Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia

Transcription

1 P.O. Box 123 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya tel: fax: FSNAU is managed by FAO The boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The regional & District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia February 218 Update (Issued March 26, 218) Highlights Inflation: SoSh (Somali shilling)-using areas: Consumer Index (CPI) remained relatively stable or changed mildly (+/- 8%) in February 218. Compared to one year ago, CPI increased by 3 percent in Northeast due to increases in cereal prices. In central and southern Somalia, annual comparison indicates a decline in CPI in February 218 due to declines in current cereal prices. SISh (Somaliland shilling)-using areas: The CPI remain stable (+/-1%) in February 218 but increased by 1 percent compared to a year ago due to higher cereal prices this year. Zeilac DJIBOUTI Awdal Borama Woq. Galbeed Burao Tog-Wajaale Hargeisa Togdheer Erigabo Sanag Sool Lasanod Bossaso Bari Garowe Nugal Exchange rate: SoSh-using areas: The exchange rates between SoSh and the United States Dollar (USD) remained relatively stable or changed at mild rates (+/- %) against USD in most regions of the country during February 218. Annual comparison mostly exhibited a mixed pattern with SoSh (old currency notes) gaining value in central and southern (4 % in Middle Shabelle and 18 % in Hiraan) as traders and consumers in these regions are abandoning the use of newly printed SoSh currency notes in favor of the more valued, pre-war old notes which have limited supply in local markets. SoSh new currency notes which are more widely in use in the northeast depreciated (8%) against the USD in northeast regions. This is due to increased supply of the recently printed local currency notes in the northeast regions. SISh-using areas: After continued depreciation in recent months, the SISh remained stable against the USD in February 218. As expected, annual comparison indicates high depreciation of 38 percent due to increased supply of newly printed local currency notes and a decline in the availability of USD due to reduced livestock exports and export revenue. Local cereal prices changed mildly (less than +/- 1%) in most regions of the country in February 218 except in Sanaag where local cereal (white sorghum) price increased moderately (27%) due to a combination of reduced cereal supply and deteriorated security condition in the region. Annual comparison indicates lower prices in most regions in February 218 due to increased supply as a result of improved 217/18 Deyr season cereal production compared to a year ago. s of imported food (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) mostly exhibited relative stability or mild monthly changes (less than +/-1%) in local currency terms in February 218 across the country. Compared to one year ago, prices exhibited mixed patterns, with mild to moderate price declines recorded for most food imports in most of Southern regions. The highest price declines (1-24%) were recorded in Middle Shabelle and Hiraan due to increased supply from humanitarian food distribution and mild appreciation of SoSh against USD in these regions. Compared to a year ago, prices for most food imports in central and northeast regions showed mild changes (less than +/- 1%) but increased moderately (11-2%) in northwest compared to a year ago due to depreciation of the local currency (SlSh) against USD in these regions. Livestock prices for local quality goat and camel exhibited mild changes (less than -/+1%) in February 218 in most regions of the country. Compared to a year ago, most regions exhibited increases in goat and camel prices in February 218 due to a combination of improved body conditions as a result of relatively better 217 Deyr season rainfall performance and consequent increased water availability and pasture as well as reduce supply of livestock in the market due to livestock losses sustained during the drought in 217. Similarly, milk prices (camel and cattle) mostly exhibited mild changes (less than +/-1%) in most regions of the country in February 218. However, compared to one year ago, milk prices (camel and cattle) increased from moderate to high levels due to reduced supply of milk as a result of low livestock births caused by reduced conception and increased abortion during the 216/217 drought. Labor (unskilled) wages changed mildly (by less than +/-1%) in most regions of the country in February 218. Compared to a year ago, labor wages mostly exhibited increases in most regions of the country. This could be attributed to improved agricultural labor opportunities due to improved 217 Deyr season rainfall performance compared to last year. (ToT) between daily labor wage and cereals remained relatively stable or changed mildly in most regions of the country in February 218. Annual comparison indicates higher ToT between daily labor and cereals in most regions due to increases in labor wages and/or decreases in cereal prices. The ToT between local quality goat and cereals mostly exhibited mild changes (+/- 1%) in most regions of the country during February 218. Compared to a year ago, the ToT between goat and cereals were higher across the country due to increased goat prices and/or decreases in cereal prices. Abudwaq Dusa Mareb Galgadud El Barde Belet Weyne Haradhere Bakol Dolo Hudur Hiran Aden Yabal El Der Luuq Belet Xawo Gedo Baidoa M. Shabelle El Waq Qansah Dere Monitored Market Jowhar Dinsor Bay Wanle Weyne Bardera Market Catchment Afgoye Qoryoley Banadir Central Merka L. Shabelle Juba Valley Buale Juba Hagar North East Doobley Jilib Afmadow North West Jamame Shabelle Valley Kismayo Sorghum belt Major Road Regional Boundary Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia Galkayo Mudug This Market Update is a monthly report that presents analysis of market information and is produced regularly as part of the monthly monitoring process. The weekly price data is collected from 46 main markets and 2 rural markets throughout Somalia since 199. Market analysis is an integral part of all of FSNAU s annual food security projections and seasonal technical reports (Technical Reports on FSNAU Post Gu and Post Deyr Analysis). Detailed market data are available online on www. fsnau.org/ids. Towns Affected by Trade Disruption (Bulo Burto, Wajid, Hudur and Diinsor) Unskilled labor wages declined moderately in Bulo-Burto (13%) and Dinsor (23%) but changed mildly in Hudur and Wajid during February 218. Compared to a year ago, labor wages increased due to increased opportunities from loading and off-loading activities as a result of increased humanitarian distribution of food aid and increased agricultural activities in the surrounding rural areas related to the 217 Deyr season. (ToTs) between daily labor wage and cereals and between local quality goat and cereals either remained relatively stable or changed at mild rates in February 218 in all of the above markets. Annual comparison indicates higher ToTs in these markets due to increases in goat prices and daily labor wage and/or a decrease in cereal prices this year. Local grain (red and white sorghum) prices changed mildly (by less than +/-1%) in siege affected markets in February 218. Compared to a year ago, local grain prices decreased in most markets due to increased supply from improved Deyr 217 cereal production and ongoing humanitarian distribution. s of imported food items (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) changed at mild rates for most of the food imports in all siege affected markets in February 218. On the other hand, compared to a year ago, prices of most food imports declined in these markets due to increased supply from humanitarian distribution this year.

2 National Trends: CPI, Exchange Rates, Cereal s and Relative Purchasing Power Table 1: ToT betwen Daily Wage Rate and Cereals by Region February 218 Regions February 218 (kg) January 218 kg change from February 217 February yr ( ) Banadir/Mogadishu (White maize) Bay (Red sorghum) Bakool (Red sorghum) 2 Gedo (Red sorghum) Juba (White maize) 13 3 Shabelle (White maize) Northwest (Imported Rice) Northeast (Imported Rice) 8 Central (Imported Rice) Figure 1: Wheat s: Mogadishu and Bossaso Markets per Kg 17, Bossaso Mogadishu 16, 1, 14, 13, 12, 11, 1, 9, 8, February March April May June July August September October November December January February Source: FSNAU Manfest Monitoring System Figure 2: Between Wage Rates and Selected Cereals Kg Cereal per Daily Wage Rate TOT to Sorghum (Sorghum Belt) TOT to Maize (Juba & Shabelle) TOT to Rice (NW) TOT to Rice (Central & NE) Figure 3: ly Exchange Rate for Selected Regions (SoSh and SlSh to USD) SoSh per US Dollar 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, Baidoa(SoSh) Bosasso(SoSh) Galkayo(SoSh) 11, 1, 9, 8, 7, 6, SlSh per US Dollar 1, Mogadishu(SoSh) Hargeisa(SlSh), CPI Figure 4: ly Trends in Consumer Index (CPI, March 27=1) CPI Central CPI North(Sosh) CPI North(SlSh) CPI South CPI somalia (SoShs) per Kg (SoSH) Figure : ly Trends in Local Cereal s 39, Juba Valley(White Maize 1 kg) Shabelle Valley(White Maize 1 kg) 36, NE (Red Sorghum 1 kg) SorghumBelt(Red Sorghum 1 kg) 33, Central(Red Sorghum 1 kg) NW (White Sorghum 1 kg) 3, 27, 24, 21, 18, 1, 12, 9, 6, 3, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Kg (SLSH) 2

3 Regional analysis: Juba Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 24,36 21,344 2,813 2,938 8,642 1% -2% -14% Imported Red Rice 1kg 1,26 1,62 16,63 16,188 6,69 1% 4% 6% Petrol 1 litre 2,976 23,46 22,31 22,938 9,477 2% -2% -12% Sugar 16,187 18,281 16,488 16,188 6,69-2% -11% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 3,8 28,813 28,37 27,781 11,499-2% -4% -1% Wheat Flour 1kg 14,981 1,781 1,69 1,62 6,424 % -1% 4% Wheat Grain 1kg Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 8,14 9,22 8,1 8,867 3,62 9% -4% 9% White Maize 1kg 8,631 1,76 7,983 8,94 3,279 1% -2% -6% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 9,246,719 8,46,87 1,434,37 11,482,143 4,793,781 1% 43% 24% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,29,433 2,42, 3,31,71 3,, 1,22,423-1% 24% -1% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 16,89 16,62 18,938 19,66 8,17 4% 18% 17% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,183,2 819,37 1,289,63 1,348,438 62,883 % 6% 14% Goat Local Quality (Head) 788,8 46,2 781,63 79, 329,731 1% 4% % Charcoal kg 8,62 81,46 89,219 8,37 3,4-4% % % Cowpeas 1 kg 22,294 23,438 32,66 32,66 13,34 % 39% 46% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 91,793 8,281 11,46 1, 43,738 4% 23% 14% Firewood Bundle 8,22 6,813 7,94 7,844 3,17 3% 1% -2% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 67,6 4,719 7,46 8,87 24,481 3% 8% -13% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 2,66 22,31 23,181 23,8 9,837 3% 8% 16% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 63% 3% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 92% 3% Indices Consumer Index (27=1) % -3% - Figure 6: Trends in Cereal s Figure 7: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 8: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 9: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) per Unit (SoSh) Figure 1: Exchange Rate Figure 11: Water Drum (2 litres) 3

4 Regional analysis: Sorghum Belt Regions (Bay, Bakool, Gedo and Hiran) -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 27,81 23,37 24,2 24,771 1,242 2% 6% -9% Imported Red Rice 1kg 18,91 19,438 19, 18,729 7,719-1% -4% 4% Petrol 1 litre 28,364 27,64 26,2 26,833 11,13 2% -3% -% Sugar 19,417 22,98 2,18 2,333 8,389 1% -11% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 37,73 37,833 3,233 3,7 14,826 1% -6% -% Wheat Flour 1kg 17,32 18,63 17,7 17,792 7,328 1% -4% 3% Wheat Grain 1kg 16,82 2,3 17,32 16,8 6,914-3% -17% % Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 8,319 11,88 9,8 9,1 3,71 -% -23% 9% White Maize 1kg 9,63 11,631 1,422 1,136 4,132-3% -13% 12% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 11,414,872 9,128,7 11,46,2 1,93, 4,63,27 -% 2% -4% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,418,491 2,33,37 2,773,143 2,3,37 1,6,343-9% 9% -26% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 18,969 23,646 27,817 26,79 11,87-4% 13% 41% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,471,946 1,233,49 1,464,727 1,412,7 89,734-4% 1% -4% Goat Local Quality (Head) 836,63 97, , ,42 339,6-3% 36% -3% Charcoal kg 14, , , ,91 73,628 3% 3% 21% Cowpeas 1 kg 23,341 31,6 32,7 34,42 14,113 4% 1% 46% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 96,116 8,14 98,833 94,167 39,21 -% 11% -2% Firewood Bundle 6,386,917,833,667 2,266-3% -4% -11% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 72,998 7,938 83,444 83,28 34,774 % 1% 14% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,412 23,73 23,73 23,288 9,623 1% -1% 9% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice (Kg) 4 - % 2% % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice (Kg) % 39% -7% Indices Consumer Index (27=1) % -3% - 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 12: Trends in Cereal s Gedo Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bay Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bakool Cereal (Red Sorghum) Hiraan Cereal (White Sorghum) Figure 13:Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) Figure 14: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 1: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 16: Exchange Rate Figure 17: Water Drum (2 litres) 4

5 Regional analysis: Shabelle Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 22,41 17,292 16,87 18,42 7,433 7% 4% -2% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,41 17,83 1,98 1,87 6,28-1% -7% -1% Petrol 1 litre 2,391 19,333 19,792 2, 8,2 1% 3% -21% Sugar 17,83 19,917 16,83 16,292 6,72-2% -18% -% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 27,233 29,83 29,667 29, 12,216-1% % 8% Wheat Flour 1kg 1,4 1,12 13,7 13,98,728 2% -8% -1% Wheat Grain 1kg 16, 17, 14, 16, 6,789 14% -6% % Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 9,37 9,787 9,836 8,433 3,421-14% -14% -1% White Maize 1kg 7, 8,1 7,98 6,772 2,727 -% -16% -3% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 17,112,748 1,431,2 1,68,7 16,812, 7,19,246 8% 9% -2% Cattle Local Quality (Head),8, 2,8, 3,63,12 3,94,62 1,64,141 8% 41% -23% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 18,32 18,833 2,48 2,292 8,372-1% 8% 11% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,794,2 1,99,37 1,86,62 1,824,37 761,9-2% 14% 2% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,298,666 1,22, 1,323,333 1,37, 4,791-1% 7% 1% Charcoal kg 129, ,42 137,917 17,97 6,489 14% 38% 21% Cowpeas 1 kg 18,977 27,944 29,87 3,91 12,822 4% 11% 63% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 67, 8,98 64,83 63,833 26,1-1% 8% -% Firewood Bundle 6,296 4,938,833 6,2 2,9 7% 27% -1% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 6,266 1,78 9,292 7,37 23,84-3% 11% 2% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 2,97 23,63 23,363 23,429 9,682 % 2% 12% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 29% -1% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 28% 1% Indices Consumer Index (27=1) % -3% - 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 18: Trends in Cereal s Cereal Figure 19: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 2: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate 6, Figure 21: Goat Local Quality 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 22: Exchange Rate Figure 23: Water Drum (2 litres)

6 Regional analysis: Banadir Region -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 17,464 12,28 13,992 13,892,7-1% 14% -2% Imported Red Rice 1kg 12,363 12,333 12,683 12,833,28 1% 4% 4% Petrol 1 litre 19,76 16,7 1,67 1,83 6,46 % -7% -21% Sugar 14,32 16,167 14,842 14,2,849-4% -12% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 23,261 22,83 22,733 22,833 9,433 % 3% -2% Wheat Flour 1kg 11,76 11,667 11,2 11,37 4,649 1% -3% -3% Wheat Grain 1kg 9,847 14,37 1,3 1, 6,371 1% 8% 7% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 7,81 11,48 1,413 1,2 4,19-2% -11% 3% White Maize 1kg 8,21 11,1 9,17 9,133 3,713-4% -18% 11% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) Cattle Local Quality (Head) Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 22,733 26,333 26,333 26,833 11,13 2% 2% 18% Goat Export Quality (Head) 2,166, 1,, 2,12, 2,1, 897,41 1% - -1% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,71, 9, 1,68, 1,7, 79,663 1% 89% -1% Charcoal kg 188,883 18, 188, 191,667 79,922 2% 6% 1% Cowpeas 1 kg 18,486 27,87 31,733 32,167 13,33 1% 1% 74% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 111,616 8, 9, 92,917 38,694 3% 9% -17% Firewood Bundle 6,99 8, 8, 8, 3,24 % % 14% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 61,62,792,33,333 23,2 % -1% -1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 2,16 19,8 22,9 22,9 9,482 % 16% 14% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % % -22% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 81% -4% Indices Consumer Index (27=1) % -3% - 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, Figure 24: Trends in Cereal s Figure 2: Bakara: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 4, 2, Cereal (Maize) 22, 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, , 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 26: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 27: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 28: Exchange Rate Figure 29: Wheat Flour 6

7 Regional analysis: Central Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 24,36 2, 19,9 2,4 9,238 2% 2% -16% Imported Red Rice 1kg 18,446 19,4 18,8 18,6 8,414-1% -4% 1% Petrol 1 litre 23,9 23, 23,4 23,4 1,611 % % -2% Sugar 2,94 24,2 21,6 21,6 9,787 % -11% 3% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 39,66 4,6 37,6 37,4 17,2-1% -8% -6% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,348 17,6 16,3 16,2 7,316-1% -8% -1% Wheat Grain 1kg 16,23 2,7 18,6 2,62 9,341 11% -1% 27% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 12,919 1, 14,938 1, 6,766 % -3% 16% White Maize 1kg 13,167 18,438 16,938 17,12 7,739 1% -7% 3% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 11,41, 1,9, 12,887, 13,2, 6,42,169 2% 21% 16% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 2,, Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 3,71 36,2,4,4 2,29 % 3% 8% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,36,27 1,2, 1,6, 1,83, ,667-1% 32% 21% Goat Local Quality (Head) 936,1 74, 1,4, 1,6, 487,41 2% 44% 14% Charcoal kg 17, 189, 198, 198, 9,34 % 4% 13% Cowpeas 1 kg 22,47 36,6 38,9 38,2 17,386-2% 4% 7% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 87,4 96, 18, 11,,22 2% 1% 26% Firewood Bundle 33,17 33,7 3, 3, 13,632 % -11% -1% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 8,27 79,7 83, 81, 36,978-2% 2% -% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,48 2,9 24,2 24,8 11,22 2% -4% 1% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice Kg) % 2% % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice Kg) % % 14% Camel (Head)/Cereal (Rice Kg) % 26% 14% Indices Consumer Index (27=1) % -18% - 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 3: Trends in Cereal s Figure 31: Trends in wage rates and relative purchasing power 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 32: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate 8, 6, RED RICE Figure 33: Goat Local Quality 4, 2, RED RICE per Unit (SoSh) Figure 34: Exchange Rate Figure 3: Water Drum (2 litres) 7

8 Regional analysis: Northeast Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 2,3 16,4 21,121 2,929 7,138-1% 26% 2% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,944 17, 18,89 17,696 6,2-2% 4% 4% Petrol 1 litre 21,72 19,893 24,336 24,171 8,29-1% 22% 11% Sugar 19,88 21,87 21,171 2,7 7,76-2% -% 4% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 3,72 33,286 34,37 33,643 11,3-2% 1% -6% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,46 16,643 17,279 16,7,693-3% 1% 2% Wheat Grain 1kg 29,491 3,9 32, 31,6 1,828-1% 2% 7% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 22,37 26, 27,2 26, 9,6-3% 2% 18% White Maize 1kg 21,62 28, 24, 24, 8,2 % -16% 11% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 14,13,8 1,82, 1,471, 1,619,,41,2 1% 4% 1% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 7,72,,7, 12,, 12,7, 4,49,3 2% 122% 6% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 38,713 49,6 64,83 64,333 22,149 % 3% 66% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,313,84 1,22, 1,482, 1,2, 19,18 1% 23% 14% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,233,371 1,13,929 1,424,464 1,386, ,34-3% 26% 12% Charcoal kg 3, , , , ,971-3% 3% % Cowpeas 1 kg 38,22 4, 69,3 69,413 23,9 % 74% 82% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 136,37 134, ,36 143,929 49,676 1% 7% 6% Firewood Bundle 3,328 38,36 2,321 3,18 18,23 1% 39% % Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 98,7 96,4 11,4 111, 38,461 1% 16% 14% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,77 24,982 27,7 27,71 9,262 % 8% 24% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % % % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 2% 7% Indices Consumer Index (27=1) % 3% - 3, Figure 36: Trends in Cereal s Cereal (Rice) Figure 37: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 2 2, 12, 2 2, 1, 1,, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1 1 Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) 6, 4, 2, Figure 38: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate per Unit (SoSh) Figure 39: Goat Local Quality Figure 4: Exchange Rate Figure 41: Water Drum (2 litres) 8

9 Regional analysis: Northwest Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 6,163,3 7,26 7,43,18 2% 39% 21% Imported Red Rice 1kg,172,,64 6,14 4,127 9% 11% 19% Petrol 1 litre 7,49 6,6 8,1 8,86 6,3 9% 33% 26% Sugar,829 6,2 7,1 7,34 4,93 3% 18% 26% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 12,968 14, 12,8 13,418 9,137 % -7% 3% Wheat Flour 1kg 4,446 4,489,,37 3,6 8% 2% 21% Wheat Grain 1kg 3,67 3,87 4,7,333 3,71 12% 38% 4% Cereal s White Sorghum 1kg 3,874 4,49 4,74 4,8 3,24 1% 7% 24% Yellow Maize 1kg 4,17 4,9 6,72 6,42 4,32-4% 31% 6% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 3,47,92 3,741,667 4,3, 4,71,667 3,27,969 9% 27% 37% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 2,132,66 2,36,833 1,892,83 2,383,333 1,64,97 26% 1% 12% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 7,21 11,3 12,1 12, 8,161-1% 6% 67% Goat Export Quality (Head) 427,748 38,938 46,333, ,389 1% 3% 17% Goat Local Quality (Head) 314,7 37,2 399,27 411, 282,834 3% 34% 31% Charcoal kg 3, 3,1 78,6 83,7 7,19 7% 8% 8% Cowpeas 1 kg 11,82 14,438 18,2 19,313 13,19 6% 34% 63% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 49,279 6, 72,48 8,2,144 11% 33% 63% Firewood Bundle 4,2,167,833,833 3,91 % 13% 39% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 31,787 33,63 37,2 3,37 24,22 -% % 11% Exchange Rate (Somaliland Shilling per USD 7,7 7,33 1, 1,127 6,871 1% 38% 4% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 18% 44% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 22% 12% Indices Consumer Index (27=1) % 1% - Figure 42: Trends in Cereal s Figure 43: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 7, Cereal (Rice) 8, 2 6, SLSH, 4, 3, 2, 1, SLSH 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 44: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 4: Goat Local Quality 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SLSh) SOMALILAND SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 46: Exchange Rate Figure 47: Water Drum (2 litres) 9

10 Trends in Livestock Exports Table 1: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Shoats Cattle , Camel , Figure 48: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Camel Cattle Shoats Table 2: Bossaso Livestock YEAR Exports (Number of Heads) (Jan-FEB) Shoats Cattle , Camel Figure 49: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR 1

11 Trends in Cereal Imports Table 3: Total Cereal Imports through Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu Ports (Tonnes) * * * 216* (Jan-Feb) Rice 63, Wheat flour Pasta * Elman (Mogadishu) is up to November 21. Mogadishu data (Elmaan Port) for 213 includes only January - March imports. Berbera Data is up to December 216 4, Figure : Total Cereal Imports (Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu) Rice Wheat flour Pasta 3, 3, 2, Tonnes 2, 1, 1,, Year Technical Partners FSNAU Resource Partners 11