ICT Convergence enables next generation health solutions

Transcription

1 ICT Convergence enables next generation health solutions Dr. Paul Galvin Head of Life Science Interface Tyndall National Institute Cork, Ireland

2 Where the future lies? ICT Convergence into the health care, medtech market, Pharma, cosmetics markets Combination of MEMS, Silicon Nanotechnology & Photonics Integration Adoption of Advance Silicon & Photonics packaging and design, to reduce power usage, drive minaturisation & reduce manufacturing cost base. Greater Interaction between Clinicians, Engineers & Scientists & Industry Tyndall National Institute

3 Key Figures 460 researchers & engineers, students, support staff - 38 nationalities Only full CMOS, MEMS and III-V Wafer Fabrication Facilities and Services in Ireland 116 PhD students, 12 Masters 32M Income each year 200 peer reviewed publications in 2010 Over 200 industry partnerships and customers worldwide 9 start-ups based on Tyndall Technology since 2004 Tyndall National Institute Confidential Document Dated 07:06:2011

4 Converging technologies for health Examples Tyndall National Institute

5 Highly Sensitive Nanowire Sensors Non-Invasive Glucose Detection Tyndall National Institute (c) (d) Challenge:. Capillary glucose is typically in the ~4 7 mm concentration range (for healthy adults). However, non-invasive analysis of glucose, i.e., from other bodily fluids such as saliva (~ M), requires much lower detection limits and consequently the need to develop new generations of sensors that exhibit much higher glucose sensitivity Solution: Nanowires provide enhanced sensitivity arising from increased rates of mass transport, leading to higher current densities, higher signal to noise ratios and consequently lower limits of detection Benefit: Mediated enzymatic detection of the key target analyte glucose was demonstrated at individual nanowire devices with a limit of detection of 3 m opens up the possibility of employing nanowire electrodes as sensors in future non-invasive glucose diagnostic Gold nanowires provide enhanced sensitivity vs. microelectrodes. Limit of detection ~ 3 mm for glucose (potential for non-invasive saliva-based sensor) alan.oriordan@tyndall.ie

6 Enhanced Electrochemical Detection Nanopore Arrays

7 Swallowable Capsule Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Challenge: Accurate in-vivo diagnostic tool to detect IBD. Solution: Swallowable capsule that can directly assess the disease. Benefit: Minimally invasive method for IBD diagnosis. How it works Patient swallows capsule Capsule frequently obtains chemical information on the disease In the gut environment as it moves through the GI tract Information is sent wirelessly to PC Diagnosis software applied to data Diagnosis result obtained Internal instrumentation to operate the capsule Prototype capsule

8 Microneedles Technology Challenge: Skin is a remarkable barrier to the passage of therapeutics and signals Solution: Microneedles could replace the needle-&-syringe approach to skin penetration Benefit: This technology has immense potential in low-cost delivery & sensing applications. Technology Suite Solid silicon microneedles increase skin permeability by several orders of magnitude & enhance the transdermal delivery of drugs & vaccines. Hollow microneedles are used for infusion and microinjection of therapeutics such as insulin, and for withdrawal of skin fluids for monitoring of health and wellbeing. Immupatch microneedle technology is based on polymer, drug-loaded materials which dissolve when in contact with the underlying skin layers, thereby delivering cargo in a low-cost, low-waste manner. Tyndall National Institute Microneedle-based electrodes are very promising candidates for use in stable, long-term monitoring of cardiac, brain and muscular activities. conor.omahony@tyndall.ie

9 Near-patient genetic analysis system Diagnosis of Infectious disease & pharmacogenetics Challenge: Immediately actionable molecular diagnostics data (genetic test) during a patient visit. Solution: Integrated system for simplified blood (or other specimen types) to data analysis in < 1 hr. Benefit: Enables pharmacogenetics (personalised medicine) and rapid treatment of infectious diseases based on a single visit to clinician. DNA amplification Mutation detection Tyndall National Institute paul.galvin@tyndall.ie

10 Neural interfacing Neural tissue stimulation & recording Challenge: neural modulation through electrical stimulation and recording neural signals. Solution: implantable biocompatible devices for recoding and stimulation. Cuff electrode Tyndall National Institute

11 Wearable sensors for TEL Wireless Inertial Measurement Wearable Systems Human Computer Interface 25mm GPS Motion monitoring Physiotherapy Fitness & Biomechanics IEEE a UWB Wireless Sensor System

12 Nano-scale CMOS SoC Low-power Wireless Transceivers for UWB Contactless Sensing UWB communication and contactless sensing Radars sense the mechanical activity instead of the electrical activity of the heart (i.e. need of detecting arrhythmias) System-level feasibility study: heart and chest physiology Max heart displacement (EDV/ESV) about 1.5 cm (typical, i.e. 400ps) Chest tissues (air, skin, fat, muscle, cartilage, lung, heart, blood (2cm, 2ns t-o-f) Major achievements in UWB ICs 90nm SoC UWB pulse radar transceiver (first implementation on silicon) for respiratory rate monitoring Paper at IEEE ISSCC 2011, San Francisco, CA, February 2011

13 FP7 BOND (Bioelectronic Olfactorty Neuron Device) project Sensing platform based on impedance measurements for clinical diagnostics and food quality control applications Nanoporous Gold modified microdisc sensor array High specific area form of Au with sponge-like 3D structure of interconnecting tuneable pores in a skeleton of Au filaments. Combines conflicting properties high porosity & strength Novel Sensing platform due to intrinsically high specific surface area, chemical inertness, corrosion resistance, mechanical and thermal stability - longer device lifetime. Nanoporous Higher sensitivity than planar sensing platforms and greater S/N Functionalisation - hydrophilic or hydrophobic Nanowire Bulk Neural Electrode high sensitivity microelectrode array. High surface area results in a high S/N due to low impedance values. Urbanova, et al. Macroporous microelectrode arrays for measurements with reduced noise. J. Electroanal. Chem. 656 (2011) 91 95)

14 InfiniLED new Tyndall HPSU Application Areas Medical Devices Patented Technology: The world s most energy efficient light source!! Diagnostics Security and Authenticity Fashion and Cosmetics Core Technology Micro-Displays Communications 15µm Full integrated plug and play devices: The COMPLETE SOLUTION for MINIATURE and ENERGY EFFICIENT light source modules.

15 In Vivo imaging X-Ray machines smaller, lighter, safer & cheaper Eliminating vacuum tubes from x-ray generation and bringing x-ray technology to ICU and Emergency Rooms Lightweight x-ray emitter employing the Microemitter Array X-rays (MAX) technology an x-ray source on a chip the same x-ray spectrum as traditional sources. Tyndall is developing a solid state x-ray emitter device using its combined MOS/MEMS & Compound Semiconductor Fabs Radius Diagnostics Ltd ('Radius') was the UK start-up winner of the Global Security Challenge (announced : 27 September 2011)

16 RADFETs RAD1 RADFET chip (0.5mm x 0.5mm) Sicel s OneDose: Dosimeter patch and reader Sicel s DVS: Implantable capsule RADFETs are p-channel MOSFETs optimised for radiation detection. Development started in late 1980s under ESA sponsorship. Foton-M2 spacecraft after Landing; Tyndall s BioRADFET module was flown as part of the payload. Co-operation with Sicel Technologies since 2003 on two FDA approved products for QA of radiotherapy: OneDose skin dosimeter DVS (Dose Verification System) implantable dosimeter aleksandar.jaksic@tyndall

17 THz at Tyndall THz gap between high frequency electronics and optics The advantages of the system include: Early detection of the onset of decay Earlier detection of enamel erosion Opportunity to reverse decaying process 3D terahertz imaging system for material characterization THz activities at Tyndall: SFI-EI funded: optical generated THz radiation ESA funded: solid-state Schottky diodes THz generation and detection are not trivial Applications in spectroscopy, medical imaging, and security.

18 ASSERT Application of Science to Simulation, Education, Research, and Training Centre PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKADE (Ref: Prof George Shorten)

19 SMART-NEEDLE To develop a SMART needle which will complement and potentially improve the safety of USgPNB by providing the user (clinician) impedance data thereby aiding the identification of tissue type at the needle tip. Ultrasonographic Appearance of a Peripheral Nerve Key Questions are: Can nano/micro structured impedance sensors embedded on a peripheral nerve block needle identify the tissue type they contact during USgPNB? Can nano/micro structured impedance sensors embedded on a peripheral nerve block needle reliably identify (and discriminate between) the Epineurium and Intraneural Space? eric.moore@tyndall.ie

20 The anterior and posterior thighs of one hind quarter were dissected to reveal the musculature, blood vessels, nerves and bone structures. Impedance Measurements on Freshly Slaughtered Lamb Carcass NAP 327 Impedance measurements using the macro needle sensors were capable of distinguishing between the fat, muscle and nerve tissue types.

21 Current Work The needle tip position relative to the target nerve is crucial to the safe but effective practice of USgPNB. Create a needle that will be able to differentiate tissue type and help doctors/surgeons to understand the position of the needle in real-time in order to avoid damage to the patients nerves Illustration of nano/micro structured impedance sensors fabricated on the tip of a PNB needle. SEM image of nanostructured impedance sensors fabricated in Tyndall on pyrex wafer substrate.

22 Computer-aided design of organic/inorganic interfaces Controlled NP functionalisation Nanotech-enabled drug delivery? P. Galvin, D. Thompson, K.B. Ryan et al. (2012) Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 69, 389 Formation of protein corona dictates biocompatibility and functionality of implanted biomaterials Understanding corona:cell interactions is challenging but becoming possible with advances in hardware/software, e.g., EU PRACE petaflop supercomputers

23 All Ireland Collaborations National Access Programme (CCAN, INSPIRE, NBIP, BDI.)