Chapter-14 Grade-8 Geography Q. Give reasons for the following. 1. Desert plants have deep roots. Ans: Deep roots, thick bars, and long thrones.

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1 Chapter-14 Grade-8 Geography Q. Give reasons for the following. 1. Desert plants have deep roots. Ans: Deep roots, thick bars, and long thrones. Reduce the loss of moisture. It helps the trees to obtain moisture from great depth. 2. The number of animal species has reduced in recent times. Ans: Due to reckless killing of animal by humans for personal enjoyment and gain. Q. Answer the following questions. 1. In which area tropical rainforest found? Mention two characteristics of these forests? Ans: Rainy slopes of western Ghats, hills of eastern india, Andaman and Nicobar island, some parts of west Bengal and Odisha. Characteristics. 1. Grow in areas of hot and humid climate. 2. Evergreen and trees, and their undergrowth are found in these forests. 3. Name four trees which grow in the monsoon forests. Which forests are found in the different altitudes of the Himalaya. Ans: Sal, Bamboo, bushes, fir, deodar, spruce. Forest found in different altitude. Foothills: Tropical deciduas forest. Above the foothills: Evergreen forests. Even higher altitude: coniferous forests. 3,500 m and above: Alpine grassland. 4. What products are obtained from the forests? What is the importance of forests? Ans: wood, lac, resin, gum, cellulose, folder, tender, leaves and medicinal herbs. Importance. a) Maintain water cycle. b) 90% of the energy requirements of our country. c) 25% of the fodder required for livestock in India. 5. Write a short note on the wildlife of India. Ans: India forests houses a large variety of wildlife more than 80,000 species of animals are found in India. India has more than 1200 species of birds and many types of reptiles. The elephant is the most majestic and the largest mammal found in our country. It is found in the forests of Assam, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. 6. Distinguish between a national park, wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve. Ans: National park: Is a reserve area meant for preserving and the natural beauty of a region. Wild sanctuary: is a reserve area meant for the preservation and development of endangered species. Biosphere reserve: View to protect and conserve the biodiversity of our country Chapter-15 Give reasons. 1. Wheat fields are ploughed after the rainy season. Ans: At this time the land is moist and soft. Much of the work on the farms is done manually, machines like tractor, harvesters, and threshers. 2. Punjab has done miracles in wheat cultivation and production. Ans: Light rainfall, fertile alluvial soil, excellent irrigation system, enterprising Punjabi farmers. Q.C Answer the following. 1. In which of India is wheat the staple food? Name three important wheat production states. Ans: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh are the important wheat producing states. And people living in the northern and north western people have staple food is wheat.

2 2. What is the main geographical requirement for wheat cultivation? Discus how temperate and rainfall affect wheat cultivation. Ans: Temperature, Rainfall, other climatic conditions soil. Temperature: It should be low (about 10 C 15 C.) at the time of souring, Harvesting: 25 C to 30 C. Rainfall: Less than 100 cm light showers during winter season can produce a bumper crop. 3. Name three machines used for wheat cultivation. Name three methods of sowing wheat seeds. Ans: Tractors, harvesters, threshers. Broadcasting, dibbling, drilling. 4. What are the main aspects of the green revolution? Ans: Introduction of high fielding variety seeds. Water supply through irrigation. Use of chemical fertilizers. Use of insecticides and pesticides. Consolidation of land holdings. Provision of agriculture credit on soft terms from the banks. Use of form machines. 5. Name five leading wheat producing district of Punjab. Ans: Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Sangrur, Bhatinda, Amritsar. Chapter-16 Q.C. Give reasons. 1. Perennial trees are more preferred for plantations than annual crops. Ans: Annual crops are less suitable for plantations than perennial tree or cash crop as rubber or tea. As the latter provide good yield for many years after they are planted. 2. Latex is not tapped on rainy days. Ans: It is done on alternate days due to rainwater dilute the latex. Q.D. Answer the following. 1. What do you mean by plantation agriculture? Where the plantations are usually located? Ans: It involves the cultivation of cash crops on large estates. Plantation agriculture is well development in Kerala. 2. Mention five main feature of plantation agriculture? Ans: Large farms, availability of abundant and cheap rubber, huge capital investment processing of crops before sale in the market, use of fertilizer. 3. What are the geographical conditions required for the cultivation of rubber? Ans: Relief: Flat or gently sloping land. Temperature: 25 C to 35 C. Rainfall: 200 cm. Soil: Deep, rich and well drained soil. Others: cheap and adequate supply of labour. 4. Discus the relief, temperature and rainfall conditions required for the cultivation of tea, name three coffee producing district of Kerala. Ans: Relief: Grown on hill slops. Temperature: 25 C. Rainfall: More than 400 cm District: Kasaragod, Kanner, Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad. 5. What is soil type requires for coconut cultivation? Name five spices cultivation in Kerala. Ans: Soil: Sandy and Saline soil. Spices: Cardamom, Pepper, cinnamon, cloves and ginger. Chapter-17 Q.C Give reasons. 1. The Indian textiles could not complete with the modern textiles of Britain. Ans: Because Britain provided better Cloth at cheaper prices. 2. A humid climate is essential for the set up of textiles industry. Ans: Because it prevents thread from breaking frequently and thus helps in spinning. Q.D Answer the following. 1. What is the meaning of the word textile? Name three fiber obtained from plants. Ans: Textile means woven fabrics. Plants: Cotton, flax, hemp.

3 2. Which country first witnesses the shift from handmade textiles to machine made textiles? What was the reason for such a shift? Ans: England and the reasons were flying shuttle, carding machine, spinning male and power loom. 3. How many processes are involved in the making of cloth in a textiles mill? Name the processes. Ans: Five main process namely ginning, curding, spinning, weaving, processing(dyeing, finishing, printing) 4. Name four cities, apart from Mumbai, where textile mills are located. Mention five factors responsible for the growth of textile industries in and around Mumbai? Ans- apart from Mumbai: Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, Madurai, Kolkata, Kanpur, Bangalore, and Hyderabad. Factors: a) Humid climate. b) Black soil. c) Availability of cheap hydroelectricity. d) Soft water for washing. e) Skilled and semiskilled labour. f) Well developed road. g) Ready market. 5. The textile industry in Mumbai has showed comparatively less growth in the recent past. Give reason. Ans: Reasons are: Very high land rent. High wages of labour. Distance from the main consuming center. Development of railways in other parts of India. Development of hydroelectricity. Cheap labour costs. Obsolete machines. Stiff competition faced from power loom and handloom sector. Chapter-18 Q.C Give reasons. 1. Bangalore has developed in a centre for the software industry. Ans: Development of public sector industries and the setting up of Indian space research organization accompanied by local talent in science, engineering and electronic provided a base for the private sector electronics industries. It helped the development of computer and it industry in Bangalore. 2. Bangalore is known as the silicon valley of india. Ans: The Karnataka government developed electronic city about 18 km away from Bangalore Texas instruments (IT), USA in 1984, way the first to select Bangalore to develop their Gaye for the Asia-pacific region. In 1989, Hewlett Packard(HP) also set up their unit here. More and more multinational companies made a beeline for Bangalore and the city soon came to be known as the silicon valley of india. Q.D Answer the following. 1. What do you know about the location of Bangalore? Ans: It located in the Deccan plateau, situated at an elevation of about 950 m above the sea level, the city is known for its mild climate throughout the year. 2. Which high tech industries were set up in Bangalore by the government of India? Ans: Bharat Electronics limited. Hindustan Aeronautics limited. Indian Telephone Industries Limited. Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited. 3. Which factors favored the development of information technology industry in Bangalore? Ans: Presence of high tech industries. Highly educated and skilled labour force. Strong educational system. Support from the state and central government.

4 Relative low cost of living. 4. Name five software companies based in Bangalore. Name three multinational companies. Ans: IBM, Oracle, Novell, Fujitsu And digital equipment are based in Bangalore. Multinational companies-> Motorola, Deutche Bank Siemens, Citicorp, and Verifone. 5. Name four centers of information technology other than Bangalore. Ans: New Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Chennai, Hydrabad, Pune, Kachi, Chandigrah. Chapter-19 Q.B Answer the following questions. 1. What do you understand by human made disasters? What are its main causes? Ans: A group of terrorists may blow up a train or a building with explosives. Seven disasters are called human made disasters. Weapons of mass destruction. Misuse of ruder weapons. Release of deadly germs. Misuse of dangerous chemicals. Major fires. Collapse of tall buildings, bridge etc. 2. Name the weapons of mass destruction. Which weapons of mass destruction is called the poor man s nuclear bomb? Ans: Nuclear weapons and misuse of chemical for destructive purpose called weapon of mass destruction. The biological weapons. 3. What precautions should be taken in case of chemical disasters? Ans: Find out hazardous chemical industry near to city. Emergency plan the deal. Availability of antidotes. Keep a charts of Does and don ts for chemical disasters. 4. What is biological attack? Explain how biological weep work instantly gets in visibly. Ans: It means release of germs or other biological substance such enter the body through inhalation cuts in the skin and food and make one sick. It works instantly, but the symphony may not be visible initially. Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose the cause of sickness, at the biological agents or germs take time to manifest. 5. What precautions should be taken before and after accidental disasters? Ans: Follow the traffic rules organize traffic safety week in your school. Inform the police stations or fire stations immediately after any road, rail or fire accident. Find fire station about the dos and don ts in case of a fire but bread. Chapter-20 Q.B Answer the following. 1. What is pollution? What are the different types of pollution? Ans: The addition of harmful substance to our surroundings these substance called pollutants contaminate the air, water and land. 4 types Air pollution, water, soil, noise pollution. 2. List three causes each of air and water pollution. Ans: Causes of air pollution. Smoke from earthen chulhas. Burning of plastic or paper. Dust from dust storms. Accidental discharge of harmful chemicals and gases. Causes of water pollution. Household waste. Factories dumping hazardous waste. Chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Discharge of radioactive. Accidental oil spill as from ships. 3. What happens when the topsoil get polluted? Ans: It is difficult to grow plants on such soil as most nutrients are present in the topsoil.

5 4. How is noise pollution harmful to us? Ans: It affects our physical and psychological health. It causes stress, digestive disorders lots of concentration, headache, insomania and even loss of hearing. Short question answers. Ch What is flora? Ans: It refers a area which is full of vegetarian. 2. Name the major types of forest found in India. Ans: Tropical rainforest. Tropical deciduous forests. Desert vegetarian. Tidal forests. Alpine vegetarian. 3. Name three states where you will find desert vegetarian. Ans: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, parts of Deccan plateau, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh. 4. Which forests are found in sunder bans? Ans: Mangrove. Ch-15 1.How many rivers make up the plain of Punjab and Haryana name them? Ans: Five rivers -> Satluj, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum. 2.In which season wheat is sown? Ans: Winter. 3.What should be the ideal temperature during the time of wheat harvest? Ans: 25 C to 30 C. 4.What do you understand by the term doab? Ans: The land between two rivers. Ch-16 1.Who introduced plantation agriculture in India? Ans: British. 2.Name three crops grown in plantations. Ans: Rubber, Coffee, tea, Coconut and spices such as cardamom, cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg. 4.Which are the main plantation crops in India? Ans: Rubber, Tea, Coffee, Spices, Coconut and Bananas. 5. What is tilling? Ans: To prepare land for the cultivation of crops by ploughing and manuring. Chapter What do you understand by the term textile? Ans: Woven fabric. 2. From where a rayon is obtained? Ans: Chemical. 3. Where the first mode cotton textile mill was set up in India? Ans: Kolkata. 4. Which soil is suitable for cotton cultivation? Ans: Black soil. Chapter What is the full form of IT? Ans: Information Technology. 2. What is the capital of Karnataka? Ans: Bangalore. 3. Who announced the information technology policy in 1992? Ans: Karnataka Government. 4. What do you understand by the term public sector? Ans: The economic activity planned development owned and managed by the central or state government. Chapter What is natural disaster? Ans: A disaster made by naturally like earthquakes, floods, cyclones.

6 2. Who dropped atom bomb on Japan during the second world war? Ans: U.S.A. 3. In which years the Bhopal Gas tragedy happened? Ans: Chapter How can we measure the intensely of sound? Ans: Decibels. (Db) 2. What is the full form of WHO? Ans: World Health Organization.