Project Title: Design Construction, Operation and,maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Karmalichak Patna Bihar under NGRBA

Transcription

1 Project Title: Design Construction, Operation and,maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Karmalichak Patna Bihar under NGRBA EIA Report, Karmalichak Sewerage System 10 th August 2015 Project Title: Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & Bid Documents; Tendering for Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Projects of Patna under NGRBA Karmali Chak Sewerage System i

2 0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION Patna the study area Project Settings Associated Implementing Agencies NGRBA State Level Authority Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd Bihar Urban Development Agency Scope of EIA Need for Environmental Impact Assessment Purpose and Objectives Structure of the Report DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS ALTERNATIVES About City Existing Sewerage System Detail of Sewerage generation in PMC Terrain Analysis Project influence area Karmali Chak Zone: Existing STPs Scenario of Karmali chak Zone Project Components Sewage Pumping Stations: Sewage Treatment Plant Construction of STP and Treatment Process Construction Methodology Construction Execution Placing and compaction of fill and Backfill Disposal of Surplus Material Dewatering of excess material Shoring in Patna City Bedding Trenchless Technology 27 Karmali Chak Sewerage System ii

3 2.9 Land Requirement Investment Cost Implementations schedule Financing Approach and Methodology Methodology Scoping & Terms of Reference Detail Methodology Data Collection and Review: Review of Existing Sewerage Infrastructure in PMC Area Stakeholders Consultation: Project site visit Field Investigation: Baseline Environment: Analysis of Alternatives: Assessment of Project Impacts: Environmental Management Plan: REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK Project Level Legal Framework National Law Key Environmental Laws and Regulations Safeguard policy Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBA ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE Introduction Project influence area Baseline Condition of Project Surrounding Area Topography Geology Soil 42 Karmali Chak Sewerage System iii

4 5.3.4 Soil Quality in project influence area Ambient Air Quality Mineral Resources Land use Seismicity METEOROLOGY Wind Speed and direction Cloud Cover Special Weather Phenomenon Relative Humidity Rainfall and Precipitation Overall Climate Water Quality: Noise Quality Natural Environment Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Protected Natural Habitats Wildlife Habitats Flora Fauna Mammals Reptiles Birds Fishes Other Visual resources Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora and fauna Social Environment ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & ALTERNATIVES Introduction Construction stage: Operation stage: Impact on ground and surface water Impact on Soil 62 a. Construction stage 62 b. Operation Phase Air quality Climate Noise 63 Karmali Chak Sewerage System iv

5 6.6.3 Odor Air Quality Impacts 65 a. Construction Phase 65 b. Operation phase Socio-Economic Impacts Social Economic Benefits of the Project 66 a. During construction Phase 66 b. During project Operational Phase Cultural heritage: Biological Impacts Flora: Fauna: The Impact of the No-Action to the Proposed Project ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Evaluation Methodology POTENTIAL Environment IMPACT Physical Environment Groundwater River water and Environment Soil Aesthetic and Landscape Effect Air Quality 70 a. Dust: 70 b. Noise: 71 c. Odor Biological Environment Loss of natural habitats Deterioration of flora and fauna Socio-Economic Environment Cultural Heritage and archaeological resources Employment Opportunities Public Health and Safety Land use planning Energy consumption Construction waste disposal 75 Karmali Chak Sewerage System v

6 7.8 Reuse of treated wastewater and sludge MITIGATION & MANAGEMENT PLAN Environmental management plan Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP Budget Social Management Plan Social Development Develop Monitoring Evaluation Mechanism CONCLUSIONS 105 Karmali Chak Sewerage System vi

7 Abbreviations ASP Activated Sludge Process AWS Augmented Water Supply BM Bench Mark BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BRJP Bihar Rajya Jal Parishad BSOR Bihar Schedule of Rates BSPCB Bihar State Pollution Control Board BUIDCo Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation CA Contract Agreement CDP City Development Plan CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization CS Cross Section DI Ductile Iron DPR Detailed Project Report DSR Delhi Schedule of Rates DWC Double Walled Corrugated Pipes (PE) ESMF Environmental & Social Management Framework FR Feasibility Report GAP Ganga Action Plan GI Galvanized Iron GL Ground level HDPE High Density Polyethylene pipes HFL High Flood Level IDF Intensity, Duration, Frequency IMD India Meteorological Department INR Indian Rupee IPS Intermediate Pumping Station LS Longitudinal Sections MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MoM Minutes of Meetings MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MPS Main Pumping Station MSL Mean Sea Level MSPL Meinhardt (Singapore) Pte Ltd NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority NH National Highway NMCG National Mission for Clean Ganga NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre O&M Operations and Maintenance PCC Plain Cement Concrete PHED Public Health Engineering Department PMC Patna Municipal Corporation pmc Project Management Consultancy PPR Preliminary Project Report RCC Reinforced Concrete Cement SBR Sequential Batch Reactor SH State Highway SOR Schedule of Rates SPS Sewage Pumping Station STP Sewage Treatment Plant TBM Temporary Bench Mark TOR Terms of Reference Karmali Chak Sewerage System vii

8 ULB WBS WSP YAP Urban Local Bodies Work breakdown structure Waste Stabilization Plant Yamuna Action Plan List of Units & Measured Used Crores Indian unit of measurement equivalent to 10,000,000 Lakhs Indian unit of measurement equivalent to 100,000 d Day l Litres Ha Hectare hr Hour k Kilo (1,000) kva Kilo volt amps l/p/d Litres per person per day M Mega (1,000,000) m Metre m 2 Square metre m 3 Cubic metre MIGD Million Imperial Gallons per Day min Minutes Ml/d Mega litres per day mm Millimetre Pa Pascal sec Second Karmali Chak Sewerage System viii

9 0.0 Introduction EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Government of India has given Ganga the status of a National River and has constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) on 20th February 2009, for the comprehensive management of the river. The main objective of the NGRBA is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for comprehensive planning and management. In regards to this initiative, under pollution abatement programme NGRBA proposes sewerage works for Karmali Chak Zone, Patna. This proposed project will cater to the zone VI of the planned zoning division for sewerage layout of the Patna city. The existing sewerage infrastructure which was planned & constructed during Ganga Action Plan II in 1994 has not only been outlived its life but many of the places/localities are unsewered. At most of the places, all households are discharging their sewage through open drains which ultimately find its way into the river Ganga. Moreover, there is also an urgent need to augment the capacity of existing sewage treatment plant to cater to the rate of population growth. As per the Environmental and Social Management Framework (NGRBA, 2011), the implementation of such river pollution mitigation projects under the NGRBP is anticipated to encounter a variety of environmental and social issues/problems. Therefore the study of environment and social impact assessment is required for analyzing the impacts of proposed project, and suggesting the management plans to handle any negative impacts. 0.1 Project Settings The project title is Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & Bid Documents; Tendering for Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Projects of Patna under NGRBA. This assignment is part of the Construction of STP and lying of sewer line in different part of Patna city and financed through a grant from World Bank. The preparation of Environmental and Social Assessment Report with Management Plan is the part of overall consultancy contract. 0.2 Associated Implementing Agencies (a) NGRBA The Central Government, by a notification dated , as set up National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)as an empowered planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for the Ganga river, in exercise of the powers conferred under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986. The Prime Minister is ex-officio Chairperson of the Authority, and it has as its members, the Union Ministers Concerned and the Chief Ministers of states through which Ganga flows, viz., Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, among others. The objective of the Authority is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic approach with the river basin as the unit of planning. The functions of the Authority include all measures necessary for planning and execution of programmes for abatement of pollution in the Ganga in keeping with sustainable development needs. (b) State Level Authority The Government of Bihar (GOB) through its Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD) has been implementing both these program in the state. In Bihar State, Patna & Bodh- Gaya cities had been identified as mission cities under JNNURM. Apart from these two mission cities, other Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar had been selected for providing Infrastructure facilities under UIDSSMT Programme. Page 1 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

10 (c) Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd BUIDCo is a Flagship company to implement and accelerate urban infrastructure projects in the State of Bihar. These projects include basic infrastructure amenities such as Solid Waste Management, Water Supply, Drainage Network and Sewerage & Sewage Treatment. Also, projects of urban beautification like River Front Development, Amusement Parks, Commercial works, Hotels etc. are also being developed by the BUIDCo.The preparation of a Comprehensive Master Plan of Sewerage Scheme and Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) is now taken over by the BUIDCo from PMC. (d) Bihar Urban Development Agency BUDA, working under Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD), is engaged in systematic planning, infrastructure development, and creation of civic amenities in urban and semi-urban areas in the State of Bihar. BUDA has also been designated as the State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) for implementation of JNNRUM & UIDSSMT program to work as a facilitator in effective implementation of the projects in the identified ULBs. These program are to be implemented through ULBs. 0.3 Scope of EIA The proposed sewerage project will be implemented under NGRBA and for that assistance has been sought from World Bank. According to screening study and as per NGRBA s framework the project falls under low impact category and hence Environmental clearance and EIA study is required. But keeping in view of volume of work and also as per World Bank s safeguard policy (OP: 4.01: Environment Assessment) an Environmental Assessment warned as the proposed development work envisages to have some impact (adverse or positive) to surrounding environment. (a) Environmental screening Check List Question Biosphere Reserve Details There is no Biosphere within 1 km of the project National Park Wildlife/Bird Sanctuary Game Reserve Tiger Reserve/Elephant Reserve World Heritage Sites Land Use Water Air There is no Biosphere within 1 km of the project There is no Wild Life Sanctuary within 1 km of the project No Game reserve within project vicinity No Tiger / Elephant reserve within 1 km of the project No World Heritage Sites is visible within 1 km of project vicinity No change as there is no land acquisition The project objective is pollution abatement of river water through interception and treatment of nalas falling into the river No negative impact (b) Outcome of Environmental Screening Page 2 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

11 1. No EIA Required The project falls under low impact category and will have overall positive benefits on the life and environment of the people 2. Regulatory Clearance Required No 0.4 Project Level Legal Framework The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has adopted an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and agreed with the World Bank to apply for its investment projects involving World Bank fund. This framework describes the policy, principles, and approach to be followed in minimizing and mitigating adverse social and economic impacts by the sub projects. The social management framework has four parts viz., (i) Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Framework; (ii) Indigenous Peoples Management Framework (IPMF); (iii) Gender Assessment and Development Framework (GAD); and (iv) Consultation framework. 0.5 National Law The GoI EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts. Environment Clearance requirement is not applicable for this subproject under EIA Notification 2006 as amended till date since the proposed project does not listed in schedule of said notification. Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the NGRBA, the present project of Sewerage work in Sewerage Phase -I in Patna City falls under low impact category since no significant issues arise from the land to be acquired for pumping stations in Zone -II, III, IVA,V & VI. In view of the above, these projects would require preparation of an Environmental and Social Assessment, as part of the DPR, and implementation of Generic Safeguard Management Plan (SMP), relevant to the project. Therefore, this package as per the guideline of NGRBA fall in "Low Impact" as there is no requirement of land for Intermediate Pumping stations and also land for STP is readily available. 0.6 Existing Sewerage Scenario The city has four sewage treatment plants located at Saidpur (45 MLD), Beur (35 MLD), Pahari (25 MLD) and Karmali Chak (4 MLD) although the quantum of sewage reaching the plants is lower than installed capacity. It can be clearly concluded that the majority of the city is uncovered by sewer network. Inhabitants living in area without sewer network have to rely on either decentralised collection system in form of inhouse septic tanks or on unhygienic open defecation practice. Page 3 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

12 Figure 0.1: Existing sewerage and drainage network in the city Karmali Chak sewerage zone is the eastern most part of Patna city. The topography of this zone steep towards south side and thus the natural gardient allows water to flow from most of the part to STP. It is having an area of 850 Ha with 198 lacs population for The existing sewage load and treatment capacity defers by MLD and thus directly getting into river Ganga. S.No STP Location Capacity Year of Operational Status (MLD) Commissioning 1 Karmali Chak 4 Does not operate continuous due to power problem Zone Area (Sq.Km) Ward Covered Existing capacity of STP, MLD Karmali Chak ,63,66,67,69,70,68, 71 & Proposed work/improvement and activities Construction of sewers and its appurtenances, sewage pumping stations and sewage treatment plant shall be carried out using mechanized construction tools and equipments to achieve maximum output. The entire proposed work/improvement and activities can be broadly divided into three sub heading i.e laying of sewer pipeline including construction of manhole, construction of sewage pumping station and construction of STP. 0.8 Proposed Treatment Technology After detailed alternative study of all available technologies and keeping in view of land availability SBR treatment technology has been finalized for the proposed project. 0.9 Design Period Page 4 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

13 Design of sewerage system and proposed STP is planned for design period of 30 years. Considering the design and construction period of 24 months, the ultimate year for commissioning of sewerage system / STP is therefore taken as year Correspondingly the intermediate phase as year 2032 and ultimate phase as year 2047 have been considered. The sewerage system would be planned and designed for flows generated up to year 2047 (ultimate phase) and STP would be designed in two phases Land Requirement As per the recommendations and "Siting Guideline for STPs, issued by GoB" for adopting SBR Technology for STPs, the land requirement for STP at Karmali Chak shall be as under: Zone Ultimate Flow (MLD) Land Requirement (@0.05 ha/mld) Ha Zone-VI STP) (Karmali Chak * *4.13 ha Land is already available with EA at existing Site (Karmali Chak) The existing land available at Karmali Chak STP is being proposed to be optimally utilized for catering sewage load of Zone -VI (Karmali Chak). After detailed study & feasibility analysis, it was found that retaining existing land would not only available most feasible option, but also it have techno economical advantage over other options Investment Cost Using the commutations of land cost, capital investment cost and annualized O&M cost for the selected options, a final ranking is presented below; Process technology Cost (Crores.) Capital and O&M cost for 5 years Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Environmental Baseline (a) Topography The project city Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. The town is situated at an altitude of m above mean sea level. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its confluence of rivers The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity. (b) Geology Patna district is a part of the Indo Gangetic alluvium. The district forming a part of the flood plains of the Ganga has a monotonously flat relief. Patna region is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary age. The quaternary sediments are deposited unconformable on the Archaean basement. (c) Soil Page 5 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

14 The Patna river basin area is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is slightly alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit. In general the Calcareous Alluvium has higher potential of binding of molecules than the newer alluvium or acidic alluvium and hence the chance of erosion in Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than acidic alluvium. (d) Mineral Resources The project influence area does not have any sources of minerals except sand being mined in Ganga and Sone River beds for construction. (e) Land use As the proposed project is located in capital city of Bihar state, the project influence entirely falls under urban periphery. As per the CDP for Patna City, Patna Urban Agglomeration (PUA) area comprises of sq.km., with most densely populated wards lying along the banks of Ganga river (300 to 900 persons per ha), whereas the wards along the southern and western sides have a lower population density of 100 to 300 persons per ha. The land in the PUA is predominantly used for residential purposes constituting 60.88% of the total area of this 91.7% is unplanned. About 52% of the commercial land use is predominant ribbon development along the major roads. The PUA is surrounded by three rivers namely: River Ganga in the Northern side, River Punpun in the Southern side and River Sone in the Western side, thus imposing a natural barrier for growth of PUA in these sides and hence leaving only the western side for expansion. (f) Seismicity According to GSHAP data, the state of Bihar lies in a region with moderate to low to high seismic hazard, though the project site lies in Low Hazard Zone. As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones III, IV & V. The project site is falling under Zone IV (as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002). (g) Meteorology Climatological (long-term) data is obtained from the closest Indian Meteorology Department (IMD) station or from any other nearby station which has been collecting meteorological data for more than ten years. It clearly indicates that May and June are the warmest months and December and January are the coolest months of the year having mean temperatures of 31.58±1.46 and 31.76±2.08 for May and June, respectively. It is also to be noted that June, July and August are the wettest months of the year following the warm season and November and December are the driest months with least or no rainfall. Wind activity is also very high during May and June, whereas in winter, especially in November and December wind activity is minimal (h) Wind Speed and direction The average wind speed recorded is 1.33 knots. The data of IMD shows the wind directions in project city are from NE during summer and SW during the winter. (i) Relative Humidity The relative humidity in project city is round 80 to 93 %. (j) Overall Climate The Ganga plains zone forms an excessive bowl of warm air, especially during day time. The mean maximum daily temperature even the coldest month (January) nowhere falls below 21 C. Hot season in the zone covers the period from April to June, May being the hottest month in the greater part of the area may Page 6 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

15 rises 40 C and above. The cold weather period extends from December to February, January being the coldest month when temperature falls below 10 C. In lower Ganga plain, the minimum temperature is somewhat higher being 11 C at Patna. The onset of monsoon normally occurs in early June in the Lower Bengal and by the end of July, the monsoon establishes itself over the entire Ganga Plain and results in heavy downpour and triggered off everywhere till the end of September. (k) Natural Environment Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora and fauna:- As the project area is entirely in urban periphery, common flora and fauna is observed presence of any vulnerable or protected flora/fauna is highly unlikely Water resources and water quality: During all phases, the project will have positive impacts on the water balance in the aquifer in the area as it will contribute significant amount of reusable water. Regarding groundwater quality, the untreated water will not percolate to project influence area so the quality will be improved. The treated water will be good for agricultural purposes Treated sewage sludge: The STP will produce great quantities of treated class sludge that will be suitable for agriculture. However, the treated sewage sludge has significant organic matter content and contains macronutrients and micronutrients essential for plant growth. It can also contain potential contaminants such as heavy metals, organic contaminants and pathogens Health and safety: There is the possibility of mosquito/flies breeding in the open ponds and channels of the STP, which can cause nuisance to the people during the summer months. Also possible accidents, drawings and injuries for residents and workers can be considered a significant negative impact. On the other hand, the establishment of a treatment of wastewater will minimize/eliminate the spread of water related diseases, prevent risks of contamination of the soil and groundwater and contribute in the preservation of the quality of the environment Socio-economic: The construction phase will have positive effects on employment. During the construction phase, services of local subcontractors will be used which will generate job opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in addition to professional services of engineers and others. The construction work will have positive economic effect through employment generation and use of local contractors for construction activities. The construction of the project will not involve any land acquisition so any negative impact on local socio-economic is unlikely Public Consultations Local people are being adequately consulted as part of the project preparation. Focused group discussions as well as informal discussion with local people as well as project implementation authorities were conducted at Page 7 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

16 different points of time as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment of the project. Most of the people have welcome the project and their views and suggestion are incorporated in the project and EMP. While in baseline status of social section, it brings out the status of demographic composition of the population, general land-use feature of the wards and also details of the social survey outcomes at various consultations held in different wards of the sewerage district. Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental or social impacts, but will have temporary impacts on water quality, air quality (impact on health), traffic blockages, safety hazards for pedestrians, possible damage to private property, possible interruption in commercial activity, and accidental breakage of other public infrastructure such as water pipes. Social assessment clearly defines that no issue of land acquisition and livelihood loss is foreseen in the project. Hence, no compensation provision is required. However, if any loss of livelihood would be noticed during implementation of this project, then the affected party will be compensated according to Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) guidelines set by the NGRBA. Moreover, some inconvenience caused to the local public has been reported along with the local mitigation plan which they are adopting to overcome any nuisance in the ongoing JNNURM project. One strong suggestion which was identified from consultations was execution of construction work within a scheduled time frame with provision of prior notice to residents, shop-owners. A public grievance mechanism (as prescribed by ESMF of NGRBA) is to be followed. There is a clear mention and highlighting if the social development issues and outcomes in this report. A section chalking out institutional mechanism, capacity building requirements and monitoring and evaluation mechanism is also present. Table 0.2: Impact and its mitigation measures: Phase Component Key temporary Impacts Key Mitigation Measures Environmental Construction Phase Environmental sensitive areas Air quality There are no environmental sensitive areas in the proposed project area. Further the small residential parks and road side trees, will not be affected, since the sewers are planned to be laid in the middle of the road and will not pass through these areas. Probable increase in the dust levels (RSPM and SPM), during the construction may temporary deteriorate the air quality, causing health problems of respiratory ailments, leading cause for eye, ear, nose and throat infections and related discomfort. Sprinkling of water at regular intervals to control dust especially places where soil is stockpiled and provision of top cover for vehicles involved in disposal of the excess soil material - Page 8 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

17 Phase Component Key temporary Impacts Key Mitigation Measures Noise levels Operation Phase Noise and air quality Social Increased noise levels due to construction activities like plying of construction vehicles, pumping machines, machinery such as cranes, riveting machines, hammering etc, may cause general disturbances to the human habitations like sleeplessness in case construction activity is extended into the night hours. Water resources Contamination of nearby water bodies via storm drains (during rainfall) by un-managed construction related material like suspended particles, pollutants like oil, grease, cement etc, There may also be temporary blockage of drains due to unmanaged material and construction debris Water environment No air and noise problem from sewer line as they will be laid underground. Improper handling and irregular maintenance of operating machines at STP may lead to increased noise and odour nuisance during operation activity causing disturbance to surrounding human habitation Water contamination and temporary flooding due to leakages/ overflows from the sewer lines may cause unhygienic condition Construction Livelihood No impact, as there will be no impact on livelihood of any permanent shop-owners, licensed kiosks Land acquisition No impact, as no fresh land is required for any construction Providing curtains or sound barriers (polysheets/ sheets) all around the construction site. Proper maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles Suggestion to ensure proper handling and disposing off construction wastes at identified refusal sites. Proper stock piling of excavated soil and not in any storm drains or any other areas where water would naturally accumulate causing flooding. Proper handling and regular maintenance of operating machines at STP including pumps, generators, air diffusers, etc. Regular monitoring of sewer line and STP. Suggestion to ensure appropriate repair work in less time period. But suggested if noticed during construction, then should be compensated according to ESMF - Page 9 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

18 Phase Component Key temporary Impacts Key Mitigation Measures Inconvenience to public Health issuesdue to dust, noise pollution There will be some minor inconveniences to the public due to construction like access to their premises, etc. During construction dust and noise generated, can cause nuisance to people especially elderly and children, but impact is very limited. Public notice to be circulated, construction should be completed in the given time, debris should be cleared in time Use of acoustics and water sprinkling These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans, which have been suggested as well, along with monitoring and evaluation of future projects. A lump-sum cost of probable environmental management plans, which were not a part of DPR was estimated to be approximately Rs crore which is about 0.25% of overall proposed project cost. However, keeping in view, the temporary disruptions and impacts, it was concluded that the larger environmental value of the project greatly outweighs them. The project is expected to benefit the Patna City, as the wastewater that currently flows untreated into the Ganga river will be captured, treated and the remainder of the treated effluent will be allowed to flow into the river. Page 10 Karmali Chak Sewerage System

19 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Patna the study area Patna is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar. It is the second largest city in eastern India, after Kolkata. The Municipal limits of PMC form part of Patna Urban Agglomeration Area (PUAA). The Patna Municipal Corporation boundaries cover an area of 100 sq km with the present population of lacs as per 2011 census, whereas the PUAA covers an area of sq km and has a population of lacs. The city is densely of populated and is fast developing as a commercial hub of Bihar. The city comprises of 72 wards with variant population growth as per amenities & infrastructure available. Geographically the city has a width of 9.5 km. on the western side which gradually reduces to 2.5 km on eastern side. The city is situated on southern banks of river Ganga and has extended linearly over a length of 25 km. The western periphery of PUA area is bounded by river Sone whereas on southern side 20 km away parallel to the city flows Punpun River and join river Ganga. The city forms part of Indo- Gangetic alluvial plains and has fertile soil. The region is flat permitting wide spread of flood waters. The soil permits fast percolation of rain water.however, since the ground water table in the region vary from 2-5 m bgl (below ground level) post monsoon and 5-10 m prior to monsoon, the absorptions of water in the soil gets reduced in the monsoon period. As per recent survey by World Bank, Patna is one of the fastest growing city in world in term of Infrastructural development. Some of the renowned Institutes of India like AIIMS, IIT have been setup to enhance the education system of the city and thus would attract people of outskirt to sustain good quality life. The fixed load is due to additional settlements in the city and floating load is due to various people visiting the city due to business, religious tourism, and other reasons. The already inadequate infrastructure is unable to bear the pressure of increased institutional and commercial activities. Figure 1.1: Coliform at different monitoring station in Patna Stretch of River Ganga 11 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

20 1.2 Project Settings The project title Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & Bid Documents; Tendering for Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Projects of Patna under NGRBA. This assignment is part of the Construction of STP and lying of sewer line in different part of Patna city and financed through a grant from World Bank. 1.3 Associated Implementing Agencies NGRBA The Central Government, by a notification dated , as set up National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)as an empowered planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for the Ganga river, in exercise of the powers conferred under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986. The Prime Minister is ex-officio Chairperson of the Authority, and it has as its members, the Union Ministers Concerned and the Chief Ministers of states through which Ganga flows, viz., Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, among others. The objective of the Authority is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic approach with the river basin as the unit of planning. The functions of the Authority includes all measures necessary for planning and execution of programmes for abatement of pollution in the Ganga in keeping with sustainable development needs State Level Authority The Government of Bihar (GOB) through its Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD) has been implementing both these program in the state. In Bihar State, Patna & Bodh- Gaya cities had been identified as mission cities under JNNURM. Apart from these two mission cities, other Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar had been selected for providing Infrastructure facilities under UIDSSMT Programme Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd BUIDCo is a Flagship company to implement and accelerate urban infrastructure projects in the State of Bihar. These projects include basic infrastructure amenities such as Solid Waste Management, Water Supply, Drainage Network and Sewerage & Sewage Treatment. Also, projects of urban beautification like River Front Development, Amusement Parks, Commercial works, Hotels etc. are also being developed by the BUIDCo. The preparation of a Comprehensive Master Plan of Sewerage Scheme and Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) is now taken over by the BUIDCo from PMC Bihar Urban Development Agency BUDA, working under Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD), is engaged in systematic planning, infrastructure development, and creation of civic amenities in urban and semi- urban areas in the State of Bihar. BUDA has also been designated as the State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) for implementation of JNNRUM & UIDSSMT program to work as a facilitator in effective implementation of the projects in the identified ULBs. These programs are to be implemented through ULBs. 1.4 Scope of EIA 12 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

21 The present report is the Environmental Impact Assessment Report and includes major results, conclusions and recommendations of the study s fourth task. The scope of the EIA will describe various components of the environment of the area(s) to be affected or created by the alternatives under consideration. Data and analyses in the EIA will be commensurate with significance of the impact. The EIA will include discussions of direct effects and their significance; indirect effects and their significance; possible conflicts between the proposed action and land use plans, polices and controls for the areas concerned, and conservation potential of alternatives and mitigation measures. At the same time, the EIA will include urban quality; historic and cultural resources and the design of the built environment, including the reuse and conservation potential of various alternatives and mitigation measures; and means to mitigate adverse environmental impacts. For each significant adverse impact, the section will identify proposed mitigation measure(s). The earlier study done of similar nature has been reviewed, and taking into account latest official statistics for population number and growth rates. The proposed sewerage project will be implemented under NGRBA and for that assistance has been sought from World Bank. According to screening study and as per NGRBA s framework the project falls under low impact category and hence Environmental clearance and EIA study is required. But keeping in view of volume of work and also as per World Bank s safeguard policy (OP: 4.01: Environment Assessment) an Environmental Assessment warned as the proposed development work envisages having some impact (adverse or positive) to surrounding environment. 1.5 Need for Environmental Impact Assessment Modern economic development strategies and programmes based on the use of natural resources and technology. Frequently, such activities involve purposeful changes and heavy burden on inherently complex environmental ecosystems. The changes, which consequently occur over time and space, are for the most part poorly understood and may often be unforeseen. During recent decades, public knowledge and concerns about the economy and the environment have changed significantly. It is now widely recognized that economic systems are inextricably linked to the environment and that human health and well-being depend on a healthy environment. EIA plays a central role in acquiring information on the social and environmental implications including water resources implications of development programmes and projects, identifying the measures necessary to protect the resource and related ecosystems and then ensuring that such measures are implemented. EIAs are concerned not only with impacts on the natural environment but also with effects on the social environment. Hence, the EIA touches the heart of the need for cross-sectoral integration involving project developers, water managers, decision-makers and the public, and provides a mechanism or tool to achieve the sustainable development aspect. 1.6 Purpose and Objectives This study is an assessment of the environmental impacts and benefits of the Sewerage & Sanitation Project and its ecological effects on the existing and the planned situation. The EIA study will be conducted in order to: Ensure that the project will not have irreversible negative impacts on the environment including: water, soil, air, ecology and socio-economic aspect, Identify both positive and negative impacts, Develop actions and measures to mitigate negative impacts, Make sure that all stakeholders concerned are aware of the project and their views and comments are taken into consideration to the maximum possible extent. The study should be considered as an aid to improve the decision making process as it seeks public opinion and external knowledge in order to ensure a maximum degree of fairness and balance in the final decision. 13 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

22 1.7 Structure of the Report This report deals with the Environment Assessment with Management Plan for the Sewerage works for karmalichak Zone, Patna. It rolls out the baseline status of the existing sewage situation and analyzes the situation if the proposed project is implemented, with its possible implications and to negate those implications management plan is advised which is as per the Environment and Social Management Framework. The present EIA report has been arranged in following chapters: Introduction This chapter describes briefly describes the project, Portfolios of Investments, the ESMF and need of EIA study Project Description: Project description is discussed pertaining to the proposed sewerage project karmalichak Zone of Patna City. This chapter provides insight into the various component of the proposed project and briefly discusses about the previous projects attempted for River Ganga in Patna. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework This Chapter captures the policy and legal framework of government of India as well the policies of World Bank that are applicable to the project. Description of Environment Description of the baseline environmental condition including the baseline conditions of river water quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, air, noise and soil quality are briefly described in this chapter. Analysis of Alternative This chapter describes the alternatives considered in the project towards improving the project. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures This chapter provides details of the potential impacts from the project on various environmental factors and mitigation measures proposed for the construction and operation stage Environmental Management Plan This chapter envisages the requirement of Environmental Management Plan including the monitoring and supervision framework for the implementation of EMP along with the budget for implementing EMP Conclusion and Recommendation This chapter provides the conclusion about the implementation of the project and provides necessary recommendations 2.0 Description of the Project and its Alternatives 14 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

23 2.1 About the City Patna city lies on the North latitude and East longitude. Patna is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second largest city in Eastern India (in terms of population). Patna is one of the oldest inhabitated & civilized places in the world. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and Suri dynasties. Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its confluence of rivers. The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity. The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. Patna is approximately 25 km long and 9 km to 10 km wide. The city has grown up gradually from the ancient age with the name Pataliputra. It is located between the river Ganges in the North, the river Pun Pun in the South and the river Sone in the west. The geographical location of the Patna Urban Area is on the southern bank of River Ganges between latitudes N & N and longitudes 85 0 E &85-15 E. It is the 14th most populous agglomeration in India and 168th in the world with a population of approximately 1.8 million. It is the second largest city in eastern India, after Kolkata. Today, all major industries have a base in Patna reflecting the growing importance of the city. There has been significant enhancement in GDP of Bihar in the last decade. The growth of economy, urbanization & population trends are indicators that city shall continue to develop rapidly in next two-three decades. It is also fast emerging as a hub of higher education with institutes of national repute being started in Patna. The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganga. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 25 km long and 9 km to 10 km wide. 2.2 Existing Sewerage System 15 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

24 The sewerage system in project city patna was first introduced in The existing system has been augmented several times. But, the existing system is too old to sustain even present population load. The gap of network in this zone forces public for disposing their waste water into open nallas through which it reaches to River Ganga through different outfalls/ nalah. The sewer lines are also very old and most of them due to siltation & encroachment are under utilization. Most of the sewer lines are encroached/ broken at various places and thus not recommended to retain/ rehabilitate into proposed network. The city has four sewage treatment plants located at Saidpur (45 MLD), Beur (35 MLD), Pahari (25 MLD) and Karmali Chak (4 MLD) although the quantum of sewage reaching the plants is lower than installed capacity. It can be clearly concluded that the majority of the city is uncovered by sewer network. Inhabitants living in area without sewer network have to rely on either decentralized collection system in form of in house septic tanks or on unhygienic open defecation practice. Figure 4.1 below depicts the existing sewerage Zone. Karmali Chak sewerage zone is the eastern most part of Patna city. The topography of this zone steep towards south side and thus the natural gradient allows water to flow from most of the part to STP. It is having an area of 850 Ha with 198 lacs population for The existing sewage load and treatment capacity defers by MLD and thus directly getting into river Ganga. Figure 2.1- Existing Sewerage Zone 16 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

25 Coverage Area of various zones is as tabulated below:- Zone Digha Zone Beur Zone Saidpur Zone Pahari Karmali Chak Zone Area, km Although sewerage systems were first started in Patna city during the year but its penetration at present still lags behind other Indian cities of comparable population and growth rates. The installed capacities of Sewage treatment plants is 109 MLD, but are receiving approximately 61 MLD of sewage, as the existing scheme requires renovation/ maintenance to run the STPs at their installed capacity. A ward wise summary of all the zones as per existing sewerage plan of PMC is tabulated below: 2.3 Detail of Sewerage generation in PMC Table-2.1 Details of Sewerage Generation in Patna City S.No STP Location Capacity Year of (MLD) Commissioning 1 Saidpur (2MLD), 1957 (2.55 MLD), 1964 (11.82), 1971 (11.82), 1999 (16.8) 2 Beur (15 MLD), 1988 (5MLD), 1993 (15 MLD) Operational Status Does not operate continuous due to power problem Does not operate continuous due to power problem 3 Pahari Does not operate continuous due to power problem 4 Karmali Chak 4 Does not operate continuous due to power problem Details of sewerage generation in Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) Table-2.2 Ward wise coverage of Sewerage Zone in patna Zone Area (Sq.Km) Ward Covered Existing capacity Digha ,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, Beur ,11,12,13,14,15, 35 16,17,18,19,29,30,31, 32,&33 Saidpur ,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,36,37,38,39,40, 45 41, 42,43,47,48, 49,50,51,52,53 & 54 Pahari ,35,44,45,46,53,55,6,57,58,59,60,61,6 25 3, 64 & 65 Karmalichak ,63,66,67,69,70,68, 71 & 72 4 o 17 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

26 2.4 Terrain Analysis Topography, terrain and geographical boundaries of PMC were studied to evaluate feasible options for catchment boundaries & disposal channel route. Some of the salient aspects of terrain analysis are as under: Karmali Chak zone is situated on east of patna and south of river Ganga The Delhi-Howrah railway line passes longitudinally through this zone. The zone have mild slope from North to South. Whereas, the HFL of river Ganga is 51.3 m [169 c (51.51m) 1975/1984 floods]. Zone is bifurcated from other part of Patna city by zonal boundary of zone -V on west, Ganga on north. It has the PMC boundary on western and southern side. Khanu nalla which is a prominent nalla flows in south of the zone and carries sewage load of Karmali Chak after treatment from STP. Map-2. 1: Terrain Analysis of Patna City by Satellite 2.5 Project influence area Karmali Chak Zone: The existing STP is located at Karmali Chak with 4.0 MLD (Oxidation Pond) and through open Nallas and around 6 km of main trunks, the sewage are conveyed to the existing STP. The terrain profile of the zone results in an economical sectioned sewer system with flow directed in southern direction. The boundaries are well defined with reference to the terrain of the city. East & south sides are bounded by PMC boundary while on north Ganga is the district boundary. While on west part, the boundary of Zone - V acts as boundary. The south side area of this catchment includes Bazar Samiti, Simli, Pani Tanki area, etc and on east side it has the area named Maurya Motor area, HP Godown Power supply station etc & Delhi- Howrah railway line divides this zone into two part longitudinally. The north part is bounded by river Ganga. 18 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

27 This zone is on the eastern side of the PMC area. This zone comprises of ward number 62, 63, 66, 67,69, 70, 68, 71 and 72 covering a total area of 7.53 Sq.Km (i.e around 7.6% of the total project area). Sewerage generated in this zone is treated in 4 MLD capacity anaerobic ponds and is finally disposed to Punpun River after treatment. At present Karmali Chak zone has an existing Oxidation Pond based STP capacity of 04 MLD located on border of ward 68 and ward 72 which is catering a load of 2.0 MLD with primary level of treatment. The ultimate population for Zone-VI is projected as 2.29 lacs, 3.44 lacs & 4.79 lacs for years 2017, 2032 & 2047 respectively. On the basis of population projections for immediate (year 2017), intermediate (year 2032) and ultimate (year 2047), sewage generation from this zone is calculated at, MLD, MLD and MLD respectively. 2.6 Existing STPs Scenario of Karmali chak Zone This zone is on the eastern side of the PMC area. This zone comprises of ward numbers 62, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70, 68, 71 and 72 cove areas). Sewage generated in this zone is treated in 4 MLD capacity anaerobic ponds located on border of ward 68 and ward 72 and is finally disposed to Punpun River after treatment. The existing STP was commissioned in GAP-II plan after Currently, the sewage of 2.0 MLD is reaching to STP due to lack of proper infrastructure and most of the sewage are directly gets discharged into open nallas through which finally outfalls into river Ganga. But, these treatment facilities are not fully operational as they are treating only 02 MLD of sewage as against designed capacity of around 04 MLD. Some of the reasons for lesser inflow are improper maintenance of the sewer network due to siltation, dumping of refuse, debris, damaged pipes & manholes etc; besides for want of repair & maintenance of STPs. Further the existing STPs serves very few households which have central sewerage system facilities available. The sewer network are essentially the sanitary sewers and do not carry sullage (waste water) in the sewage system. These facts indicate that besides the complete sullage, the existing drains are carrying bulk of sewage discharge also. It is noteworthy that at most of the places/ localities, all households are discharging their sewage/ sullage through open drains into the nallas. Discharge of sullage/ sewage into the drain causes septic condition resulting in foul odour and fly nuisance making the surrounding highly unhygienic. With the present population of 1.98 lacs which generates sewage discharge of MLD, open drains are acting as sewers during the dry weather flow. Whereas, in the monsoon, the same infrastructure is serving the dual purpose i.e. as sewers and drains, thus making the situation worst for the local public. 19 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

28 Figure 2.2, Layout of existing Karmali Chak STP Presently, the state by power capacity is grossly inadequate w.r.t. requirement and therefore all operations are wholly dependent on power support. Further there is acute scarcity of funds because of which negligible maintenance is being done. At large no of places in aeration tank there is spelling of concrete and wild vegetation ground in the cracks. Gas digesters are in a state of disuse as the sludge is not receiving the digesters. Mere fact that, at 4 MLD plant with Aerobic lagoon facilities which indicates the status & health of sewerage system. Photographs showing condition of Sewerage System of Karmali Chak Zone Screens at Inlet Chamber of Karmali Chak STP 20 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

29 Fishing Pond at Karmali Chak STP Anaerobic pond at Karmali Chak STP Photo 2.1 Photographs showing existing STP condition Zone Ward No. WardArea (Ha) Table- 2.3 Ward wise coverage and details of Karmali Chak Zone Contributor y Area (%) Considered Ward Area (Ha) Important Locality % Mangal Talab, Ranipur, post office % Jhaugan, Chaughara, Lodikatra % Post office, Kotgast, Gurhatta % Post Office % Mal Salami,Nangola,Begumpur, Chainpur, PTO, Karamali Chak % Police Station % Commercial Area, Dhaulpura, Shikarpur, Patna Ghat, Maruganj,Chimney % Nagla,Daldali BazaarJamunapur, % Simali, guru ka Bagh, KatraSharif Abdul Rahmanpur, Rakabganj, Bagh Jafar Khan Source: Detailed Project Report Area of zone-vi is about 8.50 sq. km. (i.e. 8.50% of project area). The design population of Zone - VI for 2047 is 4.79 lacs. On the basis of population projections the immediate (year 2017), intermediate (year 2027), intermediate (year 2032) and ultimate (year 2047) sewage generation from this zone is calculated at MLD, MLD, MLD and MLD respectively (refer table below 4.4). 21 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

30 Ward No Area (Ha) Table 2.4 Sewerage generation in Karmali Chak Zone Year 2017 Year 2027 Population Sewage Generation (MLD) Total Say 2.29 lacs 3.05 lacs 3.44 lacs 4.79 lacs The boundary map for Zone-VI with proposed location of Sewage Pumping Station and Sewage Treatment Plants is shown below: 2.7 Project Components: Map Karmali Chak Sewerage Zone and coverage The project has been divided into three sub-projects namely: a) Karmalichak STP of 37 mld; b) Sewerage network in Zone-VI A 37 mld STP has been proposed at karmalichak to cater the sewage load up to 2027 from Karmalichak sewerage. Typical components of STP considering SBR based technology will consists of following units (though this will be firmed up during detailed design stage): Fine screen channels Grit removal units Anoxic basins SBR basins 22 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

31 UV based disinfection Sludge sump and pump house Sludge thickner Thickened sludge sump and centrifugal feed pumps Sludge Dewatering system Air blower room Laboratory/ SCADA building Staff quarters This STP will meet the following desired sewerage quality: Table 2.5: STP s desired sewerage quality S.No Characteristics Unit Rang (Gram /cap / day) Typical Value 1 ph Colour -- Grey,light brown - 3 Odour -- Soapy Oily - 4 BOD5 ( mg/l) COD ( mg/l) of BOD of BOD5 6 Total Solids ( mg/l) Suspended Solid ( mg/l) Grease ( mg/l) Alkalinity ( mg/l) Chlorides ( mg/l) Total Nitrogen ( mg/l) Total phosphorus ( mg/l) Microorganisms coli forms, bacteria, virus etc) No/l The STP shall be designed in such a manner that sludge is fully digested and can be used as manure Sewage Pumping Stations: There is no existing pumping stations which are directly or indirectly contributing the sewage load in this Zone.For the design purpose, consultant at Feasibility Report stage had proposed 02 Nos. of PS to limit the depth upto 6.0 in general. But due to issues related with land acquisition, it was decided with consultation of client to minimize SPS at proposed/ new locations. Considering above point, the consultant has proposed to omit one SPS near Jalan High School (as proposed in Revised FR). The proposed location cannot be omitted so as to achieve best design and also to control depth of excavation which may prove worst during execution. The revised details of pumping station are tabulated in table below: Table 2.5 Details of Pumping station Zone Sub zone Sewerage Generation (MLD) Propose d SPS Capacit y (MLD) Location Proposed SPS of Proposed length of Rising main, (m) Remarks 23 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

32 VI A Behind Gauri Das Mandi MPS (Karmali Chak STP) 80 OMITTED - Proposed Sewage Treatment Plant: Besides the SPS proposed at two locations as shown in above section, a main pumping Station will be required at the STP with capacities as show above. To cater for the sewage treatment needs of the proposed zone a new STP is proposed of area 2.90 Ha at Karmali Chak (Existing 4.13 Ha) and location for the same is shown in Google Earth imagery below: Map 2.3 Google Map showing STP and its surroundings Construction of STP and Treatment Processes According to the Initial Detailed Design Study, the advantages and disadvantages of the suitable treatment processes are listed hereafter in table 4.6, allowing a comparison between them. A number of the described processes have been eliminated already at the stage of detailed design since they cannot meet the effluent requirements and only the remaining processes are compared. 24 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

33 Table 2.6 Different treatment technology analysis SL Treatment Process Advantage 1 SBR The process is reliable under condition that the plant is properly operated and maintained. Low footprint of the structures. 2 Activated Sludge 3 Bio-aerated filters Proven and reliable process Stable performances at variations in hydraulic load. Moderate cost for the base process Compact process, easy to cover. Low footprint of the structures Modular design makes easy to adapt the process to incoming loads and flows. Quick restarting, therefore suitable to seasonal variation in load. Modular construction and easy automation. Disadvantages Additional tertiary treatment required to meet effluent quality requirements. The batch mode operation can provide problems when there are changes in pollutants or hydraulic load Over-dimensioning of aeration system required. Delicate process set-up and operation Due to the mechanical and electric equipment in the plant and to the intensive treatment process, highly qualified staff is required for the operation. Additional tertiary treatment required to meet effluent quality requirements. Relatively high land requirements Long start-up of the biological process Additional tertiary treatment required to meet treatment requirements. High sludge production. High investment costs than for activated sludge (~30%). Need for primary sedimentation. Sludge production more important and more difficult to treat. 4 Membrane bioreactors Very high treatment Performances, also on fecal coli form. No tertiary treatment required. Low sludge production. Compact process, easy to cover. Modular construction and easy automation. Uncertainty regarding real membrane life length and related replacement cost. High energy demand (40 % higher than activated sludge). Need for regular membrane supply for replacement. Higher investment costs (50% higher activated sludge). High O&M costs The existing capacity of Karmali chak STP is 4 MLD which is proposed to be augmented for 58 MLD (Ultimate by the year 2047). The existing land parcel is so planned to be utilized that the load of Zone -VI would be cater by Karmali chak STP only. Design of sewerage system and proposed STP is planned for design period of 30 years. Considering the design and construction period of 24 months, the ultimate year for commissioning of sewerage system / STP is therefore taken as year Correspondingly the intermediate phase as year 2032 and ultimate phase as 25 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

34 year 2047 have been considered. The sewerage system would be planned and designed for flows generated up to year 2047 (ultimate phase) and STP would be designed in two phases. Intermediate phase: Design of STPs for flows up to year Ultimate phase: Module design for flows beyond year 2032 and up to year Construction Methodology: Construction Construction of sewers and its appurtenances, sewage pumping stations and sewage treatment plant shall be carried out using mechanized construction tools and equipment to achieve maximum output. Use of prefabricated material is encouraged to improve quality of works, simultaneously improving efficiency of construction schedule. Contract documents for the project are framed such that, it would be compulsory for the prospective bidders / contractors to present a detail write-up and oral presentation on the following aspects of construction. Methodology of Construction (Method Statement), Site Management, Construction Schedule, Environment & Traffic Management, Cash Flow Projections, Schedule of Deployment of Machinery & Equipments, Schedule of Labour Deployment, Deployment of Technical Staff with Qualification & Experience, Quality Assurance Programme, Time & Cost Saving devices, if any. Major Problems in planning during construction & execution of Scheme: Most part of Patna is denser (average PPH) Narrow internal roads which have been considered for sewerage planning would prove difficult during execution with conventional technique. High water table (generally 2-5 m throughout the city) Movement of traffic and provision of public convenience Obstructions during relocation of utilities & disturbance in other services Excavation Trenches shall be excavated to the specified depth below the barrel of the pipe. The excavation of trenches for pipelines shall be done mechanically using appropriate equipments. The proposed excavation at any one time shall be limited to such lengths, which does not cause inconvenience to surrounding inhabitants and road traffic. All excavations left unattended shall be adequately protected with approved fencing and barricades and with flashing lights where required. 26 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

35 2.8.3 Placing and Compaction of Fill and Backfill Handling, placing, spreading, compacting, wetting, trimming and quality control of fill material for compacted fill shall be as shown on the drawings or in accordance with the specifications. Fill shall be spread by manual / machine in successive horizontal layers of not more than 150 mm loose depth. Longitudinal or transverse joints in any two successive layers shall be staggered by a minimum distance of 3 m. Backfilling shall be done after successful hydro testing Disposal of Surplus Material The surplus excavated material shall be disposed off at locations proposed on drawings (at construction stage), in an environmental friendly manner. Storing excavated material, whether temporarily or permanently, shall be subject to prior approval. Where required, drains shall be constructed to prevent the undesirable accumulation of water in or around spoil dumps Dewatering of Excess Water During construction, ground and surface water shall be controlled to the extent that excavation and pipe installation can proceed in the specified manner and such that the trench bottom is not disturbed to the detriment of the pipe installation. Trench water shall not be permitted to enter the pipe being installed unless approval is received from the Engineer Shoring in Patna City The total length of sewer line to be laid in the city is 1350 km and the depth of sewers varies from 1m to 6m in general. It is implied that such extensive sewer networks would necessitate extensive excavations and restoration of the excavated works, besides restoration of roads. The sewer laying is slow, time consuming process, wherein the degree of difficulty increases with the larger depths. In Patna the problem gets further compounded due to high water table and narrow lanes. In general a trench depth upto 1.5m can be excavated without provision of shoring. However, for depth greater than 1.5m, the trench walls are to be secured with timber shoring to prevent collapsing of side walls. Incidentally the Bihar Schedule of Rates only provision for timber shoring and thus in the detailed estimation and costing, consultant has considered the timber shoring Bedding Granular bedding for pipes shall be placed by spreading and compacting granular bedding material over the complete width of the pipe trench. Where pipes are jointed, bell holes of ample dimensions shall be formed in the bedding to ensure that each pipe is uniformly supported throughout the length of its barrel and to enable the joint to be made and inspected during testing. After pipe laying additional material shall be placed and compacted by hand rammer in 150 mm layers equally on each side of the pipe. Pipes shall be laid on setting blocks only where a concrete bed or cradle is used Trenchless Technology Trenchless technology, as the name implies, stands for subsurface construction works where fewer trenches or no continuous trenches are required to be dug. It is a rapidly growing sector of the construction and civil engineering industry. It can be defined as "A family of methods, materials, and equipment capable of being used for the installation of new or replacement or rehabilitation of existing underground infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic, business, and other activities. The most important advantages of trenchless technology can be summarized as follows: Road damage is minimized, 27 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

36 Fast laying as no reinstatement of the surface is necessary No impact on residents and traffic in construction area No harmful impact on Environment or if have, very little No disruption of highway traffic thanks to little or no excavation No construction noise because these are no construction vehicles and construction activities as known with conventional open trench pipe-laying. 2.9 Land Requirement As per the recommendations and "Siting Guideline for STPs, issued by GoB" for adopting SBR Technology for STPs, the land requirement for STP at Karmali Chak shall be as under: Zone Ultimate Flow (MLD) Land Requirement Zone- STP) (Karmali Chak 58 ha/mld) 2.90* Ha *4.13 ha Land is already available with EA at existing Site (Karmali Chak ) The existing land available at Karmali Chak STP is being proposed to be optimally utilized for catering sewage load of Zone -VI (Karmali Chak). After detailed study & feasibility analysis, it was found that retaining existing land would not only available most feasible option, but also it has techno economical advantage over other options Investment Cost Using the commutations of land cost, capital investment cost and annualized O&M cost for the selected options, a final ranking is presented below; Process technology Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Cost (Crores.) Capital and O&M cost for 5 years Implementation Schedule It is anticipated that construction duration for the contractor is estimated to be 36 Months (including monsoon period) with O&M for next five years for proposed STP and sewerage system of Karmalichak village Patna. The operation and maintenance of proposed sewerage system is also considered for five years after commission of the system. The Implementation schedule is given in Figure P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

37 Zone V IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT IN PAHARI AREA, PATNA S. No.Task Name Duration (Months) Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q 1 Final Detailed Project report 1 2 Approval by NRCD Submission of Final prequalification Document (PQ) Notification and Submission of Prequalification by Bidders 1 5 Evaluation of Prequalification Documents Approval by NRCD Prequalification Recommendation Submission of Final Bid Documents to NRCD 2 9 Approval by NRCD 0.5 Issue and receipt of bids from 10 bidders (Not less than 6-8 weeks for ICB contract) 2 11 Technical Bid Evaluation and Recommendation Approval by NRCD Notification to PQ Bidders and opening of financial Bid Financial Bid Evaluation and Negotiation Approval by NRCD Award of Work/ Contract Construction, Testing and Commissioning of entire work Defect Liability Period Operation & Maintenance 60 Figure: 2.3- Implementation Schedule of Karmalichak, Patna 29 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

38 2.12 Financing Sr. No. A B 1 2 C 1 Detailed Project Report (DPR) of the project under National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) programme amounting to Rs crore for the renovation and augmentation of STP and Rs crore for the laying of sewer lines. The summary of cost of the proposed STP and sewerage work Pahari zone of Patna. Table 2.7: Abstract of Cost of Works Proposed STP Item Sewage Treatment Plant at Karmalichak Zone VI Construction of New Sewage Treatment Plants on SBR technology (37 MLD for 1.5Cr/ MLD Extra cost for disinfection through UV (7 5.5 MLD/ Module) Cost (INR Crores) Sub Total of A (Sr. 1 to 2) Charges Cost of Project 4% as per NGRBA Programme guidelines Cost of Project 4% as per NGRBA Programme guidelines Remarks At Existing available land (Most feasible & Technoeconomical option) 15 lacs/ Per module Sub Total of B (Sr. 1 to 2) 4.52 Cost of Work where charges will not be admissible Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Cost Communication and Public Outreach GAAP 0.07 Sub Total of C (Sr. 1 to 3) 1.04 D O&M Cost for STP Sub Total of D Total Cost (Rs. In Crores) During construction & Operation stage During construction & Operation stage Table 2.8: Project Cost for proposed sewerage system project (Zone- VI) Sr. No Item Sewerage system complete with laterals, collectors, interceptor and trunk sewers. Construction of 01 Nos. of New Pumping Rs 5.5 Crores per SPS Cost (INR Crores) Remarks Gravity sewers mm diameter of total length km Civil & EM cost for Proposed & Existing SPSs 30 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

39 Sr. No Item O&M for sewer lines & SPS incl other infrastructure with capacity building Total House Connections is Rs 3840 per holding Cost (INR Crores) Remarks % pa for 5 years Relocation of Utilities Cost for Trenchless Technology Sub Total (Sr. 1 to 06) Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Cost Public Outreach and Communication Cost inclusive GAAP 0.30 Total Adding Establishment and contingencies charges 8%# House Connections is person per holding (for 2017) For water line, electric & telephone line, electric poles etc For 10 km (cost analysis from INDs TT) During construction & Operation stage During construction & Operation stage Total Cost (Rs. In Crores) Say Rs Cr. 31 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

40 3.1 Methodology 3.0 Approach and Methodology As per Environmental and Social Management Frame work (NGRBA, 2011)1, and considering associated environmental and social impacts, an environmental and social assessment with corresponding management plans for the proposed project of sewerage works in sewerage district A of PATNA has been conducted using the following methodology: Secondary data analysis Field survey and stakeholder consultation Brief description & analysis of the sub project activities Discussion with host population and key stake-holders Detailed environmental profile of the project influence area Screening activity Identification and assessment of environmental/ social impacts Developing mitigation plan Figure: Flowchart describing the steps adopted for Project Impact Assessment a) Secondary Data analysis (Identify Information/Data Requirements and their Sources): All the available information and data (quantitative, qualitative) regarding the proposed project was collected mainly from the Detailed Project Report (DPR), consultation with stake-holders and other secondary sources including the water/air/noise monitoring reports of Bihar Pollution Board, Water Quality Management Plan of Ganga River Report of Patna, City Development Plan of Patna and many others. Through this secondary information a brief description and analysis of the sub-project activities along with baseline environmental profile of the project influence was established. Based on initial understanding, the list of required information was drafted before conducting the field survey. 1 For more details refer Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National Ganga River Basin Project, PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF. 32 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

41 b) Defining the project area and carrying out scoping in the field: Team undertook the field survey and transect walk of the sewerage district Patna area to develop the understanding of the proposed project (refer Plate 3.1, 3.2). GPS surveying of the study area was also conducted for mapping the social and environmental issue. Field visits helped to understand the local knowledge and were valuable in finding alternatives that help avoid or at least reduce the magnitude and severity of adverse impacts. c) Survey of the host population: With the help of questionnaires, local people were interviewed in groups. A wide range of potentially affected people were interviewed in Patna including street vendors, residents of households, residents of temporary settlements, shop keepers, hospital patients, hospital staff, etc. Both men and women were interviewed from different sections of the society. Team undertook three field visits to carry out the survey and understand the ground situation. The interviewees were asked about their awareness of the project, their response to it and if the project is affecting them (during construction phase) and how it will affect them (after completion phase). Also they were asked about the mitigation plans they have adopted or are In order to facilitate effective management and mitigation of the any impacts arising from the proposed projects, the Environmental and Social Management Framework of NRGBA (Section # 4 of ESMF report, NGRBA 2011) has grouped the pollution abatement projects/ investments into the following two categories high and low. High: Mainly include the sub-projects which are likely to have adverse impact on the environmental and social aspects of the project influence area (including land acquisition). This category projects will also include mandatory environmental clearance as per the EIA notification. Low: Projects which are likely to cause minimal or no adverse environmental impacts on human populations. Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the NGRBA, the present project of Sewerage work in Sewerage Phase -I in Patna City falls under low impact category since no significant issues arise from the land to be acquired for pumping stations in Zone -II, III, IVA, V & VI. In view of the above, these projects would require preparation of an Environmental and Social Assessment, as part of the DPR, and implementation of Generic Safeguard Management Plan (SMP), relevant to the project. Therefore, this package as per the guideline of NGRBA fall in "Low Impact" as there is no requirement of land for Intermediate Pumping stations and also land for STP is readily available. This type of projects does not require requires full scale EIA and but to mitigate and minimize the negative impact during implementation a comprehensive Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which entails mitigation measures, institutional setup, monitoring plan, and training are required. 3.2 Scoping & Terms of Reference The EIA study shall cover, but not limited to, the following: a. Review the preliminary Environmental Assessment (EA) study carried out in area of similar nature (if any) b. Provide comprehensive description of the project components including using maps at appropriate scales when necessary. c. Generate baseline data on relevant environmental characteristics of the project components area including description of physical environment, biological environment, and socio- economic and cultural constrains. It should include information on any changes anticipated before the commencement of the construction phase. d. Outline and examine the pertinent regulations and standards governing environmental quality, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas, protection of water resources and pollution 33 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

42 control, land use control and river water pollution control at the national and local level. e. Identify and determine the potential positive and negative impacts, direct and indirect impacts, and immediate and long-term impacts. Identify impacts that are unavoidable or irreversible. The assessment of the potential impacts shall include, but not limited to, pollution of ground water aquifer and river water, landscape impacts of excavations and construction, loss of nature features habitats and species by construction and operation, soil contamination impacts, odor substances, noise pollution, waste and sludge disposal, and socio-economic and cultural impacts. f. Prepare and develop management plan to mitigate the negative impacts, recommend feasible and cost effective measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable national level. g. Identify the institutional needs to implement the recommendations of the EIA. h. Prepare a detailed plan to monitor the implementation of the mitigation measures and the impacts of the project during the construction and operation of project. 3.3 Detail Methodology The following steps briefly describe the consultants' methodology that is used in conducting the required EIA: Data Collection and Review: All data relevant to the proposed project, project site, related previous studies and reports will be first collected, reviewed and analyzed. This task will involve, but not limited to, the following sources: Review of Existing Sewerage Infrastructure in PMC Area Various studies published by CPCB on Ganga Action Plan and sanitation condition of Patna City and Development Plan, & have been reviewed. EIA report prepared and submitted in July 2013 under project name Environmental Impact Assessment Study for proposed river front development of 20 Ghats along river Ganga in Patna was also referred while preparing EIA report of this project. Inputs received from Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) officials and Reconnaissance and Condition Assessment Survey by Consultant has also been taken in account Stakeholders Consultation: Stakeholders' consultation is an essential part of any EIA study. The main objective of such consultation is to ensure that all concerned stakeholders are aware of the project and their views and comments are taken into consideration Project site visit Detailed site visit with team of Social, Engineering and environmental expert has been made. During site visit informal consultation with community has also been made to aware them that such project is being implemented and also to know their opinion about the project Field Investigation: Field investigation and tests in general are needed to complete the missing data for the baseline environment. However, in this case since the project area entirely located in capital city Patna and there is National Air quality Monitoring Station and other data is also available, no primary monitoring has been carried out. For the purpose of baseline information of Air quality and Water Quality has been taken from Environmental Impact Assessment Study for proposed river front development of 20 Ghats along river Ganga in Patna, Bihar submitted to NGRBA in July Baseline Environment: 34 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

43 The baseline environment is used to set the reference to evaluate or predict the different impacts of the project activities. Data collection and field investigations are the main sources to establish the baseline environment. The baseline will include description of physical environment, biological environment, and socio-economic environment. Data regarding Air and water quality has been referred from Environmental Impact Assessment Study for proposed river front development of 20 Ghats along river Ganga in Patna, Bihar submitted to NGRBA in July Analysis of Alternatives: Alternatives to the proposed project and its components that have been evaluated in the planning and design phase will be further analyzed considering the environmental factors Assessment of Project Impacts: The impact of the project will be evaluated for planning, construction, and operation stages. Identification of impacts will include positive and negative impacts, direct and indirect impacts, and immediate and longterm impacts, unavoidable or irreversible impacts. Trans-boundary issues will also be considered in the assessments of some of the relevant factors including water quality and air quality. The assessment of the potential impacts shall include, but not limited to, pollution of ground water aquifer and river water, landscape impacts of excavations and construction, loss of nature features habitats and species by construction and operation, soil contamination impacts, odor substances, noise pollution, waste and sludge disposal, and socio-economic and cultural impacts Environmental Management Plan: The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the mean by which the adverse impacts are mitigated and their implementation is monitored. The EMP for this project should include the following main components: Mitigation plan to reduce or eliminate the negative impacts to acceptable levels; Monitoring plan for the important parameters; Institutional setup to assure the implementation of EIA recommendations; Capacity building and training needs. 35 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

44 4. REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 4.1 Project Level Legal Framework The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has adopted an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and agreed with the World Bank to apply for its investment projects involving World Bank fund. This framework describes the policy, principles, and approach to be followed in minimizing and mitigating adverse social and economic impacts by the sub projects. The social management framework has four parts viz., (i) Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Framework; (ii) Indigenous Peoples Management Framework (IPMF); (iii) Gender Assessment and Development Framework (GAD); and (iv) Consultation framework. The ESMF document is intended to help manage the social and environmental impacts through appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction and operation of various sub-projects of NGRBP. The framework identifies the level of safeguard due-diligence required for all categories of subprojects of NGRBP and provides specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies. 4.2 National Law The GoI EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorised as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts. Categories A projects require Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) Gov. of India. The proponent is required to provide preliminary details of the project in the Form-1 of a EIA Notification, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the MoEF prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA study, which are finalized within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, MoEF considers the recommendation of the EAC and provides the EC if appropriate. Category B projects require environmental clearance from the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State level EAC categorizes the project as either B1 (requiring EIA study) or B2 (no EIA study), and prepares TOR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, the SEIAA issues the EC based on the EAC recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category B will be treated as category A if it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected areas, notified areas or inter-state or international boundaries. Environment Clearance requirement is not applicable for this subproject under EIA Notification 2006 as amended till date since the proposed project does not listed in schedule of said notification. 36 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

45 4.3 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the projects under the NGRBP are given in Table-4.1. S. No Table-4.1 Applicable environmental law & regulation Act / Rules Purpose Applicable to project Yes/ No 1 Environment Protection Act Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 14th Sep-2006 Municipal Solid Wastes(Managemen t and Handling) Rules, 2000 Coastal Regulation Zone(CRZ) Notification 1991 (2002) The Land Acquisition Act 1894 (As amended in 1985 and 2013) The Forest (Conservation) Act To protect and improve overall environment To provide environmental clearance to new development activities following environmental impact assessment To manage the collection, transportation, segregation, treatment, and disposal of municipal solid wastes Protection of fragile coastal belt Set out rule for acquisition. of land by government To check deforestation by restricting conversion of forested areas into non- forested areas Yes No Reason for Applicability As all environmental Notifications, rules and schedules are issued under this act. As per schedule of EIA Notification Sewerage and sanitation project does not attract Environmental Clearance. No This notification is applicable only for Municipal Solid waste Treatment facility investments No No No If Project location is located along coastal belt This act will be not applicable as land acquisition of STP and its associated facilities are not required. Authority MoEF, Gol, DoE, State Gov. CPCB, SPCB Revenue Department State Government Applicable if there is Forest Department, diversion of forest land for State, Ministry non-forest activities of Environment and i.e. forest land if required for Forests, any of the investments. In Governmentof India this case the project entirely in urban/semi urban area does not attract it. 37 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

46 S. No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable to project Yes/ No Wild Life Protection To protect wildlife No Act 1972 through certain of National Parks and Sanctuaries Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Water Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act Public Liability and Insurance Act 1991 To control air pollution by controlling emission of air pollutants as per the prescribed standards. To control water pollution by controlling discharge of pollutants as per the prescribed standards The standards for noise for day and night have been promulgated by the MoEF for various land uses. Conservation of cultural and historical remains found in India Protection hazardous and accidents. form materials Reason for Applicability This act is will be applicable, if there are any points of wildlife crossing s in proximity to project locations Yes This act will be applicable during construction. As well as setting of STP, Consent to establish and consent to operate. Yes This act will be applicable during construction. As well as setting of STP, Consent to establish and consent to operate construction. Yes This act will be applicable for all Construction e q u i p m e n t deployed at worksite. Yes Yes Authority Chief Conservator Wildlife, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India SPCBs SPCBs SPCBs This act will be applicable, Archaeological only if any investment Department Gol, is in Indian Heritage proximity to any Ancient Society and Indian Monument, declared National Trust for protected under the act. Art and Culture Heritage (INTACH). Contractor need to stock SPCBs hazardous material like diesel, Bitumen, Emulsions etc. 38 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

47 S. Act / Rules Purpose Applicable Reason for No to project Yes/ No Applicability 14 Explosive Act 1984 Safe transportation, No For transporting and storage and use of storing diesel, Oil and explosive material lubricants etc. In this project it is not applicable as no blasting work is 15 Minor Mineral and concession Rules 16 Central Motor Vehicle Act National Forest Policy, 1988 For opening new quarry. To check vehicular air and noise pollution. To maintain ecological stability through preservation and restoration of biological diversity. 18 The Mining Act The mining act has been notified for safe and sound mining activity. No required. Regulate use of minor minerals like stone, soil, river sand etc. As the work is mainly of excavation and laying of Sewer line, no minor mineral listed in this act is required Yes This rule will be applicable to vehicles deployed for Construction activities and construction Machinery. Authority Chief Controller of Explosives District Collector Motor Vehicle Department No This policy will be Forest Department, applicable if any eco State Government sensitive feature exists and Ministry of in and around the Environment and investments Forests, Government of India Yes The construction activities Department of for investments will mining, State require aggregates. These Government will be procured through mining from approved quarries 4.4 Safeguard policy The World Bank s current policies often called safeguards were developed over the last 20 years to help identify, avoid, and minimize harms to people and the environment. These safeguards require borrowing governments to address certain environmental and social risks in order to receive Bank financing for development projects. Examples of such requirements include conducting an environmental and social impact assessment, consulting with affected communities about potential project impacts, and restoring the livelihoods of displaced people. World Bank safeguards are widely seen as an effective way to ensure that environmental and social concerns and community voices are represented in the design and implementation of our projects. 39 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

48 4.5 Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBA Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The construction agencies therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land, which include inter alia, the following: 1 Workmen's Compensation Act 1923 (the Act provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment); 2 Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years); 3 Employees PF and Miscellaneous Provision Act 1952 (the Act provides for monthly contributions by the employer plus workers); 4 Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 (the Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women employees in case of confinement or miscarriage, etc.); 5 Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (the Act provides for certain welfare measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour); 6 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (the employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum Wages fixed by the Government as per provisions of the Act); 7 Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (it lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers); 8 Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 (the Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female employees); 9 Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 (the Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a minimum of 83.3% of wages and maximum of 20% of wages); 10 Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (the Act lays down the machinery and procedure for resolution of industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and what are the requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment); 11 Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act; 1946 (the Act provides for laying down rules governing the conditions of employment); 12 Trade Unions Act, 1926 (the Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions of workers and employers. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given certain immunities from civil and criminal liabilities); 13 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (the Act prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labour is prohibited in Building and 40 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

49 Construction Industry); 14 Inter-State Migrant Workmen"s (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 (the inter-state migrant workers, in an establishment to which this Act becomes 15 applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, travelling expenses from home to the establishment and back, etc.); 16 The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 (all the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work and employs 10 or more workers are covered under this Act; the employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for Workers near the workplace, etc.); 17 The Factories Act, 1948 (the Act lays down the procedure for approval of plans before setting up a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours and rendering informationregarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated authorities); 18 Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (the Rules govern handling, movement and disposal of hazardous waste); Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rule 1989 amended till date. 41 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

50 5.0 Environmental Baseline 5.1 Introduction The baseline environmental and social status is important to understand the region's existing physical and biological characteristics along with cultural and social status of the residing community. Information and data presented in this section is based on field surveys, stake-holder interaction/consultation and secondary data collection which majorly include the draft Detailed Project Report (DPR) of proposed sewerage work, City Development Plan (CDP) report by Nagar Nigam, Water/ Air/ Noise quality monitoring report of CPCB and Bihar State Pollution Control Board, City census data and others. The information on the baseline environmental conditions forms the basis to analyse the probable impacts of the proposed project vis-à-vis the present background environmental quality of the core study area. 5.2 Project Influence Area In general 5 km from the project boundary has been considered as Project Influence Area. Within this project influence area the mostly consists of built up area which also includes some old and important buildings. Very few open space is there within the project influence area, the only prominent one is Gandhi maidan. There is no such natural sensitive area observed within the project influence area. However man made sensitive locations like Patna Medical College, Patna College, B.N. College, Patna Law College, temples along the ghats, some old buildings and few schools are observed. The figure showing general study area has been shown in the figure below. 5.3 Baseline Condition of Project Surrounding Area Topography The project city Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. The town is situated at an altitude of m above mean sea level. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its confluence of rivers The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity. 42 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

51 Other salient terrain aspects pertaining to planning & designing of the system of city are enumerated as under:- The linear bund constructed on northern periphery of the city prevents entry of river Ganga water into the city and hence, a major flood protection works. Similarly, the bund along river Punpun prevents the entry of flood waters into the city from eastern side particularly when the Ganga flows at high level & water backflows into Punpun River. Bulk of city is located between contour intervals of m whereas HFL of river Ganga is 51.3 m, thus the problem of inundation of city in monsoons. However, the Patliputra area located towards north-western part has levels of m and hence, does not have major problems of flooding. The city is further linearly bifurcated into northern & southern Patna by the railway line going west to east, right through the middle of the city. This railway line is on high embankment and acts as flood protection measure. The new Patna Bye-pass, south of railway line, which is under construction further provides additional flood protection measures to the Patna city Geology Geologically, Bihar represents the extreme northern front of Indian sub-continent. These include (i) the belt of Himalayan foothills in the northern fringe of Paschim Champaran (ii) the vast Ganga Plains, (iii) the Vindhyan (Kaimur) Plateau extending into Rohtas region, (iv) the sporadic and small Gondwana basin outliers in Banka district, (v) the Satpura Range extending into large part of the area North of Chotanagpur Plateau, (vi) the parts of Bihar Mica belt in Nawada, Jamui and Banka districts and (vii) the Granite Gneissic complex of Chotanagpur plateau. Nearly two third of Bihar is under cover of Ganga basin composed of alluvium and masks the nature of basement rocks. The project influence area falls in Ganga Basin hence geologically its earth crest comprises of alluminium. Patna district is a part of the Indo Gangetic alluvium. The district forming a part of the flood plains of the Ganga has a monotonously flat relief. Patna region is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary age. The quaternary sediments are deposited unconformable on the Archaean basement Soil The soils are basically an outcome of landform, climate, landuse, topography, time and parent material, which have been well considered during the pedological investigation. The role of soil as natural asset of ecosystem is viewed through three angles (i) supporting agriculture & forest (ii) Supporting engineering installation and (iii) Constituting the medium to regulate the storage and accumulation of subsurface water. The Ganga basin is characterized by a wide variety of soils. The soils of the high Himalayas in the north are subject to continued erosion and the Gangetic trough provides a huge receptacle into which thousands of meters of thick sediment layers are deposited to form a wide valley plain. Among the soil types within Ganga basin, the alluvial soil covers more than 52 per cent of the basin. The alluvial deposits of the basin not only cover the great Gangetic trough, but also extend over a sizable portion of the peninsular foreland in the form of a layer less than 3 metres thick. The entire alluvial formation is endowed with rich soil nutrients. The Patna river basin area is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is slightly alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit. In general the Calcareous Alluvium has higher potential of binding of molecules than the newer alluvium or acidic alluvium and hence the chance of erosion in Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than 43 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

52 acidic alluvium. Map-1 Physiographic Regions Soil Quality in project influence area In this report the soil quality data has been taken for reference from EIA report of River front development, patna submitted to NGBRA (RFD-I), which was monitored in September 2012 by approved lab. Table- 5.1 Soil Quality around project influence area of Patna Sr. No Parameter Unit Gulvi ghat Collectorate ghat T N Banerjee ghat 1 ph (1:5)26 o C 8.85(1:5)26 o C 7.8(1:5) 26 o C 2 Texture - Loamy sand Silt loam Loam 3 Sand % Silt % Clay % Bulk density g/cc WHC % OM % N mg/kg P mg/kg < Na mg/kg Na mg/kg Ca Mg/kg Mg Mg/kg EC µm/cm 68.8(1:5) 25⁰C 199(1:5) 25⁰C 112(1:5) 25⁰C Source: EIA Report of River front Development, Patna submitted to NGRBA The soil quality as observed shows alkaline content which supports the presence of Calcareous alluvium (as referred from secondary literature as well). 44 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

53 5.3.5 Ambient Air Quality In this report the water quality data has been taken for reference from EIA report of River front development, patna submitted to NGBRA, which was monitored in September Table 5.2 Ambient air quality in project influence area of Patna Location Monitoring PM10 PM2.5 (2.5) period (µg/m3) (µg/m3) SO2 (µg/m3) NO2 (µg/m3) Co (µg/m3) Collector ghat Sept Dr. T.N Sept Bnerjee ghat Gulvi Ghat Area Sept Limit as per CPCB Sampling and Analysis methodology IS:5182 (part-23) USEPA, CFR-40, Part-50, Appendix L Source: EIA report of River Front Development Patna submitted to NGRBA IS: 5182 (part-2) IS:5182 (Part-6) IS:5182: Part 10, 1999 Results & Analysis: The PM10 and PM2.5 level near the Collectorate Ghat is found in the higher range may be due to the market activities and associated dust generation. However, all the parameters of ambient air quality are found well within prescribed limit Mineral Resources The project influence area does not have any sources of minerals except sand being mined in Ganga and Sone River beds for construction Land use As the proposed project is located in capital city of Bihar state, the project influence entirely falls under urban periphery. As per the CDP for Patna City, Patna Urban Agglomeration (PUA) area comprises of sq.km., with most densely populated wards lying along the banks of Ganga river (300 to 900 persons per ha), whereas the wards along the southern and western sides have a lower population density of 100 to 300 persons per ha. The land in the PUA is predominantly used for residential purposes constituting 60.88% of the total area of this 91.7% is unplanned. About 52% of the commercial land use is predominant ribbon development along the major roads. The PUA is surrounded by three rivers namely: River Ganga in the Northern side, River Punpun in the Southern side and River Sone in the Western side, thus imposing a natural barrier for growth of PUA in these sides and hence leaving only the western side for expansion. 45 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

54 Figure 5.1 Land use pattern in PMC As shown above the Land allocated for transportation facilities is very low compared to the land allocated to the residential facilities, thus reflecting unsystematic growth of city Seismicity Figure- 5.2 Land use distribution of Patna urban area According to GSHAP data, the state of Bihar lies in a region with moderate to low to high seismic hazard, though the project site lies in Low Hazard Zone (refer Map5.1). As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones III, IV & V. The project site is falling under Zone IV (as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002). 46 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

55 Map 5.1, Sesmic zone of India and Bihar Sesmic Zone Map of India Sesmic Zone map of Bihar Figure- 5.3 Land use distribution of Patna urban area 47 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

56 5.3.9 METEOROLOGY Climatological (long-term) data is obtained from the closest Indian Meteorology Department (IMD) station or from any other nearby station which has been collecting meteorological data for more than ten years. The nearest meteorological data is available from Patna, the capital city of Bihar. Table shows monthly mean Temperature, Humidity, Visibility, Wind Speed and Precipitation near the project sites. The averages were drawn over last 5 years daily average data. It clearly indicates that May and June are the warmest months and December and January are the coolest months of the year having mean temperatures of 31.58±1.46 and 31.76±2.08 for May and June, respectively. It is also to be noted that June, July and August are the wettest months of the year following the warm season and November and December are the driest months with least or no rainfall. Wind activity is also very high during May and June, whereas in winter, especially in November and December wind activity is minimal. Figure 5.3 below presents the average wind rose plots for the year depicting the predominant wind directions during different months of the year. 48 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

57 Month Mean Temperature (deg C) Table 5.3 : Monthly mean data for different meteorological variables near the project site. Mean Precipitation Mean Dew Humidity (mm) Mean Visibility Km Mean Wind Speed (Km/h) Wind Direction Degrees Point ( o C) Mean Sea Level Pressure ( hpa) Jan 14.35± ± ± ± ± Feb 19.15± ± ± ± ± Mar 24.67± ± ± ± ± Apr 29.36± ± ± ± ± May 31.58± ± ± ± ± June 31.76± ± ± ± ± Jul 30.23± ± ± ± ± Aug 29.84± ± ± ± ± Sep 29.16± ± ± ± ± Oct 26.73± ± ± ± ± Nov 21.99± ± ± ± ± Dec 16.27± ± ± ± ± Source IMD, Patna Cloud Cover 49 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

58 Figure 5.4: Monthly mean plots of meteorological parameters and visibility Wind Speed and direction The average wind speed recorded is 1.33 knots. The data of IMD shows the wind directions in project city are from NE during summer and SW during the winter. 50 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

59 Avg. speed-1.33 Knots Calm Winds %. Start Date , 02: 00 Total Count 440Hr End Date , 23:00 Figure- 5.5 Land use distribution of Patna urban area 51 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

60 Cloud Cover The skies are generally moderately to heavily clouded and occasionally overcast during the monsoon season and for brief spells of a day or two in winter season due to passing western disturbances. The skies are mainly clear or lightly clouded during the rest of the year Special Weather Phenomenon The area is scarcely affected by monsoon depressions. May to September months are the period with the highest incidence of thunder storms and dust storms. Some thunder storms are dry but give rise to violent squalls while some of the thunder storms are accompanied with heavy rain and sometimes with hail storm. Thunder storms also occur in the winter months due to western disturbances. Dust storms and squall occur occasionally in May and June (Hot Season). Occasional fog occurs in the cold season and fog may persist sometimes for many days. Hail is relatively rare phenomenon Relative Humidity The relative humidity in project city is round 80 to 93 % Rainfall and Precipitation The weather in Patna is characterized by a distinct wet season during the period of south west monsoon (June to September). The air temperature starts falling with the onset of the monsoon from June onwards, making the weather more humid and equable. The diurnal range between the daily mean minimum and the daily mean maximum temperature reduces progressively as the monsoon advances. Eventually, the lowest diurnal range of temperature occurs at the peak of the monsoon, which is usually in August, though sometimes in July. As soon as the monsoon is over, the diurnal range of temperature starts increasing rapidly to a maximum attained during the month of November. The rainfall and temperature details in Patna are given in Table 5.4. Station and Year Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) Table 5.4 Rainfall in project area Water surplus Rainfall Mean Temp in 0 O C in wet expressed months in percentage Jul-Sept (mm) of annual Max Min rainfall from Jul-Sep (mm) Patna ( ) Source: - Indian Meteorological Department Overall Climate The Ganga plains zone forms an excessive bowl of warm air, especially during day time. The mean maximum daily temperature even the coldest month (January) nowhere falls below 21 C. Hot season in the zone covers the period from April to June, May being the hottest month in the greater part of the area may rises 40 C and above. The cold weather period extends from December to February, January being the coldest month when temperature falls below 10 C. In lower Ganga plain, the minimum temperature is somewhat higher being 11 C at Patna. The onset of monsoon normally occurs in early June in the Lower Bengal and by the end of July, the monsoon establishes itself over 52 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

61 the entire Ganga Plain and results in heavy downpour and triggered off everywhere till the end of September. Table 5.5: Climatological Normal of Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall at Patna Mont h Temperature (oc) Monthly total Humidity (%) Maximum Minimum rainfall mm 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs January February March April May June July August September October November December Source: Indian Metrological Department data from ) Water Quality: In this report the water quality data has been taken for reference from EIA report of River front development, Patna submitted to NGBRA, which was monitored in September Since the measurements were made during the monsoon/post monsoon having high discharge, the BOD load has been reduced to a great extent due to the concept dilution is the best solution to pollution. But, it also warrants that the serious measures are required to take as part of the city sanitation plan to minimize the disposal of direct discharge of raw sewage in Ganga. The analysis result has been given in below mentioned table 5.5. Table 5.6 Surface water quality of river Ganga Sl Param Unit Sample Location e ter Kali ghat Krishna Collectorat Gandhi Anta Gulvi 1 ph 7.52 at ghat 7.36 at ghat 7.31at ghat 7.65 at ghat 7.49 at ghat 7.45 at 28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C 2 TDS mg/l TSS mg/l TH mg/l Fe mg/l Cl mg/l F mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 8 Ca mg/l Mg mg/l SO4 mg/l < NO3 mg/l 3.2 < As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 < Zn mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 < DO mg/l BOD mg/l < COD mg/l P age Karmali Chak Sewerage System

62 17 Total Alkalinit 18 Total Colifor 19 m Faecal Coliform mg/l cfu/10 0ml cfu/10 0ml Source: EIA report of River Front development, Patna submitted to NGRBA Figure 5.6: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms Dissolved Oxygen Figure 5.7: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms BOD 54 P age Karmali Chak Sewerage System

63 Figure 5.8: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms Feacal Coliform Table-5. 7 : Ganga River Water Quality at Patna by Bihar state pollution Control Board Parameter Digha near Railway Gaighat (D/S) General standard for discharge on inland surface water as per CPCB Bridge (U/S) BOD(mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) DO T. Coli (MPN/100 ml) F. Coli(MPN/100 ml) Source: Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna Table 5.8: Punpun River Water Quality as conducted by Bihar State Pollution Control Board Parameter Railway Bridge (U/S) Fatua (D/S) General standard for discharge on inland surface water as per CPCB BOD(mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) DO T. Coli (MPN/100 ml) F. Coli(MPN/100 ml) Source: Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna Table 5.9: Analysis report on Physico-Chemical Examination of STP Karmalichak, Patna by BSPCB, Patna. Parameter Raw Effluent Final effluent General standard for discharge on inland after E.T.P surface water as per CPCB BOD(mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) P age Karmali Chak Sewerage System

64 Noise Level in Leq db (A) EIA for Design Construction, Operation and maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Karmalichak Patna Bihar under NGRBA T.D.S DO Nil 4.0 T. Coli (MPN/100 ml) F. Coli(MPN/100 ml) Source: Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna Noise Quality: The baseline environmental monitoring for noise quality was conducted through primary survey to at strategic locations considering various project components like construction of STP, SPS, lying of sewer line etc. The baseline noise levels helps in understanding the existing noise level so that necessary monitoring mechanism and safeguard measures can be formulated for the possible impacts from the project on noise quality during the construction and operation stages of the project. The existing baseline noise level is presented in table Locations Name Table -5.10: Noise Quality at Karmali chak, Patna Equivalent Noise Level Leq (db(a)) 6.0 am to 10.0 pm Equivalent Noise Level Leq (db(a)) 10.0 pm to 6.0 am Permissible Limit Leq (db(a)) Day Time Night Time Karmali chak STP site Jalan High School Gauri Das Ki Mnadi Patna City Chowraha, Ashok Source: Sampling, Monitoring & Analysis Dove by Noida Laboratory, Noida am to 10.0 pm 10.0 pm to 6.0 am Day Time Night Time Noise level data of different locations Permissible Limit Leq (db(a)) NOISE LEVEL DATA OF DIFFRENT LOCATIONS & IT'S PERMISSIBLE LIMIT Diffrent Locations Karmali chak STP site Jalan High School Gauri Das Ki Mnadi Patna City Chowraha, Ashok Rajpath Fig-5.9 Source: Sampling, Monitoring & Analysis Dove by Noida Laboratory, Noida The analysis of noise level indicate that the average noise levels of all above given locations are within the permissible limits. The average day and night Ambient Noise levels monitored by Govt. Approved Noida Testing Laboratory for residential, commercial, industrial and sensitive locations during the month of May P age Karmali Chak Sewerage System

65 5.4 Natural Environment The discussion and study of these social and environmental features enable to identify areas of concern in the entire study area. Consultants project site visit and available secondary information has been used to identify the area of concern Recorded Forest Area As per India State of Forest Report 2009, the recorded forest area of the state is 6, 47 km 2, which is 6.87% of the geographical area. Reserved forests constitute 10.70%, Protect Forest and unclasped Forest 0.02% of the total forest area Forest Cover The forest cover in the state, based on interpretation of satellite Data of Oct 2006-Feb 2007, is 6,804 KM 2, which is 7.23% of the state geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the state has 231 km2 vey dense forest 3,248 km2 moderately dense forest, and 3,325 Km2 open forest. The forest cover map is also being referred to visualize the scenario of the study area which is given below as Map. Since the project is located entirely in urban area, presence of forest and forest resources is almost NIL Protected Natural Habitats Map 5. 2, Forest distribution in Bihar The proximity to the ecological sensitive areas like Reserved Forest, wild life sanctuaries and National park are the most important criteria for screening Sewarage project. This is the most important parameter in the environmental screening process because of the biodiversity related issues. More over if impacted it requires many months /years of legal process to obtain clearance for environmental and forestry clearances. There is one National Park and 12 wildlife Sanctuaries covering an area of 0.32 million hectare, 57 P age Karmali Chak Sewerage System

66 which constitutes 3.38% of the total geographical area of the state Wildlife Habitats As mentioned above the state has 1 National Park and 12 Wildlife Sanctuary none of them is situated within 10 km of project or project influence area. As per primary discussion with Forest Department official and local community, no wildlife movement has been observed in past. It is worthy to mention that project city Patna is situated on the bank of river Ganga and flown very near to project city. Part of Ganga River approx. 50 km from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon in district of Bhagalpur has been declared as Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in 1991 which is only protected area for endangered Gangetic Dolphins in Asia. The Gangetic Dolphin is declared as National Aquatic Animal of India on 5th of October It is to be noted that the declared area of River Ganga is Far away from project/study area and does not attract wild life clearance or does not require permission from National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) Flora. The trees found in the project influence area are of Dhak (Butea monosperma), Aonla (Emblica officanalis), Arjun (Terminalia bellirica), Ashok (Polyalthia longifolia), Asna (Terminalia alata), Bahera (Terminalia bellirica), Bargad (Ficus bengalensis), Barhal (Artocarpus lakoocha), Bel (Aegla marmelos), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus terticornis), Gulhar (Ficus glomerata), Gul Mohar (Delonix regia), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Mango (Magnifera indica), Awala (Cassia auriculata), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Kaitha (Feronia limonia), Kathal (Artcarpus heterophyllus), Khair (Acacia indica), Mahua (madhulka indica), Litchi (Naphelim litchi), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Pipal (Ficus religiosa), Sagon (Tectona grandis), Silver Oak (Grevilea robusta), Kala siris (Albizia lebbek), Safed Siris (Albizia lebbek) and Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo). Grasses like Dub (Cynedon dectylon), Baib (Enlaliopsis bineta), Kans (Saccharum spontaneaum) and spear grass also found in the project influence area Fauna The study area has common variety of fauna Mammals The major wild animals found in the area are the Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Indian foxes (Vulpes bengalensis), Jackals (Cansis aureus), porcupines, monkeys (Nigicollis), wild cats (Felis chaus), hares (Lepus ruficandatus) and other domesticated animals Reptiles Lizards of all kinds abound from the large tree climbing animals called gosamp to the harmless house lizards; but snakes are not perhaps so abundant as in area. Thanatophidia, especially the cobra and karait (Bangarus caearulus) are continually met with. The other reptiles that are found in the area are Ghariyal (gavialis gengeticus), Indian Python (Python molurus) and SAL terrapin (Kachuga kachuga) Birds The common birds seen in the study area are grey partridge, smaller sand group, snipe and many 58 P age Karmali Chak Sewerage System

67 kinds of quail, the latter affording excellent shooting when the ripe rabi crops are on the ground or in the arhar fields close to waste land overgrown with scrub vegetation. Neither the black nor the painted partridge are seen in study area, but the small florican is occasionally found. Blue-rock pigeons are common. The green pigeon or bacial is found wherever there are Peepall trees. During the winter months the area are well stocked with the teal and various kinds of ducks, pochards, sheldrakes and goose. The gray goos and brahminy duck are however more common in the neighborhood of the Ganga and Sone River while the kuland is met with but is not abundant. The peacocks are also seen in the project influence area. The avifauna include the well known saras (crane), many kinds of herons and waders, and all the usual varieties of voves, parakeet, sparrows, shrikes, crows, rollers and other passerine birds Fishes The common fishes of the study area are as follows: Acanthocobitis botia, Ailia coila, Ailia punchata, Arius gagorides, Badis badis, Bagarius bagarius, Bagarius yarrelli, Barilius barna, Barilius sharca, Barilius tileo, Botia Dario, Botia lohachata, Chaca chaca, Chagunium chagunio, Chitala chitala, Coinus quadrufasiatus, Danio rerio, Erethistes pusillus, Eutropiichthys murius, Gagata cenia, Gagata gagata, Gagata sexualis, Gagata youssoufi, Gangra viridescens, Glyptothorax stocliczkae, Gonialosa chapra, Ilisha megaloptera, Johnius gangaticus, Lepidocephalus guntea, Mustus gulio, Nangra carcharhinoides, Nangra nangra, Otolithoides pama, Pristis microdon, Punitus guganio, Raiamas bola, Salmostoma bacaila, Tor tor, Sperata aor, Xenentodon cancila Other Visual resources Beside the above mentioned resources no other significant resources are identified during field survey or from available secondary data Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora and fauna As per discussion with different stalk holder including Forest Division officials, local community and consultant survey, no vulnerable, threatened or endanger species of flora and fauna has been identified along project road corridor. 5.5 Social Environment From Bihar s total area km² Patna district occupies an area of 3,202 km². Total Urban Population of Bihar is 1, 17, 58, in which males population are 62, 04,307 and females are 55, 53,709. Out of the total Patna population for 2011 census, percent lives in urban regions of district. As per 2011 census, total population of Patna urban is 25, 14,590 of which 1,683,200 lives within the municipality boundary. Total male population in Patna is 13, 32,487 which is approximately 53 % of total urban population. Sex ratio in Patna district as per Census 2011 is 887 whereas child sex ratio is 883. Child populations (0-6) in urban region were 3, 29,592 of which males and females were 1, 75,005 and 1, 54,587. This child population figure of Patna district is13.11 % of total urban population. Indicators Bihar Urban Patna Urban Male Female Male Female Population Sex ratio P age Karmali Chak Sewerage System

68 Literacy % 61.95% 85.75% 75.59% Population Density Average literacy rate in Bihar is 76.86% which males and females are 82.56% and 61.95%. In Patna district as per census 2011 literacy rate is % of which males and females are % and % literates respectively. In actual number people are literate in urban region of which males and females are and respectively. Average literacy rate in Patna district as per census 2011 is % of which males and females are % and % literates respectively. In actual number 1,810,338 people are literate in urban region of which males and females are 1,008,475 and 801,863 respectively. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Patna one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Agricultural products include: Paddy, Maize, Pulses and Wheat and also oil seeds. Roughly one third of the area sown is under rice (paddy). Cash crops such as vegetables and water-melons are also grown in Diara belt. Major industries include leather, handicrafts, and agro processing. Though the human development indicators i.e., literacy, sex ratio, etc. have improved over past decade however income and poverty profile has not changed much due to natural resource degradation and natural calamities. 60 P age Karmali Chak Sewerage System

69 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & ALTERNATIVES 6.1 Introduction The first attempt to assess the environmental impacts was done within the "Preliminary Environmental Assessment". The potential environmental impacts is prepared using the baseline data survey which conducted for this study, following the general recommendations for elaboration of the environmental impacts, using updated information and large amount of new data and taking into consideration all media and their interaction. In the feasibility study, Detail Report, and the previous NGRBA study reports the site selection and the treatment process of existing STP was done. Different treatment alternatives were considered for possible use at Karmali Chak STP. They were: Activated Sludge Process, Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Bio Aerated filters, Membrane bio reactors, and Trickling Filters. This alternative treatment study was recently prepared by DPR Consultants as part of the initial detailed design Report. It was proposed to apply Sequencing Batch Reactor treatment process for the Karmali Chak STP. The implementation of the proposed project is planned to be executed in two package i.e construction of STP, and lying of pipe line. Due to that the current study will focus on the impact assessment of the implementation of the both package of project and technology compared with the case of no implementation of the project. In order to assess in more details possible impacts during construction, operation phase and post operation phase. Following stages and activities have been taken in consideration: 6.2 Construction stage: The following activities are planned in the construction phase: Laying of trunk sewer Construction of manholes; Preparatory works at the location of the STP at Karmali Chak and excavation works; Transport and disposal of surplus excavated material; Construction of the structures at STP site (civil works, use of heavy machinery and vehicles); Disposal of construction waste; Installation of the equipment; Construction of accommodation facilities for the workers (water supply, sewerage, waste disposal). The following actions are expected: Excavation Leveling Concrete work Electromechanical work 6.3 Operation stage: In this phase, the following activities are planned: Treatment technology/ operation of the equipment for sewerage treatment and effluent production; Operation of equipment for sludge production and treatment (digester, drying beds and biogas production); 61 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System

70 Sludge disposal on temporary storage at STP site. Effluent recharge The following actions will be carried out: Removal and Disposal of grit and Floating material Biological Unit operation Effluent discharge to infiltration basin Emergency discharge to river/drain Sludge removal and treatment When identifying the potential impacts of a new project, the environmental impacts expected need to be measured against the existing baseline conditions. Also, impacts may be beneficial, and occasionally both where opposing interests or viewpoints exist. The consultant identified possible and expected impacts of the different project activities and action in the constriction and operational phases. The EIA team assesses short- and long-term impacts, including both direct and indirect impacts. In general, relatively limited adverse impact can be created in different project phases. However, building of Karmali Chak STP will have a positive environmental impact Patna City life. It is expected to produce a long-term improvement in public health of the citizens of Patna as to significantly reduce a source of chronic water pollution of a valuable scarce groundwater resource. Specific impacts that are anticipated or forecasted are discussed in detail in this chapter. 6.4 Impact on ground and surface water The impact on ground is expected to be positive. The treated water can be used for irrigation purpose in nearby agricultural area, which can be consider as recovery wells and the ground water level will improved slightly. The immediate and one of the most beneficial impacts of the proposed treatment plant s construction will be the cessation of the discharge of untreated or partially treated waste water to the holly River Ganga and also Punpun river. As result, local environment conditions will be improved which can be expected to benefit to both the local population and to downstream users Construction and operation of the proposed treatment plant will make significant reductions in the existing nutrient loads from the untreated/partially treated wastewater discharge. Also, total and fecal coli forms counts will be reduced significantly. This will have a positive impact on bathing water quality and aquatic life including fisheries. Existing STP of Karmalichak On the other hand, operational difficulties may be experienced at plant start-up or during Periods when equipment malfunctions. The effluent discharged under these emergency conditions would still 62 P a g e Karmali Chak Sewerage System