Best Practice Checklist for EPC

Transcription

1 Best Practice Checklist fr EPC / A Definitins, interpretatin Technical aspect & what t lk fr in the EPC cntract 1. Is there a set f definitins f imprtant terms prvided and are thse clear and understd by all stakehlders? B Cntractual cmmitments 2. EPC cntractr qualificatin 3. Respnsibility and accuntability 4. Date f wnership and risk transfer are defined and acceptable 5. Cnstructin start date and end date are defined and acceptable 6. Plant Cmmercial Operatin Date (COD) is defined and in line with FiT r PPA cmmencement dates 7. The EPC wrks shuld be carried in cmpliance with (nn-exhaustive list) Grid cde cmpliance: plant cntrls (e.g. ability fr emergency shut-dwns r curtailment accrding t grid regulatins) PPA cmpliance Building permits (if applicable) Envirnmental permits Specific regulatin fr the site (e.g. vegetatin management, dispsal f green waste) C Scpe f wrks engineering 8. Overall the scpe f wrks fr the EPC shuld be clearly defined. Which activities are included in the EPC services (is it a turnkey EPC)? Are they clearly defined? 9. The EPC shuld include Technical Specificatins cnsisting f [Best practice] The perating envirnment is defined fr: Minimum and maximum ambient temperature Maximum relative humidity Maximum altitude Lcal climate Lcal cnditins (e.g., snwy, sandy, near sea/chemical surce/crrsive/agricultural activity/purpse f building usage/etc.) Detail plant descriptin n all majr cmpnents including MV/HV equipment, mnitring, mete statins, security and surveillance Plant implantatin schematic including nt nly the majr cmpnents but als auxiliaries (electrical cabinet, substatins etc.) and facilities (strage, ffice, guard huse, fences, rad access etc.) Single wire diagram Bill f materials f the majr cmpnents Recmmended minimum spare part lists (draft versin f this infrmatin during EPC negtiatin shuld be updated t the final versin when the plant is cmpleted and handed ver)

2 [Best practice] List f all applicable technical standards fr majr cmpnents (panels, inverters, electrical equipment) (nn-exhaustive list) CE Cmpliance Panel: IEC61215, IEC61730, IEC61701, IEC62716, IEC62804, IEC62108 (CPV) IR/EL: IEC & 13 Inverter: IEC62109 Electrical equipment: IEC61000 Tracker: IEC62817, IEC62727 Design and installatin: IEC TS Cmmissining: IEC62446 Perfrmance mnitring: IEC Wh is respnsible fr grid cnnectin and the infrastructure t cnnect the PV plant t the grid (transfrmer, exprt lines, substatin) is clearly defined 11. Site suitability (grund installatin) Getechnical and sil study Any fld risk Other cnstraints (chemical in the air, crrsive air, etc.) Site suitability (rftp installatin) Rf stability study Structural requirements f rf and munting structure (bth static/snw lad and dynamic/wind lad Lightning prtectin requirement Fire prtectin (PV system shuld nt be built acrss fire prtectin walls); design shuld be in cmpliance with the building fire prtectin cdes D Requirement fr weathering prtectin (lifetime f rfing film) 12. If the site study has been dne and the results have been shared with the wner and the EPC, the EPC cntract shuld clearly acknwledge that the cntractr has reviewed the results f the study and has designed the PV system taking int accunt the site cnditins and cnstraints 13. Fr rftp system, the rf shuld be weatherprf thrughut peratins f PV plant withut majr verhaul f rf laminate layer 14. Estimatin f plant yield/prductin shuld fllw best practice guidelines (see Best Practice Checklist fr Lng-Term Yield Assessment ) 15. The plant design and estimated yield/prductin shuld be validated by third party Scpe f wrks prcurement 16. All majr cmpnents shuld be visually inspected at delivery 17. All mdules shuld be tested fr STC perfrmance accrding t the IEC60904 standards at the factry and the test data shuld be submitted t the EPC cntractr fr verificatin [Best practice] All mdules shuld be inspected with electrluminescence imaging camera at the factry and the test data shuld be submitted t the EPC cntractr fr verificatin 18. PV mdules shuld be sampled and tested after delivery and befre acceptance List f test (and criteria) shuld be included in the EPC cntract Tests are t be dne by an accredited independent test labratry

3 E F G H 19. [Best practice] Transprtatin and handling requirements n cmpnents shuld be specified 20. [Best practice] EPC cntractr is required t perfrm factry inspectin n the mdule factry 21. [Best practice] Negtiatin f technical requirement in supply agreement (i.e. mdule) and warranty terms and cnditins shuld invlve inputs frm technical advisrs Scpe f wrks cnstructin 22. The EPC shuld include cmprehensive prtcl and training t its field wrkers n hw t unpackage and handle cmpnents prperly 23. The installatin f cmpnents shuld adhere the manufacturer s guidelines when applicable 24. Regular cnstructin mnitring by the wner (assisted by technical advisr) shuld be perfrmed t check cnstructin prgress and quality (and fr milestne payments) 25. Reprting f cnstructin prgress shuld be included in the cntract 26. Health and safety, husekeeping and site security are defined as the respnsibilities f the cntractr during cnstructin Scpe f wrks administrative and thers 27. Respnsible party fr securing the site use is clearly defined: Fr grund-munted utility systems: land lease, land purchase, and land access Fr cmmercial rftp systems: rf lease, rf access 28. Respnsible party t btain permits and authrizatins t develp PV plant is clearly defined 29. Any supprt required frm the EPC cntractrs in permitting, grid cnnectin etc. shuld be clearly defined 30. Is the cntractr respnsible t carry ut r nly supprt warranty and insurance claims management during the EPC perid? Manufacturer warranties 31. The terms and cnditins f majr cmpnents manufacturer warranties are clearly defined Effective start and end date Definitin f defects Claim prcedure The cmpensatins prpsed are reasnable and lgical Exclusins Prvisin t allw fr the invlvement f third party expert during technical dispute Transferability 32. The warranty timelines shuld be in line with the EPC warranty timelines 33. Check if the jurisdictin f the warranty allws it t be legally enfrceable 34. [Best practice] Are there additinal insurances (transprtatin damages, e.g.) frm either the EPC cntractr r cmpnent manufacturer? EPC warranty and Defect Liability Perid (DLP) 35. Prvide warranty f Gd Executin f Wrks 36. The EPC cntract shall prvide at minimum 2-year EPC warranty frm the date f plant take-ver 37. The DLP duratin cincides with the EPC and cmpnent manufacturer warranty duratin

4 I J 38. During this DLP, the EPC cntractr is respnsible t repair faults r defect at its wn cst, r an arrangement has been made with the O&M cntractr t execute this. Fr the latter, clear scpe f wrk wnerships must be aligned t prevent avidance f respnsibilities 39. The party respnsible t maintain the PV plant after take-ver and befre the end f DLP is clearly defined Key perfrmance indicatrs (KPIs) and guarantees 40. The EPC cntract shuld have key perfrmance indicatrs fr tw aspects Cmpletin timeline: guaranteed cmpletin date System perfrmance and quality: guaranteed perfrmance rati (PR) r guaranteed utput 41. The guaranteed PR r utput shuld be calculated in a lng-term yield estimatin exercise using crrect technical assumptins, i.e. all relevant lsses and uncertainties 42. Liquidated damages (LD) r penalties shuld be assigned in the cntract in case the guaranteed KPIs are nt met 43. Cmpletin delay LDs shuld be in line with the prject revenue lss due t lateness in prject entering peratin. The LD is cmmnly a % f EPC price fr each day f delay 44. Perfrmance LDs shuld be in line with the prject revenue lss when the system is nt meeting the guaranteed perfrmance level. The LD is cmmnly a % f EPC price fr each pint f PR r utput belw the guaranteed value 45. Maximum amunt f LD (LD cap) t limit cntractr s liability is usually included in the EPC cntract. E.g., delay LD and perfrmance LD culd each be capped at 20% f the EPC cntract price and the cmbined cap is 30% f the EPC cntract price Cmmissining and acceptance 46. The EPC cntract shuld include plant prvisinal and final cmmissining 47. Shrt term perfrmance test shuld be carried ut after the PV system cmpletes the cnstructin phase 48. Prvisinal test set-up shuld include apprpriate: Duratin f the test Irradiance threshld Mnitring system, including measurement sampling rate and averaging methd 49. The calculatin methd fr the key perfrmance indicatr fr prvisinal acceptance shuld accunt fr shrt-term effect n temperature and irradiance 50. Final acceptance plant perfrmance shuld be carried ut after the plant has been in peratin fr a representative perid f time (2 years after prvisinal acceptance) 51. Final perfrmance test set-up shuld include apprpriate Irradiance threshld Mnitring system, including measurement sampling rate and averaging methd 52. The calculatin methd fr the key perfrmance indicatr fr final acceptance shuld accunt fr: Annual degradatin Plant availability 53. Measurement f irradiance t assess plant perfrmance Irradiance measurements Measurement in the POA accrding t the Secndary Standard r First Class quality classificatin (ISO9060:1990)

5 Minimum requirement: ne measurement device (pyranmeter f high quality) [Best practice] At least 2 pyranmeters If different array rientatins, ne pyranmeter per rientatin careful assignment fr prper calculatin f PR and yield Sensrs placed at the least shaded lcatin Sensrs installed accrding t manufacturer s guidelines Preventative maintenance and calibratin accrding t manufacturer s guidelines Set irradiance t be recrded with averages f 15 min (minimum requirement) r 1 min and less (best practice) High quality satellite-based data t cmplement terrestrial measurements [best practice] mainly fr mnthly and annual values and nt daily since the RMSE is high (8-14%) Minimum requirements fr satellite data: hurly granularity r 15 min. Set data t be retrieved nce per day at least 54. Measurement f irradiance t assess plant perfrmance Temperature sensr prperly installed accrding t manufacturer s guidelines Use f stable thermally cnductive glue t the middle f the backside f the mdule in the middle f the array, in the center f the cell away frm junctin bx Accuracy shuld be <±1 C including signal cnditining Fr large systems, different representative psitins fr installing the sensr shuld be cnsidered: mdule at the center f the array and at the edge f this mdule where temperature variatins are expected 55. Inverter measurement t assess plant perfrmance AC level: energy and pwer data shuld be cllected Energy data shuld be cumulative values ver the lifetime f the inverter Cllect all inverter alarms imprtant t plan yur maintenance activities (crrective and preventative) Mnitr and manage cntrl settings at the inverter level and the grid injectin level DC input measurements <1s sampling and <1min averaging DC vltage t be measured and stred separately fr allwing MPP-tracking and array perfrmance prblems [Best practice] measure all parameter frm the inverters including internal temperature, islatin level etc. 56. Energy meter Cllectin f energy meter data by the mnitring system in daily basis and with 15 min granularity High accuracy energy meter is required uncertainty f ±0.5% fr plants >100 kwp The abve pint can be cnsidered as best practice fr plants smaller than 100 kwp 57. Plant visual inspectin shuld be carried ut during acceptance test [Best practice] The visual inspectin uses advanced tls such as IR camera 58. As part f the plant hand-ver prcess, the EPC cntractr must prvide (nn-exhaustive list) A cmplete set f as-build dcumentatin (IEC62446, see Best Practice Checklist fr As-Build Dcuments Type and Details fr cmplete set) Recmmended minimum spare parts list

6 Best Practice Checklist fr O&M / A Definitins, interpretatin Technical aspect & what t lk fr in the O&M cntract 1. Is there a set f definitins f imprtant terms prvided and are thse clear and understd by all stakehlders? B Purpse and respnsibilities 2. Is the fundamental purpse (gals) f the cntract clearly defined? 3. Are the rles and respnsibilities (and bundary cnditins) f the multiple stakehlders within the cntract clear and understd? C Scpe f wrks envirnmental, health and safety Nte: The Asset Owner has the ultimate legal and mral respnsibility t ensure the health and safety f peple in and arund the slar plant and fr the prtectin f the envirnment arund it. The practical implementatin is nrmally subcntracted t the O&M cntractr. 4. Envirnment Regular inspectin f transfrmers and bunds fr leaks (accrding t the annual maintenance plan) Recycling f brken panels and electric waste Sensible water usage fr mdule cleaning Prper envirnmental management plan in place 5. Health and safety (H&S) Prperly cntrlled access and supervisin in the slar plant necessary bundaries and site restrictins Prper inductin t ensure awareness f risks and hazards Prper training and certificatin n the specifics f a PV plant and vltage level Hazard identificatin/marking Wiring sequence marking H&S legislatin available Established persnal prtective equipment (PPE) (nt exhaustive list): safety shes, high visibility clthing, helmet, glves (and/r insulated glves), slash masks and glasses (depending n the site), fire retardant and/r arc flash rated PPE where necessary Calibrated and certified equipment (full dcumentatin available) D Scpe f wrks peratins 6. Dcumentatin Management System (DSM) As-built dcumentatin / IEC62446 (see Best Practice Checklist fr As-Build Dcuments Type and Details ) Site infrmatin Prject drawings Prject studies Studies accrding t natinal regulatin requirements PV mdules Inverters

7 Medium vltage / inverter cabin MV/LV transfrmer HV switchgear UPS and batteries Munting Management and cntrl Define type f strage (physical r/and electrnical) Ensure electrnic cpy f all dcuments Ensure cntrlled access t dcuments Ensure authrizatin fr mdificatins keep a lgbk n name f persn wh mdified the dcument, date f mdificatin, reasn fr mdificatin and further infrmatin e.g. link t the wrk rders and service activities Ensure histry f the dcuments (versining) Recrd cntrl (see Best Practice Checklist fr Recrd Cntrl ) 7. [Best practice] Predictive maintenance Define scpe f this cluster, the type f perfrmance analysis, the level (prtfli level, plant level, inverter level, string level) Define the mnitring requirements needed t perfrm predictive maintenance, prvide basic trending and cmparisn functinality 8. Pwer generatin frecasting Ensure a service level agreement with the frecast prvider Define the purpse and cnsequently the requirements fr pwer frecasting (e.g. time hrizn, time reslutin, update frequency) 9. Reprting (see Best Practice Checklist fr Reprting Indicatrs ) 10. Regulatry cmpliance Grid cde cmpliance: plant cntrls (e.g. ability fr emergency shut-dwns r curtailment accrding t grid regulatins) PPA cmpliance Building permits (if applicable) Envirnmental permits Specific regulatin fr the site (e.g. vegetatin management, dispsal f green waste) 11. Management f change: define respnsibilities and invlvement when PV plant needs t be adjusted after the Cmmercial Operatin Date: e.g. spare parts, site peratin plan, annual maintenance plan etc. 12. Warranty management Warranty f Gd Executin f Wrks Warranty f Equipment Perfrmance Warranty: agree n reprting perid Classificatin f anmalies and malfunctins: Pending Wrks, Insufficiencies, Defects, Failure E r malfunctin f equipment 13. Insurance claims management Scpe f wrks maintenance

8 F 14. Inclusin f an adequate Preventive Maintenance Plan 15. The minimum requirements fr preventative tasks and their frequency fllw the manufacturer s guidelines when applicable 16. The minimum requirements fr preventative tasks and their frequency shuld respect relevant natinal standards 17. Crrective maintenance (CM) Fault diagnsis (trubleshting) Repair and temprary repairs Agreed respnse times and/r minimum repair times Clear definitin f barders and limitatins f CM tasks, especially with preventative maintenance and extrardinary maintenance. Definitin f yearly cap f CM wrks (when applicable) 18. Extrardinary maintenance Define what is included in this cluster Damages that are a cnsequence f a Frce Majeure event Damages as a cnsequence f a theft r a fire Serial defects n equipment, ccurring suddenly and after mnths r years frm plant start-up Mdificatins required by regulatry changes Agreed interventins fr recnditining, renewal and technlgical updating Define the rules n hw t execute tasks and prepare qutatins ways f payment 19. Additinal services: define what is included in this cluster and hw this service is paid (nnexhaustive list) Mdule cleaning Vegetatin management Rad maintenance Snw remval Pest cntrl Waste dispsal Maintenance f buildings Perimeter fencing and repairs Maintenance f security equipment String measurements t the extent exceeding the agreed level f preventative maintenance Thermal inspectins t the extent exceeding the agreed level f preventative maintenance Meter weekly/mnthly readings and data entry n fiscal registers r in authrity web prtals fr FiT tariff assessment (where applicable) Scpe f wrks data and mnitring 20. Irradiance measurements Measurement in the POA accrding t the Secndary Standard r First Class quality classificatin (ISO9060:1990) Minimum requirement: ne measurement device (pyranmeter f high quality) [Best practice] At least 2 pyranmeters

9 If different array rientatins, ne pyranmeter per rientatin careful assignment fr prper calculatin f PR and yield Sensrs placed at the least shaded lcatin Sensrs installed accrding t manufacturer s guidelines Preventative maintenance and calibratin accrding t manufacturer s guidelines Set irradiance t be recrded with averages f 15 min (minimum requirement) r 1 min and less (best practice) High quality satellite-based data t cmplement terrestrial measurements [best practice] mainly fr mnthly and annual values and nt daily since the RMSE is high (8-14%) Minimum requirements fr satellite data: hurly granularity r 15 min. Set data t be retrieved nce per day at least 21. Mdule temperature measurements Temperature sensr prperly installed accrding t manufacturer s guidelines Use f stable thermally cnductive glue t the middle f the backside f the mdule in the middle f the array, in the center f the cell away frm junctin bx Accuracy shuld be <±1 C including signal cnditining Fr large systems, different representative psitins fr installing the sensr shuld be cnsidered: mdule at the center f the array and at the edge f this mdule where temperature variatins are expected 22. Lcal meterlgical data [Best practice] Ambient temperature and wind speed with sensrs installed accrding t manufacturer s guidelines Ambient temp with shielded thermmeter e.g. PT100 Wind speed with anemmeter at 10 m height abve grund level Fr large plants >10 MW autmated data frm an independent nearby mete surce t smth lcal phenmena and installatin specific results 23. String measurements If nt DC input current mnitring at inverter level, then current mnitring at string level is recmmended depending n mdule technlgy, cmbined strings (harnesses) can help reducing perating csts [Best practice] Increase up-time fr timely detectin f faults: 1 sec sampling and 1 min averaging at data lgger, maximum tw strings current measurement in parallel 24. Inverter measurement AC level: energy and pwer data shuld be cllected Energy data shuld be cumulative values ver the lifetime f the inverter Cllect all inverter alarms imprtant t plan yur maintenance activities (crrective and preventative) Mnitr and manage cntrl settings at the inverter level and the grid injectin level DC input measurements <1s sampling and <1min averaging DC vltage t be measured and stred separately fr allwing MPP-tracking and array perfrmance prblems [Best practice] measure all parameter frm the inverters including internal temperature, islatin level etc. 25. Cnfiguratin

10 In cases f change f O&M cntractr (r recmmissining f the mnitring system), the cnfiguratin f the mnitring system and the data lggers shuld be checked [Best practice] if technically available, aut-cnfiguratin is recmmended e.g. autmatic cllectin f inverter and sensr IDs and labels Back up f the cnfiguratin shuld be in place 26. Energy meter Cllectin f energy meter data by the mnitring system in daily basis and with 15 min granularity High accuracy energy meter is required uncertainty f ±0.5% fr plants >100 kwp The abve pint can be cnsidered as best practice fr plants smaller than 100 kwp 27. AC circuit / prtectin relay [Best practice] Mnitr the AC switch psitin fr (sub) plants. Read the alarms frm the prtectin relay via cmmunicatin bus if pssible 28. Data lggers Sufficient memry t stre at least ne mnth f data Histrical data shuld be backed up After cmmunicatin failure, the data lgger shuld resend all pending infrmatin The entire installatin (mnitring system, signal cnverters, data lggers, measurement devices) shuld be prtected by a UPS [Best practices] Memry t stre at least six mnths f data and full data backup in the clud. Separate remte server t mnitr the status f the data lggers and infrm the peratins. The system shuld be an pen prtcl t allw transitin between mnitring platfrms. If pssible, rebt itself nce per day (during night time) t increase reliability 29. Alarms Minimum requirement: alarms sent by (nn-exhaustive list) Lss f cmmunicatin Plant stp Inverter stp Plant with lw perfrmance Inverter with lw perfrmance (e.g. due t verheating) [Best practice] (nn-exhaustive list) String withut current Plant under UPS peratin Intrusin detectin Fire alarm detectin Discretin alarm (r alarm aggregatin) 30. Dashbard / web prtal Minimum requirements fr features f the mnitring system (nn-exhaustive list) Web prtal accessible 24h/365d Graphs f irradiatin, energy prductin, perfrmance and yield Dwnladable tables with all the registered figures Alarms register [Best practices] (nn-exhaustive list)

11 G User cnfigurable dashbard User cnfigurable alarms User cnfigurable reprts Ticket management 31. Data frmat Data frmat f recrded files accrding t IEC61724 clearly dcumented Data lggers shuld cllect alarms accrding t manufacturer's frmat 32. Cmmunicatin frm the site t the mnitring servers Best netwrk cnnectivity with sufficient bandwidth accrding t the available mnitring system DSL cnnectin preferred if available at the PV site industrial ruters recmmended [Best practice] GPRS-cnnectin as back up Fr sites >1 MW it is advised t have a LAN cnnectin and as an alternative an industrial ruter that allws fr GPRS r satellite cmmunicatin back-up in case the LAN cnnectin fails. A ruter with an aut-reset capability in case f lss f internet cnnectin is recmmended Data security shuld be ensured: as minimum requirements lggers shuld nt be accessible directly frm the internet r at least be prtected via a firewall. Secure and restrictive cnnectin t the data server is als imprtant Cmmunicatin cables must be shielded and prtected by direct sunlight Physical distance between DC r AC pwer cables and cmmunicatin cables shuld be ensured Cables with different plarities must be clearly distinguishable (label r clr) fr aviding plarity cnnectin errrs Scpe f wrks spare parts management 33. Definitin f wnership and respnsibility f insurance 34. Define separate list f cnsumables if applicable (e.g. tls and fuses) 35. Stcking level: cnsider initial EPC list and the fllwing parameters Frequency f failure Impact f failure Cst f spare part Degradatin ver time Pssibility f cnsignment stck with the manufacturer 36. Lcatin f strage/warehuse Prximity t the plant Security Envirnmental cnditins 37. List f minimum spare parts (nn-exhaustive list) Fuses fr all equipment (e.g. inverter, cmbiner bxes etc.) and fuse kits Mdules Inverter spares (e.g. pwer stacks, circuit breakers, cntactr, switches, cntrller bard) UPS

12 Vltage terminatins Pwer plant cntrl spares Transfrmer and switchgear spares Weather statin sensrs Mtrs and gearbxes fr trackers Harnesses and cables Screws and ther supply tls Security equipment (e.g. cameras) H I J Scpe f wrks plant security 38. Define prtective measures fr the plant Security prtcl in place Vide mnitring Alerting system Fencing r barriers Warning signs and ntices Security pad cdes and passwrds Back up cmmunicatin in case f vandalism Key perfrmance indicatrs (KPIs) 39. Plant KPIs Availability Energy-based availability Perfrmance Rati Energy Perfrmance Index 40. O&M cntractr KPIs Reactin time Reprting O&M cntractr experience Maintenance effectiveness and maintenance supprt efficiency 41. Security and surveillance f PV plant On-site r remte Arund the clck cverage (24h/365d) On-site patrl, security camera On-site interventin time upn alarm etc. Cntractual cmmitments 42. Qualificatin f parties invlved: Owner s Engineer, O&M cntractr, mnitring, security firm 43. Respnsibility and accuntability 44. Bnus schemes and liquidated damages

13 Best Practice Checklist fr Lng-Term Yield Assessment / A Slar resurce assessment Technical aspect & what t lk fr in the LTYA 1. Only reliable slar irradiatin data surces shuld be used and the name(s) and versin(s) must be clearly stated. Data surce(s) used must be able t prvide uncertainty estimatins and ideally have been extensively validated 2. The perid cvered by the slar irradiatin data surce(s) used must be reprted. Only data surces with mre than 10-year recent data shuld be used fr LTYA calculatins 3. The effect f lng-term trends in the slar resurce shuld be analyzed. In the presence f such trends, the lng-term slar resurce estimatin shuld be adjusted t accunt fr this effect 4. The use f site adaptatin techniques is recmmended t reduce the uncertainty. A measurement campaign f at least 8 mnths and ideally ne full year is recmmended B PV yield mdeling 5. The PV mdeling sftware and the specific versin used must be clearly stated in the reprt 6. If in-huse sftware is used, the name(s) and versin(s) must als be stated 7. All assumptins (e.g. siling lsses, availability, etc.) and sub-mdels used (e.g. transpsitin mdel) must be clearly stated C Degradatin rate and behavir 8. The degradatin rate(s) used fr the calculatins must be clearly stated in the reprt. It is recmmended t differentiate between first year effects and yearly behavir ver prject lifetime 9. Degradatin behavir assumptin (e.g. linear, stepwise, etc.) ver time shuld be clearly stated and ideally backed up with manufacturer warranties 10. If specific manufacturer warranties are available (e.g. mdule warranty dcument r sales agreement), these can be used t fine tune the lifetime degradatin calculatin D Uncertainty calculatin 11. All steps in the lng-term yield calculatin are subject t uncertainties. All uncertainties shuld be clearly stated and references must be prvided in the reprt 12. Special attentin must be paid t the slar resurce related uncertainties as these are amng the mst imprtant elements in the cntributin t the verall uncertainty 13. If special methds are used t reduce sme uncertainties e.g. site adaptatin techniques, these shuld be clearly dcumented and ideally backed up with scientific validatin 14. Special care must be taken when classifying each uncertainty as either systematic r variable (stchastic) since these are treated differently in verall lifetime uncertainty calculatins 15. When pssible, exceedance prbabilities (e.g. P90) fr each uncertainty must be calculated using empirical methds based n available data instead f assuming nrmal distributin fr all elements

14 Best Practice Checklist fr As-Build Dcuments Type and Details Infrmatin type and depth f detail / as-built dcuments N. Minimum Requirements Descriptin 1 Site infrmatin Lcatin / map / GPS Crdinates Plant access / keys Access rads O&M building Spare parts strage / warehuse Site security infrmatin Rftp cnditin and lad requirements / restrictins (rftp system nly) Stakehlder list and cntact infrmatin (fr example, wner f the site, administratin cntacts, firefighters, sub-cntractrs / service prviders,...) 2 Prject drawings Plant layut and general arrangement Cable ruting drawings Cable list Cable schedule/ cable intercnnectin dcument Single line diagram Cnfiguratin f strings (string numbers, in rder t identify where the strings are in relatin t each cnnectin bx and inverter) Earthing / grunding system layut drawing Lightning prtectin system layut drawing (ptinal) Lighting system layut drawing (ptinal) Tpgraphic drawing Grid access pint schematic 3 Prject studies Shading study / simulatin Energy yield study / simulatin Inverter sizing study 4 Studies accrding t natinal regulatin requirements Vltage drp calculatins Prtectin crdinatin study Shrt circuit study Grunding study Cable sizing calculatins Lightning prtectin study 5 PV mdules Datasheets Flash list with PV mdules psitining n the field (reference t string numbers and psitining in the string) Warranties and certificates 6 Inverters O&M manual Cmmissining reprt Warranties and certificates Factry Acceptance Test Inverter settings Dimensinal drawings 7 Medium Vltage / Inverter Cabin Medium Vltage / inverter cabin layut and general arrangement drawing Medium Vltage / inverter cabin fundatin drawing

15 Erectin prcedure Internal nrmal / emergency lighting layut drawing Fire detectin and firefighting system layut drawing (if required) HVAC system layut drawing HVAC system installatin and O&M manual HVAC study (accrding t natinal regulatins) Earthing system layut drawing Cable list 8 MV/LV transfrmer O&M manual Cmmissining reprt Factry Acceptance Test reprt Type Test reprts Rutine Test reprts Warranties and certificates 9 Cables Datasheets Dimensinal drawing with parts list Type and Rutine test reprts 10 LV & MV switchgear Single line diagram Switchgear wiring diagrams Equipment datasheets and manuals Factry Acceptance Test reprt Type Test reprts Rutine Test reprts Dimensinal drawings Warranties and certificates 11 HV switchgear Single line diagram Prtectin relays settings (nly fr MV switchgear) Switching prcedure (accrding t natinal regulatins) (nly fr MV switchgear) Steel structures assembly drawings HV switchyard general arrangement drawing HV equipment datasheets and manuals (CTs, VTs, circuit breakers, discnnectrs, surge arresters, pst insulatrs) Prtectin and metering single line diagram HV equipment type and rutine test reprts Interlck study Switching prcedure (accrding t natinal regulatins) Warranties and certificates 12 UPS and batteries Installatin and O&M manual Cmmissining reprt Warranties and certificates Datasheets Dimensinal drawings 13 Munting structure Mechanical assembly drawings Warranties and certificates Structural design calculatin (rftp systems nly) 14 Trackers Mechanical assembly drawings Electrical schematic diagrams Blck diagram

16 Equipment certificates, manuals and datasheets (mtrs, encders) PLC list f inputs and utputs (I/O) by type (digital, analg r bus) Cmmissining reprts Warranties and certificates 15 Security, antiintrusin and alarm system 16 Mnitring / SCADA system Security system layut / general arrangement drawing Security system blck diagram Alarm system schematic diagram Equipment manuals and datasheets Access t security credentials (e.g. passwrds, instructins, keys etc.) Warranties and certificates Service level agreement with security cmpany (if applicable) Installatin and O&M manual List f inputs by type (digital, analg r bus); I/O list includes e.g. sensr readings that are cllected by data lggers Electrical schematic diagram Blck diagram (including netwrk addresses) Equipment datasheets 17 Plant cntrls Pwer plant cntrl system descriptin Cntrl rm (if applicable) Plant cntrls instructins Breaker cntrl functinality (remte / n-site) and instructins List f inputs and utputs 18 Cmmunicatin system Installatin and O&M manual System internal cmmunicatin External cmmunicatin t mnitring system r peratins center IP netwrk plan Bus netwrk plans

17 Best Practice Checklist fr Recrd Cntrl Recrd cntrl N. Activity Type Infrmatin Type Input Recrd 1 Alarms / peratin incidents Alarms descriptin Date and time, affected pwer, equipment cde / name, errr messages / cdes, severity classificatin, curtailment perid, external visits / inspectins frm third parties 2 Cntract management Cntract general descriptin Prject name / cde, client name, peak pwer (kwp) 3 Cntract management Asset descriptin Structure type, installatin type 4 Cntract management Cntract perid Cntract start and end date 5 Cntract management Cntractual clauses Cntract value, availability (%), PR (%), materials / spare parts, crrective wrk labr 6 Crrective maintenance 7 Crrective maintenance 8 Crrective maintenance 9 Crrective maintenance Activity descriptin Crrective maintenance event Crrective maintenance event lg Interventin equipment / element name Detailed failure typificatin, failure, fault status, prblem reslutin descriptin, prblem cause (*) Assciated alarms (with date), event status (*) Date and time f crrective maintenance creatin (r wrk rder), date and time status change (pending, pen, recvered, clse), end date and time f the interventin, start date and time f the interventin, technicians and respnsible names and functin (*) Affected pwer and affected prductin, equipment cde / name 10 Inventry management Warehuse management Inventry stck cunt and mvement, equipment cde / name 11 Mnitring and supervisin 12 Mnitring and supervisin 13 Mnitring and supervisin 14 Mnitring and supervisin 15 Preventative maintenance 16 Preventative maintenance Equipment status Mete data Prductin / cnsumptin data Perfrmance data Interventin equipment / element name Maintenance descriptin Date, status lg (prtectin devices, inverters, mnitring systems, surveillance systems) Irradiatin, mdule temperature, ther mete variables (ambient temperature, air humidity, wind velcity and directin, ) (**) AC active and reactive pwer at PV plant injectin pint and ther subsystems r equipment, cnsumptin frm auxiliary systems, ther variables (DC/AC vltages and currents, frequency), pwer frm DC field (**) PV plant energy prductin; PR; expected vs real Affected pwer and affected prductin, equipment cde / name, interventin start and end date Measurements, preventative maintenance tasks perfrmed, prblems nt slved during activity and its classificatin and typificatin, technicians and respnsible names and functin 17 PV plant dcumentatin Cmmissining Cmmissining dcumentatin and tests results (***)

18 18 PV plant dcumentatin 19 PV plant dcumentatin Operatin and maintenance System dcumentatin Equipment manuals, PV plant O&M manual (***) As built dcumentatin (datasheets, wiring diagrams, system data) (***) 20 Warranty management Claims registratin Affected equipment, claim descriptin, ccurrence date, cmmunicatins between O&M, client and manufacturer/supplier 21 Security management Alarm interventin Alarms lg, type f alarm, time f ccurrence, cunter measures (*) EN Maintenance. Maintenance terminlgy (**) IEC Phtvltaic system perfrmance mnitring - Guidelines fr measurement, data exchange and analysis (***) IEC Phtvltaic (PV) systems - Requirements fr testing, dcumentatin and maintenance - Part 1: Grid cnnected systems - Dcumentatin, cmmissining tests and inspectin

19 Best Practice Checklist fr Reprting Indicatrs Reprting Indicatrs N. Prpsed Indicatr Predicted Measured Estimated 1 Inslatin 2 Active energy prduced 3 Active energy cnsumed 4 Reactive energy prduced 5 Reactive energy cnsumed 6 Peak pwer achieved 7 Perfrmance Rati 8 Energy Perfrmance Index 9 Balance f system efficiency 10 Plant external energy lsses 11 Plant internal energy lsses 12 Energy-based availability 13 Time-based availability 14 Inverter specific energy lsses 15 Inverter specific efficiency 16 Mdule siling lsses 17 Mdule degradatin Nte: Minimum Requirement, Best Practice