Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia

Transcription

1 P.O. Box 123 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya tel: fax: FSNAU is managed by FAO The boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The regional & District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia June 218 Update (Issued July 2, 218) Highlights Inflation: SoSh (Somali shilling)-using areas: Consumer Index (CPI) mildly changed (by 2-6%) in June 218. Similary, the CPI declined (by 1-17%) annually due to decreases in cereal prices. SISh (Somaliland shilling)-using areas: The CPI remained relatively stable compared to a month ago (May 218) but increased (4%) compared to a year ago. Exchange rate: SoSh-using areas: The exchange rates between SoSh and the United States Dollar (USD) remained relatively stable or changed at mild rates (less than +/- 7%) against USD in most regions of the country. Annual comparison indicates that SoSh is mildly gaining value in central regions (1%); but mildly losing value (1-%) in other SoSh areas. SISh-using areas: The SISh remained stable against the USD compared to last month (May 218) while annual comparison indicates a depreciation of 11 percent due to increased supply of newly printed local currency notes and a decline in the availability of USD due to reduced livestock exports and export revenue. Local cereal prices changed mildly (less than +/- 1%) in most regions of the country compared to last month. Annual comparison indicates lower prices in most regions due to increased supply as a result of improved cereal production compared to a year ago (June 217). s of imported food (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) mostly exhibited relative stability or mild monthly changes (less than +/-1%) in local currency terms in June 218 against preceding months across the country. Similarly, compared to one year ago, prices exhibited mild changes (mostly increases) in most of the southern and central regions for most food imports. For most of northern regions, prices of most food imports increased compared to a year ago due to depreciation of local currency against USD. Livestock prices for local quality goat and camel exhibited mild changes (less than +/- 1%) in most regions compared to last month. Compared to a year ago (June 217), most regions exhibited increases in goat and camel prices due to improved body conditions as a result of better rainfall performance this year which increased water availability and pasture. Milk prices (camel and cattle) exhibited mild declines in most regions of the country compared to June 218 due to increased supply as a result of increased availability of water and pasture. On the other hand, milk prices (mainly camel) increased from moderate to high when compared to last year in most regions of the country due to less milk supply because of low camel calving. DJIBOUTI Zeilac Awdal Borama Woq. Galbeed Burao Tog-Wajaale Hargeisa Togdheer Abudwaq Erigabo Sanag Lasanod Bossaso Dusa Mareb Galgadud El Barde Belet Weyne Haradhere Bakol Dolo Hudur Hiran Aden Yabal El Der Luuq Belet Xawo Gedo Baidoa M. Shabelle El Waq Qansah Dere Monitored Market Jowhar Dinsor Bay Wanle Weyne Bardera Market Catchment Afgoye Qoryoley Banadir Central Merka L. Shabelle Juba Valley Buale Juba Hagar North East Doobley Jilib Afmadow North West Jamame Shabelle Valley Kismayo Sorghum belt Major Road Regional Boundary Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia Sool Galkayo Mudug Garowe Nugal This Market Update is a monthly report that presents analysis of market information and is produced regularly as part of the monthly monitoring process. The weekly price data is collected from 46 main markets and 2 rural markets throughout Somalia since 199. Market analysis is an integral part of all of FSNAU s annual food security projections and seasonal technical reports (Technical Reports on FSNAU Post Gu and Post Deyr Analysis). Detailed market data are available online on www. fsnau.org/ids. Bari Labor (unskilled) wages changed mildly (by less than +/-1%) compared to last month in most regions of the country. Compared to a year ago (June 217), labor wages exhibited increases in most regions of the country due to improved agricultural labor opportunities as a result of improved rainfall performance compared to last year. (ToT) between daily labor wage and cereals remained relatively stable or changed mildly in most regions of the country compared to last month. Annual comparison indicates higher ToT between daily labor and cereals in most regions due to increases in labor wages and/or decrease in cereal prices. The ToT between local quality goat and cereals mostly exhibited mild changes (+/- 1-1%) in most regions of the country compared to last month. Compared to a year ago (June 217), the ToT between goat and cereals were higher across the country due to increased goat prices and/ or decrease in cereal prices. Siege-affected towns (Bulo-Burto, Wajid, Dinsor and Hudur) Labor (unskilled) wages in June 218 exhibited mild monthly changes (+/- less than 1%) but increased in Wajid (41%) compared to a month ago. Compared to last year labor wage rates were higher in all the markets. (ToTs) between daily labor wage and cereals and between local quality goat and cereals either remained relatively stable or increased compared to last month in all the markets except in Bulo-Burto where the ToTs are lower. Annual comparison indicates higher ToTs in these markets due to increase in goat prices, daily labor wage and/or decrease in cereal prices compared to year ago. Local grain (red and white sorghum) prices exhibited declines (1-2%) compared to last month in all the markets except in Bulo-Burto where white sorghum prices increased mildly (13%). Compared to a year ago, local grain prices have mostly decreased due to increased supply from improved cereal production and humanitarian distribution. s of imported food items (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) changed (by less than +/-1%) at mild rates for most of the food imports in all siege-affected markets compared to last month. On the other hand, compared to a year ago, prices of most food imports mostly declined in due to increased supply from humanitarian distribution; exception is Wajid where prices mildly increased.

2 National Trends: CPI, Exchange Rates, Cereal s and Relative Purchasing Power Table 1: ToT betwen Daily Wage Rate and Cereals by Region June 218 Regions June 218 (kg) May 218 kg change from June 217 June yr ( ) Banadir/Mogadishu (White maize) Bay (Red sorghum) Bakool (Red sorghum) Gedo (Red sorghum) Juba (White maize) Shabelle (White maize) Northwest (Imported Rice) Northeast (Imported Rice) 8 Central (Imported Rice) Figure 1: Wheat s: Mogadishu and Bossaso Markets per Kg 17, Bossaso Mogadishu 16, 1, 14, 13, 12, 11, 1, 9, 8, June July August September October November December January February March April May June Source: FSNAU Manfest Monitoring System Figure 2: Between Wage Rates and Selected Cereals Kg Cereal per Daily Wage Rate TOT to Sorghum (Sorghum Belt) TOT to Maize (Juba & Shabelle) TOT to Rice (NW) TOT to Rice (Central & NE) Figure 3: ly Exchange Rate for Selected Regions (SoSh and SlSh to USD) SoSh per US Dollar 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, Baidoa(SoSh) Bosasso(SoSh) Galkayo(SoSh) Mogadishu(SoSh) Hargeisa(SlSh) 11, 1, 9, 8, 7, 6, SlSh per US Dollar 1,, Figure 4: ly Trends in Consumer Index (CPI, March 27=1) CPI CPI Central CPI North(Sosh) CPI North(SlSh) CPI South CPI somalia (SoShs) per Kg (SoSH) Figure : ly Trends in Local Cereal s 39, 36, 33, 3, 27, 24, 21, 18, 1, 12, 9, 6, 3, Juba Valley(White Maize 1 kg) Shabelle Valley(White Maize 1 kg) NE (Red Sorghum 1 kg) SorghumBelt(Red Sorghum 1 kg) Central(Red Sorghum 1 kg) NW (White Sorghum 1 kg) 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Kg (SLSH) 2

3 Regional analysis: Juba Regions -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 24,433 21,94 22,938 2,2 1,728 1% 2% 3% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,76 16,391 17,688 18,281 7,74 3% 12% 14% Petrol 1 litre 26,996 23,62 2, 28,12 11,961 13% 19% 4% Sugar 16,62 18,12 18,313 19,938 8,4 9% 1% 2% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 3,176 28,188 29,781 31,66 13,47 6% 12% % Wheat Flour 1kg 16,4 16, 17,219 17,438 7,378 1% 9% 9% Wheat Grain 1kg Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 9,67 13,37 1,333 9,36 3,77-13% -32% -7% White Maize 1kg 1,778 13,88 8,93 9,93 4,168 12% -24% -8% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 9,66,278 9,79,37 13,33,929 12,948,81,2,87-4% 3% 3% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,778,236 3,327, 3,78,333 3,94,714 1,691,981 6% 19% 4% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 17,688 18,31 21,969 19, 8,262-11% % 1% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,362,47 1,448,438 1,628,12 1,8, ,669-3% 9% 16% Goat Local Quality (Head) 879,91 82,188 9,62 894, ,377-6% % 2% Charcoal kg 8,19 89,844 19,688 97,812 41,846-11% 9% 1% Cowpeas 1 kg 24,16 29,7 27,813 26,87 11,42-3% -1% 11% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 89,887 96,46 12,31 89, 38,281-12% -7% % Firewood Bundle 8,33 7,16 7,96 7,16 2,969-9% % -14% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 64,92 49,94 67,87 66, 28,418-2% 3% 3% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,63 22,617 24,63 23,713 1,69-1% % 1% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 43% 2% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 7% 21% Indices Consumer Index % -17% - Figure 6: Trends in Cereal s Figure 7: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 2 12, /Cereal TOT 1, 8, 6, 4, , Figure 8: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 9: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) per Unit (SoSh) Figure 1: Exchange Rate Figure 11: Water Drum (2 litres) 3

4 Regional analysis: Sorghum Belt Regions (Bay, Bakool, Gedo and Hiran) -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 28,413 24,7 26,979 27,12 11,32 1% 1% -% Imported Red Rice 1kg 18,917 19,14 19,87 2,479 8,682 3% 7% 8% Petrol 1 litre 29,493 29,188 29,2 29,271 12,43 % % -1% Sugar 2,12 22,12 21,396 21,12 8,99-1% -% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 38,94 36,64 36,979 37,646 16,44 2% 3% -1% Wheat Flour 1kg 17,97 17,917 18,333 18,813 7,968 3% % % Wheat Grain 1kg 16,188 2, 19,2 18,7 7,941-2% -9% 16% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 9,348 13, 1, 9,143 3,821-9% -3% -2% White Maize 1kg 11,31 13, 9,86 9,94 4,16 1% -27% -12% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 12,44,834 11,212, 12,16, 11,697,727,16,3-4% 4% -3% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,61,321 2,72,87 3,236,87 3,233,333 1,386,483 % 17% -9% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 18,399 24,29 26,42 26,479 11,2 % 9% 44% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,78,987 1,7, 1,38,864 1,72, ,349 2% % % Goat Local Quality (Head) 898, ,167 9, ,12 412,927 1% 21% 7% Charcoal kg 11,21 163,636 24,69 18, 79,23-1% 13% 22% Cowpeas 1 kg 26,431 37,83 31,42 3,64 13,24-3% -19% 16% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 96,421 9,313 96,2 99,83 42,6 3% 4% 3% Firewood Bundle 6,48 6,333 6,229,646 2,321-9% -11% -14% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 79,8 8,833 88,111 88,28 37,6 % 9% 1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,943 23,86 23,1 24,2 1,23 2% 1% 9% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice (Kg) - % % % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice (Kg) % 12% % Indices Consumer Index % -17% - 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 12: Trends in Cereal s Gedo Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bay Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bakool Cereal (Red Sorghum) Hiraan Cereal (White Sorghum) Figure 13:Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) Figure 14: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 1: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 16: Exchange Rate Figure 17: Water Drum (2 litres) 4

5 Regional analysis: Shabelle Regions -Year ( ) Figure 18: Trends in Cereal s Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 22,81 16, 19, 19,62 8,316 1% 19% -14% Imported Red Rice 1kg 1,98 1,417 16,98 17,42 7,28 % 11% 7% Petrol 1 litre 26,81 2, 21,12 21,28 8,99 % 6% -19% Sugar 17,346 18,333 17, 16,917 7,1 % -8% -2% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 27,29 28,167 29,98 3, 12,76 % 7% 1% Wheat Flour 1kg 1,64 14,83 1,2 1,167 6,44-1% 8% -3% Wheat Grain 1kg 18, - 17, 19, 8,48 9% - 3% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 1,22 13,22 9,48 8,711 3,636-8% -34% -1% White Maize 1kg 9,421 1,88 8,47 7,62 3,168 -% -29% -19% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 18,176, 17,46,2 17,93,7 16,8, 7,22,87-1% -3% -7% Cattle Local Quality (Head),26,133 3,97, 4,134,37 4,9,62 1,968,44 11% 1% -17% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 2,83 26,833 28,167 24,917 1,8-12% -7% 2% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,768,48 1,786,87 2,91,2 1,927, 826,489-8% 8% 9% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,281,833 1,274,83 1,489,167 1,398,42 99,61-6% 1% 9% Charcoal kg 132, ,83 12,12 1,48 66,67 2% 11% 17% Cowpeas 1 kg 24,18 43,486 26,819 24,194 1,27-1% -44% 1% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 68, 76,667 64,333 72,917 31,17 13% -% 7% Firewood Bundle 6,63,667 7, 7,667 3,188 2% 3% 16% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 7,463, 6,42,28 23,7-2% 9% -4% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,714 23,71 23,4 23,21 9,987 % 2% 8% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 43% 43% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 6% 32% Indices Consumer Index % -17% - Figure 19: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Cereal 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 2: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate 6, Figure 21: Goat Local Quality 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 22: Exchange Rate Figure 23: Water Drum (2 litres)

6 Regional analysis: Banadir Region -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 17,19 12,72 14,392 14,392 6,72 % 13% -16% Imported Red Rice 1kg 12,366 11,98 12,42 12,87,421 3% 8% 4% Petrol 1 litre 19,19 1,833 1, 1,667 6,619 1% -1% -18% Sugar 14,12 1,333 13,7 13,417,64-2% -12% -% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 22,711 22,167 23, 23, 9,978 2% 6% 3% Wheat Flour 1kg 11,723 1,62 11,167 11,83 4,867 4% 9% -1% Wheat Grain 1kg 11,7 16, 1,12 14,87 6,279-2% -1% 34% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 7,94 11,3 9,217 9,383 3,924 2% -17% 18% White Maize 1kg 1,23 13,8 1,2 1,367 4,346 2% -24% 1% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) Cattle Local Quality (Head) Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 24,323 3,167 27,333 28,333 12, 4% -6% 16% Goat Export Quality (Head) 2,293,7 2,, 2,1, 2,, 87,8-7% -22% -13% Goat Local Quality (Head) 2,69,6 2,1, 1,72, 1,62, 696,76-6% -24% -21% Charcoal kg 22,866 28,7 243,667 29,667 89,814-14% % 3% Cowpeas 1 kg 22,46 39,833 21,28 21,942 9,31 3% -4% -2% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 17,783 87,83 86,2 9,417 38,674 % 4% -16% Firewood Bundle 7,3 8, 8, 8, 3,331 % % 6% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 8,4 2,78 7, 8,833 2,13 2% 12% 1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,274 22,28 23,8 23,217 9,86 1% 4% 9% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % % -13% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -3% -2% Indices Consumer Index % -17% - Figure 24: Trends in Cereal s Figure 2: Bakara: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, Cereal (Maize) 22, 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) 4, 2, 4, 2, Figure 26: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate 6, 4, 2, Figure 27: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) Figure 28: Exchange Rate Figure 29: Wheat Flour 6

7 Regional analysis: Central Regions -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 24,7 23,7 2,12 2,6 9,461 2% -13% -14% Imported Red Rice 1kg 17,96 18,6 19, 19,4 8,94 2% 4% 8% Petrol 1 litre 24,178 24,9 23,4 24,4 11,22 4% -2% 1% Sugar 2,76 24,4 21,2 2,8 9,4-2% -1% 1% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 39,312 4,6 3, 36,1 16,6 3% -11% -8% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,19 16,2 16,2 16,2 7,419 % % % Wheat Grain 1kg 1,73 2, 18, 18, 8,2 % -1% 16% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 12,28 16, 12, 13, 6,166 8% -16% 12% White Maize 1kg 13,111 1,2 1,4 16, 7,326 4% % 22% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 11,43,7 9,787, 13,49, 13,8, 6,428,242 3% 42% 21% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 1,7, Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 32,472, 6,688 67, 31,229 11% 3% 18% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,317, 1,3, 1,676,667 1,778,667 82,41 6% 37% 3% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,18,6 97, 1,196, 1,174,8 4,172-2% 21% 1% Charcoal kg 17,3 17, 187, 22,4 12,197 18% 3% 29% Cowpeas 1 kg 2,2 46,6 33,4 29, 13,36-13% -38% 14% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 89,46 94, 18, 19,,491 1% 16% 22% Firewood Bundle 32,938 3, 31, 34, 1,681 1% -3% 3% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 86,48 83, 83, 83, 38,424 % -1% -4% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 23,16 27,2 24, 24, 11,271 % -1% 6% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice Kg) % 2% 2% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice Kg) % 17% 9% Camel (Head)/Cereal (Rice Kg) % 36% 12% Indices Consumer Index % -12% - 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 3: Trends in Cereal s Figure 31: Trends in wage rates and relative purchasing power 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 32: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 33: Goat Local Quality 8, 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 34: Exchange Rate Figure 3: Water Drum (2 litres) 7

8 Regional analysis: Northeast Regions 3, -Year ( ) Figure 36: Trends in Cereal s 14, Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 22,18 2,268 23,17 23,321 8,43 1% 1% 6% Imported Red Rice 1kg 17,14 18, 18,18 18,143 6,4 1% 1% 6% Petrol 1 litre 23,287 23,964 26,17 27,411 9,932 % 14% 18% Sugar 2,27 23,2 2,7 2,821 7,2 % -1% 3% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 3,28 33,679 34,71 34,821 12,644 1% 3% -2% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,714 17,429 16,67 16,893 6,82 2% -3% 1% Wheat Grain 1kg 3,467 3, 31,9 31,1 11,282-3% -11% 2% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 22,3 26,12 2, 24,7 8,98-3% -% 11% White Maize 1kg 21,1 22, 24,7 23, 8, -% 4% 11% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 14,611,6 13,23, 16,683, 16,89, 6,183,63 1% 28% 16% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 8,2, 8,, 13,2, 14,2,,21,6 8% 68% 78% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 4,288,767 63,7 62,2 22,682-2% 12% % Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,43,4 1,2, 1,63, 1,72, 631,28 6% 13% 2% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,33,321 1,389,643 1,67, 1,61,786 64,414 3% 19% 22% Charcoal kg 33,68 362, 39, ,7 138,13-3% 4% 7% Cowpeas 1 kg 38,663 48,42 66,313 64,84 23,63-2% 3% 68% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 13,71 137,87 146, ,964 3,68 % 7% 8% Firewood Bundle 34,971 39,393 8,71 61,2 22,316 % % 7% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 98,6 13, 11,8 121,2 44,27 % 17% 23% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,36 27, 28,214 28,286 1,22 % % 27% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % % % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 18% 1% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - Figure 37: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 2 2, 2, 1, 1,, Cereal (Rice) 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 38: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 39: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 4: Exchange Rate Figure 41: Water Drum (2 litres) 8

9 Regional analysis: Northwest Regions -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 6,167,991 8,3 8,3,7 % 39% 3% Imported Red Rice 1kg,221,7 6,3 6,4 4,47 % 1% 2% Petrol 1 litre 7,74 7,2 12,3 9,2 6,329-26% 28% 3% Sugar,84 6,2 7, 7,4,71-1% 19% 27% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 12,98 13,18 13,2 12,7 8,77-6% -4% % Wheat Flour 1kg 4,67 4,7,48 4,94 3,32-1% % 6% Wheat Grain 1kg 3,974 4,,2,37 3,66 2% 18% 3% Cereal s White Sorghum 1kg 3,884 4, 4, 4,6 3,11 2% 2% 18% Yellow Maize 1kg 4,137,4 6,3 6, 4,443 % 2% 7% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 4,87,8 4,471,667 4,383,333 4,833,333 3,377,661 1% 8% 18% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 2,33,99 2,67,167 2,64,833 2,74,167 1,924,641 4% 4% 18% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 7,81 11,3 11,2 11,1 7,67-1% -2% 46% Goat Export Quality (Head) 44,67 46, 67, 88,7 411,346 4% 28% 32% Goat Local Quality (Head) 347,98 393,2 4, 47, 331,82 6% 21% 37% Charcoal kg 6,493 72, 81,7 82,4 7,2 1% 1% 46% Cowpeas 1 kg 12,93 18, 19,313 18, 12,479-7% % 49% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 1,96 62,6 77, 77, 3,711 % 23% 48% Firewood Bundle 4,397,333 6,667 6,667 4,9 % 2% 2% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 32,742 36, 32, 34,7 24,18 7% -3% 6% Exchange Rate (Somaliland Shilling per USD) 7,16 8,9 9,842 9,93 6,843 1% 11% 32% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 9% 2% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 6% 11% Indices Consumer Index % 4% - Figure 42: Trends in Cereal s Figure 43: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 7, Cereal (Rice) 8, 2 6, SLSH, 4, 3, 2, 1, SLSH 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 44: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 4: Goat Local Quality 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SLSh) SOMALILAND SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 46: Exchange Rate Figure 47: Water Drum (2 litres) 9

10 Trends in Livestock Exports Table 1: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Shoats Cattle , Camel , Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 48: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR Table 2: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) (Jan-May) Shoats Cattle , Camel Figure 49: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR 1

11 Trends in Cereal Imports Table 3: Total Cereal Imports through Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu Ports (Tonnes) * * * 216* (Jan-May) Rice 63, Wheat flour Pasta * Elman (Mogadishu) is up to November 21. Mogadishu data (Elmaan Port) for 213 includes only January - March imports. Berbera Data is up to December 216 4, 3, Figure : Total Cereal Imports (Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu) Rice Wheat flour Pasta Tonnes 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Year 11