The euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera in the coastal upwelling zone off the Oregon Coast, USA
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1 The euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera in the coastal upwelling zone off the Oregon Coast, USA Euphausia pacifica Thysanoessa spinifera C. Tracy Shaw, Leah R. Feinberg, Jennifer Fisher, and William T. Peterson
2 The euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera in the coastal upwelling zone off the Oregon Coast, USA The Euphausiids vs The Warm Blob Euphausia pacifica Thysanoessa spinifera C. Tracy Shaw, Leah R. Feinberg, Jennifer Fisher, and William T. Peterson
3 Target Species Euphausia pacifica Generally found at and beyond the shelf break (>200 m depth) Intense period of spawning during summer upwelling season Present in cool & warm ocean conditions Thysanoessa spinifera Generally found on the shelf (<200 m depth) Spawn before & during upwelling, no intense period Prefer cooler ocean conditions
4 4 6 N 4 5 N NH line 4 4 N 4 3 N 100m 50m m 50m 100m Astoria Tillamook Newport Coos Bay Canada USA 55 N 42 N 125 W 124 W W W Time series off Newport, OR (NH line) Sampled twice per month ; ~monthly 2014-present Night bongo net samples for adult euphausiids from present (15 years so far) Data for this presentation: , no (Jan-July) Station distance offshore & depth NH05 8 km, depth 60m NH10 16 km, depth 80m NH15 25 km, depth 90m NH20 32 km, depth 140m NH25 40 km, depth 296m
5 Ocean Temperature
6 SST Anomaly at NOAA Buoy Jan Aug (Tracy moves to RI) +5 (6h) 30-Sept 25m tow - no adults 100m tow lots Avoiding warm surface water? -2 buoy adrift, no data
7 El Niño Cold water on shelf Late upwelling Warm blob Spring transition (ST) Fall transition (FT) Cold water copepods (months) Upwelling PDO Year (months) phase 1998 El Niño Warm May 7-Oct Cool Apr 4-Nov Cool Apr 26-Sep Warm Apr 21-Aug Warm May 29-Sep Warm Apr 31-Oct Warm Apr 28-Sep Cool Apr 15-Sep Cool May 11-Oct Cool Jun 14-Sep Cool Apr 11-Sep Cool May 7-Oct Cool Apr 22-Aug Cool May 20-Sep Warm Apr 1-Oct 5.8 NA Warm 2015 comparison: Duration of upwelling similar to other years No biological transition (
8 Warm blob & euphausiids Will there be any euphausiids? Rare or new species of euphausiids? Many warm blob copepod species rare or never before seen in our study area Will euphausiid densities decrease? Will they be spawning? Will they be smaller in length? Change in biomass? Changes in cross-shelf distribution?
9 2015 SST & Krill Data 5 SST at Buoy (Stonewall Bank, Oregon) 4 Temperature anomaly (C) Jan 18-Feb Few -2 spawning Spawning E. pacifica E. pacifica Jan No adult euphausiids Buoy adrift no data 7-Apr Few spawning E. pacifica 26-Mar Few spawning E. pacifica 19-May Phyto bloom all E. pacifica spawning 26-July Thick doliolids, no adult euphausiids -4
10 E. pacifica adults 24 Avg TL (mm) Month Avg
11 E. pacifica adults Avg TL (mm) Avg Avg - PDO cool Avg - PDO warm Month
12 T. spinifera adults Avg TL (mm) adults = Ø (Jan-July) Month No adults 1998 or (Ø adults) Avg Monthly Length
13 Density & Species Composition (adults) E. pacifica density very low 1998 (El Niño) E. pacifica densities high , lower 2007-present; 2015 similar to 2013 T. spinifera densities low during warm PDO years, variable in cool years; no adults in 2015 T. inspinata is the only other species we see regularly; 2015 densities similar to other years E. pacifica N. difficilis T. inspinata T. spinifera
14 E. pacifica biomass avg biomass (mg C m-3) Adults Juveniles 0
15 E. pacifica biomass avg biomass (mg C m-3) Adults Juveniles 1998 & 2015: similar responses to strong warming events 0
16 T. spinifera biomass average biomass (mg C m-3) Adults Juveniles 2015 biomass -similar to 2004 and only year with no adults 0
17 Average biomass (mgc m-3) E. pacifica cross-shelf biomass cool vs. warm PDO PDO Cool PDO Warm 2015 Ep adult Ep juv Ep adult Ep juv (Jan-July) Ep adult Ep juv 0 NH05 NH10 NH15 NH20 NH25 (8 km) (16 km) (25 km) (32 km) (40 km) Cross-shelf pattern for similar for cool & warm PDO E. pacifica might even like a little warming Drastically lower biomass in 2015 suggests that they would not like a lot of warming
18 T. spinifera cross-shelf biomass cool vs. warm PDO Average biomass (mgc m-3) PDO cool PDO warm Ts adult Ts juv 2015 Jan-July Ts juv No adults means no spawning 0 (8 km) (16 km) (25 km) (32 km) (40 km) Biomass offshore essentially the same for cool and warm PDO 2015 similar offshore biomass, but only juveniles and only from one sample (July) Biomass inshore higher during cool conditions (max of 5 mgc m -3 = 5 large adults)
19 Warm blob answers? Euphausia pacifica Present? Spawning? Smaller lengths? Yes Lower density? Lower biomass? Cross-shelf? No E. pacifica biomass inshore, offshore biomass much lower than other years Thysanoessa spinifera Adults absent Jan-July Cross-shelf No biomass inshore where it is usually highest; offshore biomass similar to other years but juveniles only Rare or new species of euphausiids? No
20 Implications Euphausiids off the Oregon Coast are adapted to cooler ocean conditions E. pacifica does well with warm or cool PDO but not with more extreme temperatures; response to 2015 similar to 1998 T. spinifera adults completely absent during warm conditions in 2015, also absent during 1998 El Niño Potential effects of warming on spawning and abundance Spawning may be reduced in warm conditions due to fewer adults, smaller adults, lack of phytoplankton blooms, increase in gelatinous zooplankton Both species have a lifespan of about two years. Warm conditions lasting two or more years in a row could result in reduced euphausiid abundance (migration and reduced reproduction). Reduced euphausiid abundance may impact higher trophic levels, including commercial fish and seabirds How would we interpret data from 2015 if we didn t have this long-term time series data set for context?
21 Acknowledgements Research vessels:elakha, Wecoma, Atlantis, Frosti, Miller Freeman, McArthur II, New Horizon, Shimada Funding sources:noaa/nwfsc, ONR/NOPP, NSF/CoOP/COAST, NOAA-GLOBEC, NSF/CoOP/RISE, NOAA-SAIP My boss at the University of Rhode Island (Dr. Brad Seibel) for sending me to this meeting to talk about data that has nothing to do with my current job My former boss (Bill Peterson) just for being Bill
22 Euphausiid Live Work Protocol Protocols for Measuring Molting Rate and Egg Production of Live Euphausiids Courtesy of the Peterson Lab at Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon, USA Celebrating 10 years on the PICES website! ( ) Everything you always wanted to know about working with live euphausiids! Available on the PICES website! ( under the Projects heading Tracy Shaw 2030 S. Marine Science Dr. Newport, OR Leah Feinberg 2030 S. Marine Science Dr. Newport, OR Bill Peterson 2030 S. Marine Science Dr. Newport, OR
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