THE IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDICATORS. Robert Schnapp Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency

Transcription

1 THE IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDICATORS Robert Schnapp Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency

2 Gt EFFICIENCY S ROLE IN CO 2 EMISSIONS ABATEMENT Reference Scenario World abatement by technology OECD Gt Gt Gt 13.8 Gt Other Major Economies Other Countries Scenario Efficiency Renewables & biofuels Nuclear CCS 65% 19% 13% 3% 57% 23% 10% 10% More than 50% of the reduction of CO 2 emissions could come from energy efficiency

3 Why such a high interest in efficiency Saving energy in all sectors: Residential Transports Industry Services Electricity generation Increasing exports - reducing imports Increasing domestic (and global) energy security Strengthening RD&D Creating jobs Reducing green house gas (mainly CO 2 ) emissions

4 Countries are adopting ambitious targets China Reduce CO 2 intensity of the economy by 40-45% between 2005 and 2020 India Reduce CO 2 intensity of the economy by 20% between 2005 and 2020 The European Union: the programme by 2020 Contribution of energy efficiency to reduce the energy consumption by 20% Russia: Reduce the energy intensity of GDP of the Russian economy How to verify by if countries 40% compared meet their targets? to the 2007 levels. Identify priorities for energy efficiency policies Assess progresses and failures of policies

5 The Indicator Pyramid Aggregated Indicators TPES/GDP TPES/Production Electricity Cons./Population CO2/GDP PPP Efficiency Elec. Prod. Disaggregated Indicators Cons./ton cement Heating Cons./sqm/DD Litre/100km (stock) Only a minimum set of indicators can be derived from basic statistics. Process Efficiency Dry process Condensing boiler Litre/100km (vintage)

6 What indicators can be built from the annual questionnaires Figure 4. Breakdown of Sectorial Final Consumption by Source in 1973 and 2004 Gas (18.8%) Figure 1. TPES* in 1973 Hydro Nuclear (2.1%) (1.3%) Other** (2.4%) Coal (22.4%) Oil (53%) Figure 5. Electricity Generation by Fuel Figure 6. Electricity Consumption/GDP, TPES/GDP and Energy Production/TPES

7 No breakdown by end use: - heating - DHW - lighting - cooking - air conditioning - appliances Energy Balance People's Republic of China / République populaire de Chine : 2005 Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent / Milliers de tonnes d'équivalent pétrole SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Geotherm. Combust. Electricity Heat Total CONSUMPTION Oil Products Solar Renew. etc. & Waste APPROVISIONNEMENT Charbon Pétrole Produits Gaz Nucléaire Hydro Géotherm. Comb. Electricité Chaleur Total ET DEMANDE brut pétroliers solaire ren. & etc. déchets Production Imports Exports Intl. Marine Bunkers Stock Changes TPES Transfers Statistical Differences Electricity Plants CHP Plants Heat Plants Gas Works Petroleum Refineries Coal Transformation Liquefaction Plants Other Transformation Own Use Distribution Losses TFC INDUSTRY SECTOR Iron and Steel Chemical and Petrochemical Non-Ferrous Metals Non-Metallic Minerals Transport Equipment No breakdown by end Machinery Mining and Quarrying Food and Tobacco use - and 1577 by 218function - - of Paper Pulp and Printing Wood and Wood Products Construction 3200 buildings (hospitals, Textile and Leather Non-specified schools, hotels, offices, restaurants, etc.) TRANSPORT SECTOR International Aviation Domestic Aviation Road Rail Pipeline Transport Domestic Navigation Non-specified OTHER SECTORS Residential Comm. and Publ. Services Agriculture/Forestry Fishing Non-specified OTHER SECTORS Residential NON-ENERGY USE in Industry/Transf./Energy of which: Feedstocks in Transport in Other Sectors What most countries collect on a regular basis is limited to aggregated levels Comm. & Pub. Services Agriculture/Forestry Electr. Generated - GWh Electricity Plants Fishing CHP - Plants Heat Generated - TJ CHP Plants Non-specified 3872Heat Plants

8 No answer to the following questions from the annual questionnaires How much energy is consumed to produce a ton of cement, steel, etc? How much energy is used for heating/cooling a square metre of floor in residential? What is the average consumption of gasoline per passenger-km in a car? What is the consumption of electricity in street lighting? The lack of detailed data on energy consumption was one of the starting points for the indicators programme

9 1973 = 100% Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data? 160% 150% 140% Total Energy 130% 120% 110% Basic energy statistics 100% 90% 80% 70% Example of Canada s Residential Sector

10 1973 = 100% Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data? 160% 150% Total Energy Total Energy, CC 140% 130% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% Example of Canada s Residential Sector

11 1973 = 100% Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data? 160% 150% 140% Total Energy Total Energy, CC Total/Capita 130% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% Example of Canada s Residential Sector

12 1973 = 100% Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data? 160% 150% 140% Total Energy Total Energy, CC Total/Capita Total/household 130% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% Example of Canada s Residential Sector

13 1973 = 100% Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data? 160% 150% 140% 130% Total Energy Total Energy, CC Total/Capita Total/household Total/Sq. m 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% Example of Canada s Residential Sector

14 1973 = 100% Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data? 160% 150% 140% 130% Total Energy Total Energy, CC Total/Capita Total/household Total/Sq. m Space heat/sq. m 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% Example of Canada s Residential Sector

15 Lack of proper indicators could lead to major uncertainties for formulating action plans And the 1 st priority is... Industry! Residential And the last priority is... Residential! The extreme situation

16 The other extreme would be to have too much data Please Help Me but it would be a much easier situation!

17 What should be collected: Collecting any statistics has a cost. As a consequence, one should limit the collecting to what is necessary. But what is necessary? Modelling Census Appliances Data quality / timeliness Residential Energy data End uses Process Industry ISIC: 2, 3, or 4 digits Priorities depend on many elements: climate (heating vs. Monetary data cooling), structure of the economy (industry vs. services) size of the country (transport, domestic aviation), energy Fleet of vehicles mix (biomass), electrification rate, GDP/capita, Socio-economic Commercial/public Surveys Transport Frequency

18 How to define an energy efficiency indicator floor area Not only energy data, but also activity data are necessary.

19 Excel The IEA has prepared a template to collect basic statistics on energy efficiency indicators from OECD countries Together with other organisations the IEA has prepared a template Menu driven

20 PRODUCTION OF COMMODITIES COMMODITIES

21 Regional Specific Power Consumption in Aluminium Smelting Reported Electrical Power Used per Metric Ton of Primary Aluminium Produced

22 Thermal Energy Requirement per tonne of Clinker by Country including Alternate Fuels

23 Data can be used to estimate potential savings

24 TRANSPORT Detailed data on transport 10 6 tonnes Tonnes-km Veh-km pass-km

25 Truck Freight Energy Intensity

26 Trends in new car fuel intensity

27 And by the way, how does Mexico compare with other countries? Fuel economy of new vehicles

28 kwh/unit Diffusion, stocks and average consumption of selected appliances RESIDENTIAL % 10 6

29 Household energy use by end use

30 Decomposition of changes in space heating per capita,

31 Iceland Luxembourg Canada Finland United States United Arab Emirates Germany Belgium Russian Federation Denmark Norway Switzerland Austria Kuwait Sweden Estonia Ireland Bahrain Gabon United Kingdom France Latvia Islamic Republic of Iran Belarus Netherlands Uzbekistan Czech Republic Hungary Slovenia Nigeria Ukraine Zimbabwe Poland Greece Israel Australia Italy Lithuania Croatia Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Jordan Togo Venezuela Ghana Thailand Mexico Malaysia Bosnia and Herzegovina Costa Rica Haiti Panama Albania India Singapore Ecuador Congo Egypt Brazil Iraq Sudan Colombia Jamaica Peru Bolivia Syrian Arab Republic Namibia Cuba Morocco Senegal Eritrea Bangladesh Philippines Armenia Yemen Other Asia Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan DPR of Korea Residential consumption per capita

32 I am not su SERVICES

33 End-Use Coverage Residential Services Passenger Travel Freight Transport Manufacturing Other Industry Space heating Water heating Cooking Lighting Appliances Total services Car &light duty vehicles Motorcycles Buses Passenger rail Passenger ships Domestic planes Trucks Freight rail Domestic shipping Domestic air freight Food, beverages & tobacco Paper, pulp & printing Industrial chemicals Non-metallic minerals Primary metals Metal products & equipment Agriculture, forestry &fishing Mining Construction Electricity, gas & water Other

34 Some bonuses from the template RESIDENTIAL Pre-filled time series Space Heating Space Cooling Water Heating Cooking

35 Some bonuses from the template A report on the coverage status is automatically updated when new data are entered.

36 Some bonuses from the template Various options offered for plotting indicators Including possibility of comparing indicators

37 An electronic manual has been developed

38 A fast growing interest Data for 22 IEA countries, up from only 11 Reduced lag in data availability Significant country involvement Strong co-operation with the EU ODYSSEE Network and APEC Key IEA activity many reports Significant political support at highest levels Official commitment by IEA Ministers to report data

39 What s next Update with 2008 data Preparation for a Manual on Energy Statistics for Energy Efficiency Indicators Workshop held in November 2010 A new publication in 3 rd Quarter 2011 Strengthening cooperation with many key partners: ODYSSEE, APEC, etc.

40 Mexico s Report Card Mexico 2008 Data Cycle* 1 - Timeliness Oil Gas Coal Renewables Electricity 1.1 Submission dates (base: 30 September) 1.2 Submission dates (base: 30 November) 1.3 Average response time to queries 2 - Completeness Oil Gas Coal Renewables Electricity 2.1 Improvement in data coverage 2.2 Share of Non-specified in totals 3 - Data Quality Oil Gas Coal Renewables Electricity 3.1 Overall quality of the answers 3.2 Size of the statistical differences 3.3 Breaks in time series 3.4 Internal consistency 4 - Cross-questionnaire consistency Electricity vs Oil Electricity vs Gas Electricity vs Coal Electricity vs Ren. 4.1 Inputs to power generation Legend and notes Overall assessment very good good fair poor not applicable *including a comparison with 2007 data cycle indicates that the performance in the current cycle was very good, versus good in the previous cycle.

41 Summary status of Mexico Data Electricity Good quality data submitted on the annual questionnaire Residential Much work has been done More needs to be done Industry Aggregate energy and activity data are available Need to better define boundaries and expand coverage Transportation Surveys are a good start More work is needed Services A hard sector for every country, with much data missing

42 Thank you