vs. DS) Depth from 0.5 to 150 meters RTK GPS and inertial measurement unit (IMU) navigation system for precise positioning Maps the entire river bed Nadar Beam 23

24 Reson 7125 Multibeam Echosounder Components Projector Array Receiver Array Sound Velocity Probe

25 Multibeam Patch Test Calibration Roll correction Pitch correction Yaw correction Nadar Beam

26 Multibeam Data Processing Data sets are large, typically 35 million points per bridge survey Dell Precision T7500 Intel Xeon Quad Core Processor 3.46 GHz 12GB DDR3 SDRAM, 1333MHz, 2 GeForce GTX Graphics Cards Software Navigation: HYSWEEP Data processing : Caris Data interpretation: ESRI

27 Accuracy of MBES Surveys Multiple factors Satellite configuration RTKGPS vs. DGPS Quality of the GPS benchmark Beam angle (degrades at larger angles) Motion correction - IMU Water depth Quality Control Bar check Repeat survey Speed of sound in water Compare to previous surveys

28 2011 Flood-Infrastructure Assessment and Protection USGS conducted multiple hydrographic sonar surveys, June December 2011 Bridge piers and abutments Transmission towers Intake structures River bed Side channels Levees Pipelines

29 Dangerous work Lack of access Submerged boat ramps Entry points: roads, ditches, anywhere Long travel times to the survey site High velocity flows Eroding banks Restricted use Corps of Engineers USGS Coast Guard Others 2011 Flood- Difficult Operations

30 2011 Flood- Bridge Scour Sioux City June 25

31 2011 Flood- Multibeam Survey Results 31

32 2011 Flood-Multibeam Results Hwy-51 Flow Decatur Hwy 51 Overbank Flood Channel (New) Pier Failed Abutment

33 2011 Flood-Multibeam Results Hwy-51

34 2011 Flood-Multibeam Results Hwy-51 Bridge Abutment Failure Flow Revetment Pier Scour Hole

35 2011 Flood-Scour Hwy-51 Bridge

36 2011 Flood-Scour Hwy-370 Bridge Multibeam echosounder sonar USGS, NDOR, MODOT crews Overall 43 bridges surveyed from St. Louis to Montana

37 2011 Flood-Scour Hwy-2 NE City (depth in meters) July 19, ,000 cfs

38 2011 Flood-Yellowstone River Pipeline Rupture On July 1, 2011, an Exxon Mobil pipeline ruptured releasing an estimated 42,000 gallons of oil into the Yellowstone River near Laurel, Montana. The 12-inch line broke after flooding scoured the river bed and exposed the pipe, which had been buried just 5 feet deep in some areas. Lincoln Journal Star, Sept 24, 2011

39 2011 Flood-Multibeam Surveys of Submerged Pipelines Requested by EPA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Coast Guard FEMA Pipeline Companies Original X-Section-Pipeline Company

40 2011 Flood-Multibeam Pipeline Surveys Uncertainties of location and depth Variability in construction drawings Required coordination with multiple parties

41 2011 Flood-Multibeam Pipeline Surveys Small-diameter pipe, hard to identify Multibeam sonar required Buried at different depths 14 pipelines at 4 different locations Limited success Future techniques

42 USGS Water-Quality Sampling Constituents Physical Inorganics major-minor ions, metals, non-metals Nutrients Microbiological Biological Toxicity Organics pesticides and PCBs Radiochemical Flow-weighted sampling

43 CONCENTRATION Nitrate and Nitrite (mg/l) as N Missouri River at Omaha, NE , , , , ,000 STREAMFLOW, IN CFS

44 CONCENTRATION Atrazine (ug/l) Missouri River at Omaha, NE , , , , ,000 STREAMFLOW, IN CFS

45 CONCENTRATION Total Phosphorus (mg/l) as P Missouri River at Omaha, NE , , , , ,000 STREAMFLOW, IN CFS

46 2011 Flood- Sediment Sampling Low turbidity and suspended sediment High bedload Rolling sand dunes over 3 meters 1st time on the Missouri in 50 years

47 CONCENTRATION Suspended Sediment (mg/l) Missouri River at Omaha, NE , , , , ,000 STREAMFLOW, IN CFS

48 CONCENTRATION Turbidity (NTRU) Missouri River at Omaha, NE , , , , ,000 STREAMFLOW, IN CFS

49 Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen Specific conductance Temperature Turbidity ph

50 Discharge and Dissolved Oxygen

51 Turbidity and Specific Conductance

52 2/12/06 8/13/06 2/12/07 8/13/07 2/12/08 8/12/08 2/11/09 8/12/09 2/11/10 8/12/10 2/11/11 8/12/11 Streamflow, in cfs Turbidity, in FNU Streamflow vs. Turbidity 300, ,000 Streamflow Missouri River at St. Joseph, MO ,000 Turbidity , , ,

53 Incremental bedload, in ton/d Depth, in feet 2011 Flood-Sediment Transport Bedload is more difficult to measure Used multibeam to predict sediment transport Techniques used: Modified-Einstein Physical sampling Bathymetric time-series Missouri River at Maskell, NE Station, in feet Bedload pass 2 Bedload pass 1 Depth, in feet

54 Missouri River - after

55 USGS CONTACT INFORMATION Nebraska Water Science Center (402) South 19th St. Lincoln, NE On Robert B. Swanson Director (402) Jason M. Lambrecht Associate Director for Hydrologic Data (402) Richard C. Wilson, P.E. Associate Director for Hydrologic Studies (402) Ronald B. Zelt Associate Director NAWQA (402)