DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Transcription

1 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT For Doddaballapura Industrial Area 3 rd Phase at DodaballapuraTaluk, Bangalore Rural District, Karnataka Submitted to Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) Head Office Address: Karnataka State Pollution Control Board "Parisara Bhavan", #49,4th & 5th Floor, Church Street, Bangalore Project Proponent Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB) KIADB Office 14/3, 2nd Floor, R.P. Building, Nrupathunga Road, Bangalore Project Consultant M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Ltd MES Road, Muthyalanagar, Bangalore Ph: Fax: blr@abctechnolab.com Web:

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION PROFILE OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT PROJECT LOCATION NEED AND JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT REGULATORY FRAME WORK EIA CONSULTANT PURPOSE OF THE REPORT OBJECTIVE OF STUDY SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY APPROVED TOR FOR EIA STUDY BY MOEF PLAN OF ACTION REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION PROJECT BACKGROUND JUSTIFICATION FOR SELECTING PROPOSED PROJECT SITE EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT LOCATION & CONNECTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE SITE OCCUPANCY DETAILS WATER SUPPLY SEWAGE GENERATION SOLID WASTE GENERATION, COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL POWER DETAILS DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION SCOPE OF THE BASELINE STUDY i

3 3.3 TEMPERATURE WIND PATTERN AT THE PROPOSED SITE RAINFALL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITE EXISTINGLAND USE OF THE SITE WATER BODIES GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES HYDROGEOLOGY GROUND WATER QUALITY NATURAL HAZARD VULNERABILITY AIR ENVIRONMENT NOISE ENVIRONMENT WATER ENVIRONMENT SOIL ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY SOCIO- ECONOMIC PROFILE EXISTING STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN THE DISTRICT BANGALORE RURAL RESETTLEMENT AND RELOCATION ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPACTS ANALYSIS IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURESDURING CONSTUCTION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ii

4 5.3 SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ADDITIONAL STUDIES RISK ASSESSMENT HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Hazard Assessment and Evaluation DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP) HAZARDOUS CONTROL MEASURES RISK AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS TRAINING FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PROJECT BENEFITS SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IMPACT ON PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE BUDGETARY PROVISION ADDITIONAL CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY INTRODUCTION AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: FUNCTIONS: KIADB - As a Premier Industrial Area Developer SUMMARY & CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION iii

5 10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE SITE SITE CONNECTIVITY PROJECT SITE AREA WATER REQUIREMENT OF THE SITE WASTEWATER GENERATION SOLID WASTE GENERATION POWER REQUIREMENT BASELINE STUDY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM CONCLUSION DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED OUR SERVICES STUDY TEAM iv

6 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Project Details... 1 Table 2.1: The project land use details... 8 Table 2.2: Site Salient Features Table 2.3: Raw Water Quality Table 2.4: Treated Effluent Quality for Secondary Treatment Plant and Tertiary Treatment Table 2.5: Type of waste from Industrial Phase and Non Industrial Phase Table 2.6: Estimated Solid Waste Quantity from Avverahalli Industrial Area Table 3.1: Various Environmental Attributes Table 3.2: Frequency and Monitoring Methodology Table 3.3: Udupi District Weather Report for September, Table 3.4: Udupi District Weather Report for October, Table 3.5: Udupi District Weather Report for November, Table 3.6: Udupi District Weather Report for December, Table 3.7: Wind data (2013) Table 3.8: Rainfall data from 2008 to Table 3.9: The project land use details Table 3.10: List of water bodies located near to Project Site Table 3.11: Earthquakes in India Table 3.12: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Table 3.13: Techniques for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Table 3.14: Summary of Ambient Air Monitoring Table 3.15: Noise Monitoring Locations Table 3.16: Ambient Noise Levels Recorded in the Study Area db(a) Table 3.17: Ambient Noise Standards [db (A)] Table 3.18: Water Sampling Locations Table 3.19: Results for Ground water Analysis Table 3.20: Soil Sampling Locations Table 3.21: Soil Analysis Results Table 3.22: Standard Soil Classifications Table 3.23: Floristic Composition in the Study Area Table 3.24: Fauna Present in the Study Area Table 3.25: Socio Economic Status of the Study Area as per Census Table 3.26: Existing land status of industries in the Bangalore rural district Table 3.27: Industrial estates developed in the district Table 3.28: List of the units in & Nearby Area Table 4.1: Activity - Impact Identification Matrix Table 4.2: Emission Factors for Various Construction Equipment s Table 4.3: Pollutants Released From Light Duty Trucks Table 4.4: Construction Fugitive Dust Emission Factors Table 4.5: Construction Equipment Noise Emission Levels Table 4.6: Emission Limits for DG Sets Prescribed By CPCB Table 4.7: Calculation of the Size of the Collection Space and Storage Tank Table 4.8: Values of run-off coefficient Table 4.9: RWH Computation Table 5.1: Environmental Monitoring Schedule Table 6.1: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for Process and Storage Areas Table 6.2: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for the Whole Plant in General Table 6.3: First Aid for Burns Table 8.1: EMP &Environmental Management Cost Table 10.1: Site Salient Features Table 10.2: Details of the site connectivity Table 10.3: Land use Breakup of the proposed project Table 10.4: Estimated Solid Waste Quantity from Dodaballapura Industrial Area Table 10.5: Environmental Monitoring Program Table 11.1: Study Team v

7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Location of the Project... 2 Figure 2.1: Location of the Project site... 9 Figure 2.2: Connectivity to the site Figure 2.3: Road Connectivity Layouts Figure 2.4: Water Balance Flow Sheet Figure 2.5: Flow Diagram for Water Cycling in Industrial Area Figure 3.1: Satellite Imagery of the site (15 Km radius) Figure 3.2: Topo map 5,10 & 15 km radius showing the project location and nearest habitats Figure 3.3: Satellite Imagery showing the project location and Existing road connectivity Figure 3.4: LandUse/ Land Cover 5 & 10 km radius showing the project location & surrounding features Figure 3.5: Wind rose for the month of October Figure 3.6: Wind rose for the month of November Figure 3.7: Wind rose for the month of December Figure 3.8: Rainfall Data From Figure 3.9: Topo map 5, 10 & 15 km radius showing the project location and surrounding features Figure 3.10: water bodies near to Project Site Figure 3.11: Drainage and Hydrography Monitoring of Bangalore Rural District Figure 3.12: Drainage map of Project Site Figure 3.13: Hydrogeology Map of Bangalore Rural District Figure 3.14: Ground Water Quality of Bangalore Rural District Figure 3.15: Seismic Zonation Map of India Figure 3.16: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Figure 3.17: Graphical Representation of PM 10 & PM Figure 3.18: Graphical Representation of NO x & SO Figure 3.19: Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 3.20: Graphical Representation of Noise Levels Figure 3.21: Water Sampling Locations Figure 3.22: Soil Sampling Locations Figure 3.23: Texture Classification of Soil Samples Figure 3.24: Nutrient Content of Soil Samples Figure 3.25: Literacy Rate in the Arehalli Gudahalli village Figure 3.26: Distribution of Work force in the proposed Project Site Figure 4.1: Two Broad Areas of Rainwater Harvesting Figure 4.2: Rain Water Harvesting Pit Figure 8.1: Environmental Management Cell Figure 9.1: Organisation Chart Figure 10.1: water balance flow sheet vi

8 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE GIVEN BY STATE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY, KARNATAKA Ref: Lr. No KSEAC/MEETING/2013 dated Introduction 1. Executive summary of the project- giving a prima facie idea of the objectives of the proposal, use of resources, justification, etc. In addition, it should provide a compilation of EIA report including EMP and post-project monitoring plan in brief. Project description 2. Details of the industries, for which the estate is being planned and their proposed capacities of installation, if available. In the absence of complete details, indicate the type of industries and capacity being considered. 3. Land requirement for the project including the peripheral greenbelt inside the boundary. 4. Justification for selecting the proposed size of the IEs. 5. Details on strategy being followed for development of IE. 6. Layout map of estate indicating processing zones, admin area, roads, plots, green belt, common utilities area, etc., shall be shall be shown along with contour map. Landscape plan including open spaces may be described. 7. Classify the proposed industries based on their pollution potential to the extent possible i.e., A1 to A4 categories for air pollution and W1 to W4 categories for water pollution CPCB Guidance may be referred for classification. 8. Backward and forward linkages of the IEs (availability of input resources and markets for the products/by-products and anticipated benefits for the regional development). 9. Details of Infrastructure Development within the IE and in the region. Chapter-1 The land and the proof for land ownership consolidated document for entire area is enclosed as Annexure I and Please refer Chapter-1 for other details. Chapter-2 List of industries not available, only Orange and Green Category industries are allotting for this project. Please refer Table 2.1: The project land use details Please refer Content 2.2: JUSTIFICATION FOR SELECTING PROPOSED PROJECT SITE Layout map is enclosed as Annexure VI All the industries come under Orange & Green category. Present industries are not allotted by KIADB. Please refer chapter 2 vii

9 10. Details on known industrial activityspecific proposed processes, resource consumption and rejects assessment. 11. Details on estimated quantity of fuel required, fuel type, nature, source and transportation. 12. Details on estimated water balance taking into account conservation measures, reuse and recycling of treated effluents. 13. Individual and/or common facilities for waste collection, treatment, recycling and disposal (all effluent, emission and refuse including MSW, and hazardous wastes). 14. Commitment from the concerned authorities regarding availability of power, water and sewerage network. 15. Details of Solid Waste management including arrangements for hazardous waste management and e-waste. 16. Details on provisions made for safety in storage of materials, products and wastes. 17. Details on use of local building materials. The provision of fly ash Notification should be kept in view. 18. Detailed plan of treated water disposal, reuse and utilization/management. 19. In case of site leveling involving quarrying, details thereof. 20. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/ order passed by any Court of Law related to the environmental pollution and impacts in the last two years, if so, details thereof. Please refer Figure 2.7: Water balance flow sheet Please refer Content: 2.10: SOLID WASTE GENERATION, COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL Table 2.6: Estimated Solid Waste Quantity from Dodaballapura Industrial Area Please refer Content: 2.9: SEWAGE GENERATION 2.10: SOLID WASTE GENERATION, COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL 2.11: POWER DETAILS Please refer Content: 2.10: SOLID WASTE GENERATION, COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL Table 2.5: Type of waste from Industrial Phase and Non Industrial Phase Please refer chapter 2 Description of the environment Chapter The project study area for EIA studies shall be up to a distance of 10km from the boundary of the proposed IE. Please refer Figure 3.1: Satellite Imagery of the site (10 Km radius) viii

10 22. Location of the project site and nearest habitats with distances from the project site to be demarcated on a topo sheet (1:50,000 scale). 23. Land use based on satellite imagery including location specific sensitivities such as national parks/ wildlife sanctuary, villages, industries, etc. for the study area. Please refer Figure 3.2: Topo map 5 & 10 km radius showing the project location and nearest habitats Please refer Figure 3.4: LandUse/ Land Cover 5 & 10 km radius showing the project location & surrounding features Figure 3.10: water bodies near to Project Sit 24. Demography details of all villages falling Please refer Content within the study area. 3.19: SOCIO- ECONOMIC PROFILE 25. Topography details of the project area. Please refer Content 3.6 Topography of site Figure 3.5: Topo maps 5, 10 & 15 km radius showing the project location and surrounding features 26. Anticipated pollution loads from each of Please refer Chapter2 the known composition of industrial units. Cumulative waste water quantity and pollution loads, total solid/ hazardous waste generation etc. 27. Details of rainwater harvesting and how it will be used in the IE & outfall. 28. The baseline data to be collected from the study area w.r.t. different components of environment viz. air, noise, water, land, and biology and socioeconomic. Actual monitoring of baseline environmental components shall be strictly according to the parameters prescribed in the ToR after considering the proposed coverage of parameters by the proponent in draft ToR and shall commence after finalization of ToR by the competent Authority. 29. Identification of existing potential sources of pollution in the study area. 30. Present and projected population; present and proposed land use; planned development activities, issues relating to squatting and relocation, community structure, employment, distribution of income, goods and services; recreation; public health and safety; cultural peculiarities, aspirations and attitudes shall be explored in study. ix

11 31. Details regarding availability of social infrastructure and future projections, details of facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 32. Detailed study of the hydrological and geo-hydrological conditions of the project area including a contour plan indicating slopes and showing drainage pattern and outfall. 33. Information regarding surface hydrology and water regime and impact of the same, if any due to the project. 34. Examine soil characteristics, topography, and rainfall pattern and soil erosion. 35. Details on surface water quality of nearby water sources and other surface drains. 36. Details of ground water quality in and around the IE. 37. Examine water quality with reference to President Organic pollutants, if relevant. 38. Details on water quality for parameters such as ph, temperature ( C), Oil and grease*, Cyanide* (as CN), Ammoniacal nitrogen* (as N), Phenolic compounds* (as C6H5OH), Hexavalent Chromium*, Total chromium *,Copper*, Nickel*, Lead*, Arsenic*, Mercury*, Cadmium*, Selenium*, Fluoride*, Boron*, Radioactive Materials*, Alfa emitters*, Hc/ml*, Beta emitters*, Hc/ml*, etc. (*- As applicable). These parameters to be determined depend on the type of industries coming in industrial estates. 39. Details on existing ambient air quality and expected, stack and fugitive emissions for PM10, PM 2.5, SO 2 *, NO x *, O3, suspended particulates, VOC, Mercury, etc., and evaluation of the adequacy of the proposed pollution control devices to meet standards for point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (* - As applicable and these parameters to be determined depends on the type of industries coming in Please refer content: 3.13 AIR ENVIRONMENT x

12 industrial estates). 40. The air quality contours may be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any wind roses. 41. Mathematical modeling for calculating the dispersion of air pollutants and ground level concentration along with emissions from boilers. 42. Details on noise levels at sensitive/commercial receptors. 43. Site-specific meteorological data including mixing heights and secondary data for future predictions. 44. One season site-specific data excluding monsoon season. 45. Proposed baseline monitoring network for the consideration and approval of the Component Authority. 46. Fuel analysis to be provided (sulphur, ash content and mercury). Details of auxiliary fuel, if any including its quality, storage, etc., should also be given. 47. Examine entry/exit of the project including the crossings from the highway and provisions of service roads on the basis of traffic density studies and analysis. 48. Climatic conditions of the study area shall be monitored for hourly wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, ambient dry and wet bulb temperatures and precipitation. 49. Ecological status (terrestrial and aquatic) of the study area such as habitat type and quality, species, diversity, rarity, fragmentation, ecological linkage, age abundance, etc. Please refer content: 3.14 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Please refer Chapter 3 xi

13 50. If ecologically sensitive attributes fall within the study area, proponent shall describe the sensitivity (distance, area and significance) and propose the additional points based on significance for review and acceptance by the EAC/SEAC. Ecological sensitive attribute include: National parks Wild life sanctuaries Game reserve Tiger reserve/elephant reserve/turtle nesting ground Mangrove area Wetlands Reserved and protected forests, etc. Any other closed / protected area under the Wild Life (protection) Act, 1972, any other locally applicable. 51. If any incompatible land use attributes fall within the study area, proponent s hall describe the sensitivity (distance, area and significance) and propose the additional points based on significance for review and acceptance by the EAC/SEAC. Ecological sensitive attribute include: Public water supply areas from rivers/surface water bodies, from ground water Scenic areas/ tourism areas/hill resorts Religious places, pilgrim centers that attract over 10lakh pilgrims a year Protected tribal settlements (notified tribal areas where industrial activity is not permitted) Monuments of national significance, World Heritage Sites Cyclone, Tsunami prone areas (based on last 25 years); Airport areas Any other feature as specified by the State or local government and other features as locally applicable, including prime agricultural lands, xii

14 pastures migratory corridors, etc. 52. If the location falls in Valley, specific issues connected to the natural resources management shall be studied and presented. 53. If the location falls in CRZ area: A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL,HTL, CRZ area, location of the project and associate facilities w.r.t. CRZ, coastal features such as mangroves, if any. Provide the CRZ map in 1:10000 scale in general cases and in 1:5000 scales for specific observations. Proposed site for disposal of dredged material and environmental quality at the point of disposal/impact areas. Fisheries study should be done w.r.t. Benthos and Marine organic material and coastal fisheries. Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures 54. Anticipated generic environmental impacts due to this project which may be evaluated for significance and based on corresponding likely impacts VECs may be identified. Baseline studies may be conducted for all the concerned VECs and likely impacts will have to be assessed for their magnitude in order to identify mitigation measures. 55. While identifying the likely impacts, also include the following for analysis of significance and required mitigation measures: Impacts due to transportation of raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment. Impacts on surface water, soil, groundwater, drainage due to project activities Impacts due to air pollution Impacts due to odour pollution Impacts due to noise Impacts due to fugitive emissions Impact on health of workers due to Chapter-4 Please refer content: 4.2: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPACTS ANALYSIS 4.3: IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 4.4: IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE 4.5: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES DURING constructional PHASE 4.6: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE xiii

15 proposed project activities 56. Proposed odour control measures. 57. Examine in detail the proposed site with reference to possible impact of infrastructure covering water supply, pipelines, roads, storm water drainage, sewerage, power, temporary waste storage facilities, treated waste water disposal (land/sewer/surface water bodies), common facilities, etc. 58. Environmental condition scenarios shall be developed based on industrial activities and pollution potentials. 59. Details of traffic density vis-à-vis impact on the ambient air. 60. Cumulative impact on regional supportive capacity shall be studied in terms of population density, water supply, sewerage, storm water drainage, power supply, educational facilities, medical facilities, public transport, traffic, housing for EWS, and community facilities, etc. 61. Details on positive and negative impacts, direct and indirect impacts, induced impacts. 62. Project activities and impacts shall be represented in matrix form with separate matrices for pre and post mitigation scenarios. 63. Traffic management plan including parking and loading/unloading area may be described traffic survey should be carried out on week days and weekends and also analyze the anticipated traffic increase. 64. Odour mitigation plan may be described. Also make provision of green cover as a measure for mitigation of dust and noise and buffer between habitation and industry 65. Rain water harvesting proposals should be made with due safeguards for ground water quality. Maximize recycling of water and utilization of rain water. xiv

16 66. Temporary plans for the housing of construction labor within the site with all necessary infrastructure and facilities such as fuel for cooking, mobile toilets, mobile Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), safe drinking water, medical health care, crèche, etc. 67. Proposed measures for occupational safety and health of the workers. 68. Impact of the project on local infrastructure of the area such as road network and whether any additional infrastructure would need to be constructed and the agency responsible for the same with time frame. 69. Action plan for the green belt development species, width of plantations, planning schedule etc. within the boundary around the IE in accordance to CPCB published guidelines. 70. In case of likely impact from the proposed project on the surrounding reserve forests, plan for the conservation of wild fauna in consultation with the State Forest Department. 71. For identifying the mitigation measures, please refer Chapter III for source control and treatment. Besides typical mitigation measures which may also be. Analysis of alternative resources and technologies 72. Comparison of alternate sites considered and the reasons for selecting the proposed site. Conformity of the site with the prescribed guidelines in terms of CRZ, river, highways, railways, etc. 73. Evaluate alternative disposal modes of effluent and solid wastes, from the point of view of disposal points and associated impacts. 74. All kinds of resources both renewable and non-renewable shall be taken into account. 75. Details on improved technologies. Environmental monitoring program No new alternatives are required for this project No new alternatives are required for this project Chapter-5 xv

17 76. Monitoring programme for pollution control at source. 77. Monitoring pollutants at receiving environment for the appropriate notified parameter- air quality, groundwater, surface water, etc. during operational phase of the project. 78. Specific programme to monitor safety and health protection of workers. 79. Appropriate monitoring network has to be designed and proposed, to assess the possible residual impacts on VECs. 80. Details of in-house monitoring capabilities and the recognized agencies if proposed for conducting monitoring Additional studies 81. Details on risk assessment and damage control during different phases of the project and proposed safeguard measures. 82. Details on socio-economic development activities such as commercial property values, generation of Jobs, education, social conflicts, cultural status, accidents, etc. 83. Proposed plan to handle the socioeconomic influence on the local community. The plan should include quantitative dimension as far as possible. 84. Details on compensation package for the people affected by the project, considering the socio-economic status of the area, homestead oustees, land oustees and landless labourers. 85. Public hearing should be conducted as per the prescribed procedure. Points identified in the public hearing and commitment of the project proponent to the same. Detailed action plan addressing the issues raised, and the details of necessary allocation of funds. 86. The historical importance of the area shall also be examined on the study. While this analysis is being conducted, it is expected that an assessment of public perception of the proposed development Please refer Content: 5.2: OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 5.3: SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Table 5.1: Environmental Monitoring Schedule Chapter-6 Please refer Content 6.1: RISK ASSESSMENT 6.2: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 6.3: DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP) 6.4: HAZARDOUS CONTROL MEASURES 6.5: RISK AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN 6.4: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS TRAINING 6.5: FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Table 6.1: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for Process and Storage Areas Table 6.2: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for the Whole Plant in General Table 6.3: First Aid for Burn xvi

18 be conducted. 87. Describe the application of industrial ecology concept for planning of IEs. Explore possibility of utilizing waste of one unit as raw material for the other units. 88. Specific chemical emergency response and proposed rescue system. 89. Details on corporate social responsibility proposal. Environmental management plan 90. Administrative and technical organizational structure to ensure proposed post project monitoring programme for approved mitigation measures. 91. EMP devised to mitigate the adverse impacts of the project should be provided along with item wise cost of its implementation (capital and recurring costs). 92. Allocation of resources and responsibilities for plan implementation. 93. Details of the emergency preparedness plan and on-site and off-site disaster management plan. ADDITIONAL CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY 94. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. 95. Does the Environmental Policy prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into foals any infringement/ deviation/ violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. 96. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions? Details of this system may be given. Chapter-8 Please refer Content 8.2:ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL 8.3:EMP DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 8.4:ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE 8.5: BUDGETARY PROVISION Figure 8.1: Environmental Management Cell Table 8.1: EMP &Environmental Management Cost Chapter-9 Please refer Content 9.2: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 9.3: FUNCTIONS : 9.4: KIADB - AS A PREMIER INDUSTRIAL AREA DEVELOPER Figure 9.1: Organisation Chart xvii

19 97. Does the company have a system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism should be detailed in the EIA report. LIST OF ANNEXURES ANNEXURES Annexures I Annexures II Annexures III Annexures IV Annexures V Annexures VI Annexures VII DESCRIPTION Land Documents Approved TOR Estimated Project Cost Water NOC received from KIADB letter of STP, CETP and Solid Waste Management NOC received from KIADB Power NOC received from KIADB Layout Plan xviii

20 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) is a wholly owned infrastructure agency of Government of Karnataka, set up under Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Act of This Board functions as per statutory provisions, rules and regulations enacted there under. The Board comprises of senior government officers in their ex-officio capacities. KIADB holds pride in being the first government organisation in Karnataka to obtain ISO 9001 certification in the year The KIADB is following now ISO 9001:2000 module covering its functions of Land Acquisition, Development and Allotment functions in Doddaballapura Taluk and Bangalore Rural district. KIADB has so far developed 141 industrial areas in 28 districts of the State. KIADB has proposed to develop Doddaballapura Industrial Area 3 rd Phase, Doddaballapura Taluk, and Bangalore Rural District. Table 1.1: Project Details Sl. No Particular Details 1. Project Proponent Karnataka Industrial Area Development (KIADB) 2. Project Name Establishment of Doddaballapura Industrial Area 3 rd Phase 3. Project Location Doddaballapura Taluk, Bangalore Rural District. 4. Land Requirement Hectares ( acres) 5. Schedule & Category 7 (C)& B category 6. Total Cost of the project Rs Crores 1.2 PROJECT LOCATION The proposed project site is located at Doddabbalapur Taluk, Bangalore Rural District, Karnataka. The project location is shown in Figure 1.1. Page 1

21 INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1: Location of the Project Page 2

22 INTRODUCTION 1.3 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT The Doddaballapura area is probably the industrialized area in the State of Karnataka and as such there is not only influx of industries but also due to creation of new industries more workers and man power have joined this places leading to a substantial increase in the population. The project will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local people. The plant will create additional employment during construction & operational phase. Additionally, certain works like security will be outsourced on contract. The secondary employment in the form of providing services to the employed manpower will also be developed in the neighboring villages. Raw materials can be sourced locally. Hence the cost for procurement is less Increase in Market & Business Establishment facilities The State Government will benefit through revenue recovery from excise duty. 1.4 REGULATORY FRAME WORK As per the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOEF), Government of India EIA Notification 2006 and as amended on December 1, 2009, prior environmental clearance if necessary before commissioning of the plant. The proposed project is covered under Schedule 7(c) Category 'B' as per the Schedule of EIA Notification and hence requires environmental clearance from MOEF. Public hearing shall be conducted for the project as per provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by the public shall be addressed in the EIA/EMP. More Applicable laws rules and acts: The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, (Amended 1988) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, (Amended 1991) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, (Amended 1987) The Environmental (Protection) Rules (Amended 2002) The Environmental (Protection) Act, The hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 Under E.P.A. Act, 1986 (Amended 2000; 2003 & 2008) E- Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011 Page 3

23 INTRODUCTION 1.5 EIA CONSULTANT The proponents have engaged M/s ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore to carry out EIA study. 1.6 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT Every anthropogenic activity has some impact on the environment that often has a harmful effect on the environment. However, mankind as it is developed today cannot live without taking up these activities for their food, security and other daily needs. Therefore, harmonious developmental activities with proper environmental consideration are essential for any developmental activity. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important tool and essential technique available with the planners by which information about the environmental effects of a project is clearly understood. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study undertaken is mainly focused on identification of environmental aspects of the project site, its impact on pre and post commissioning. A detailed prediction of all environmental impacts associated with the various activities during the construction and operation phases of the proposed plant and suggesting suitable measures to navigate the observed adverse environmental impacts. In other words, we can say that the purpose of an EIA is to determine the potential environmental, social and health effects of a proposed development. It is a systematic examination of the environmental consequences of projects, policies, plans and programs. Its main aim is to provide decision-makers with an account of the implications of alternative courses of action before a decision is made. The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF), Government of India in its latest Notification (dated 14th September, 2006) on EIA directs that on and from the date of publication of new Notification construction of new projects or activities or the expansion or modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the Schedule should undertake the EIA/EMP study before any construction work. The Schedule of this Notification has mentioned that activities like building / construction projects / area development projects / townships require Environmental Clearance from the State Level Authority. Page 4

24 INTRODUCTION 1.7 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The objectives of the study are: To establish the existing environmental settings of the project area based on information obtained from primary data and compilation of secondary data from published literature To evaluate potential environmental impacts from the project during construction and operational phases and identify appropriate mitigation measures To prepare an effective Environment Management Plan for proper implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures To develop post study monitoring programme 1.8 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY Preparation of relevant application in consultation with the client and Submission of Form 1, IA & Conceptual Plan to MOEF to obtain Terms of Reference; Presentation to the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) for approval of the Terms of Reference in connection with the application submitted; Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Studies for establishing the initial baseline data on environmental parameters like air, water, noise level, land use pattern, soil data, micrometeorological data, existing level of traffic and communication, biological and archaeological components of study area and socio economic data in the study region. The normal practice is to carry out the study for a period of one season except monsoon. (i.e., Three Months); Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report after Identification of areas of concern and measures of their possible impact for the proposed project &proposing appropriate Environmental Management & monitoring Plan; Submitting the final EIA Report by incorporating Terms of References in consultation with the client to the State Expert Appraisal Committee for Environmental Clearance; and Final presentation to SEAC and obtaining Environmental Clearance; Page 5

25 INTRODUCTION 1.9 APPROVED TOR FOR EIA STUDY BY MOEF The application for the scoping of the said project has been submitted to the SEAC & SEIAA Presentation for the scoping of the project (Terms of Reference (TOR) approval for EIA study) was held on 14/Feb/2013. SEAC has issued the TOR for the EIA study on 14/Mar/2013. Copy of the issued TOR has been annexed as Annexure II PLAN OF ACTION The following is the broad work plan of the consultant. Collection and collation of relevant data / information relating to the project from the concerned departments, agencies and identification of information gaps if any. Review and analysis of secondary data collected as above to delineate the baseline status of various environmental components and socio economic parameters. During the EIA study the applicable legal, policy and institutional frameworks will also be addressed. Additionally the environmental standards pertaining to air quality, water quality, noise emission and sewage/effluent discharge will be considered for selection of appropriate mitigation measures to maintain the assimilative capacity of environment. In a nutshell such standards will be used as a control mechanism to limit the possible impacts to environment. Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise and soil quality at different locations within 15 Km radius of the project site leading to the firming up of information on the identified issues / constraints and possible mitigation measures thereof. Discussions with various stake holders in the project to identify their views / concerns / expectations, their knowledge base with respect to the proposed project, their roles, etc. The outcome of such discussions would be complied and consolidated for incorporation in the report. Based on the assessment of impacts, proper mitigation measures shall be incorporated for the construction and operation phase of the project, along with Management plan, Monitoring plan and budget provisions for various Environmental aspects of the project. Page 6

26 INTRODUCTION 1.11 REPORT The environmental assessment report will be concise and limited to significant environmental issues. The main text will focus on findings, conclusions and recommended actions supported by summaries of the data collected and citations for any references used in interpreting those data. The environmental assessment report will be organized according to the outline below. Chapter 1:-INTRODUCTION Chapter 2:-PROJECT DESCRIPTION Chapter 3:-DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Chapter 4:-ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Chapter 5:- ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Chapter 6:- ADDITIONAL STUDIES Chapter 7:- PROJECT BENIFITS Chapter 8:-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Chapter 9:- ADDITIONALCORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY Chapter 10:- SUMMARY & CONCLUSION Chapter 11:- DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED Page 7

27 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND The proposed development of Doddaballapura Industrial Area 3rd Phase, Doddaballapura Taluk, Bangalore Rural District which is to be Hectares ( Acres). KIADB has also acquired lands to cater the specific needs of individual industrial units (Single Unit Complexes). Industries which are allotting come under orange & red category. Total Cost Balance Sheet of the project is enclosed in Annexure III and Project layout including survey numbers is enclosed in Annexure VII. The project land use details are given below in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: The project land use details S.No Description Acres Hectares % of Land Use 1 Industrial CA Utility Commercial Residential Park Area m buffer Truck Parking area Roads Total Area The proposed industrial area will include following infrastructure facilities: Industrial Plots STP & CETP Approach roads Power Sub-Stations Internal roads with storm water drains Solid Waste Incinerator Power supply and street lighting Rain Water Harvesting System Water supply network Public utilities Parking/Buffer zone area. Green Belt Development Housing complex Commercial Page 8

28 PROJECT DESCRIPTION This chapter includes all the details of the project and its specific activities that will be considered for investigation of the significant adverse impacts, the report also provides specific measures that shall be put into practice to minimize the impact on the environment. The site map showing the Project location is shown in Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1: Location of the Project site Page 9

29 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR SELECTING PROPOSED PROJECT SITE The Doddaballapura area is probably the industrialized area in the State of Karnataka and as such there is not only influx of industries but also due to creation of new industries more workers and man power have joined this places leading to a substantial increase in the population. The project will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local people. The plant will create additional employment during construction & operational phase. Additionally, certain works like security will be outsourced on contract. The secondary employment in the form of providing services to the employed manpower will also be developed in the neighboring villages. Raw materials can be sourced locally. Hence the cost for procurement is less Increase in Market & Business Establishment facilities The State Government will benefit through revenue recovery from excise duty. 2.3 EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN The district has hectares of forests, which constitutes (13.88%) of the total geographical area of the district ( ha). The fallow land in the district is around ha. Net area sown during the year is was around ha. And 8163 hectares of land was sown more than once. 2.4 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE a) Infrastructure Industrial Areas in 6 places and 2 Industrial Estates in the district. In addition KIADB has proposed to establish in an Industrial Area and Industrial Estate are proposed in the district. Suvarna Karnataka Development Corridor proposes a Readymade Garment Zone, Food Processing Zone and Media & Entertainment Zone covering the District. b) Industry Profile Huge scope for industrial growth and development in milk and milk products, food processing, silk weaving industries aerospace industries for manufacturing of aerospace components, sub- assemblies etc. Page 10

30 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Presence of many construction and infrastructure related industries such as bricks, tiles and stoneware manufacturing Power loom cluster in Doddaballapura in Bangalore Rural c) Key Industries Aerospace, Engineering & Allied Industries SericultureAgro, Food Processing& Horticulture Other focus sectors are- Information Technology, Pharmaceuticals, AutomobilesTextiles, Tourism. d) Educational Institutions 2 Engineering colleges, 1 medical college, 1 polytechnic and 2 ITIs in Bangalore Rural District. The prominent educational institutions are: SSS Institute of Technology, Byranayakanahalli, Nelamangala Taluk. JCS Industrial training Institute, Nelamangala. SJM Polytechnic Nelamangala. e) Tourism Devanahalli Fort, built in 1501 by the Avati clan. This fort was captured by Haider Ali in 1791, and renovated and converted into a stone fort. Sivagange: This destination s spring water is considered to be very sacred, while the hillock is populated with a few temples. Ghati Subramanya Temple, one of the popular pilgrim centres located near Doddaballapura of the Bangalore Rural district. 2.5 PROJECT LOCATION & CONNECTIVITY The project site is located in the villages of Doddaballapur Taluk, and Bangalore rural District. The area lies in the northern latitude of N and eastern longitude of E. Site is well connected by road, rail and airport. Kempegowda International Airport is around 19 Km away from the project site. Doddaballapura Railway Station is about 0.5 km and Devanahalli Railway is 16 km from the project site. Page 11

31 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The road connectivity layout is given in Figure 2.2 and the road connectivity inside the project site Layout is given in Figure 2.3. a) The Existing road connectivity Site is well connected with the following National Highways & State Highways NH-207 (Doddaballapura to devanhalli) SH-9 (Doddaballapura-Bangalore) NH207 which runs through Doddaballapura to Devanahalli which is about 2 KM and National Highway NH7 is about 9.7 Km for the project site. State Highway SH 9 and is about 4 km towards the west direction. Figure 2.2: Connectivity to the site b) Internal Roads The development of industrial area includes construction of 90 m wide, 60m wide roads, 30m wide roads, 25m wide roads, 18m wide roads and 12m wide roads. Three major of roads are proposed for the internal road transportation network and four miners. The major Proposed Hoskote to Dobaspet section of 60 m wide NH-207 road is connecting Bangalore to Doddaballapura SH-9 and other end Doddaballapura to Devanhalli NH4-207, 30 m wide Page 12

32 PROJECT DESCRIPTION road is connecting Bangalore to Doddaballapura SH-9 and other end Doddaballapura to Devanhalli NH4-207 and BMRDA Proposed Road 90 m Wide, which is adjacent to the project site. The miner roads 25 m, 18m wide and 12m wide roads are connected to major roads. The Road Network Layout is given in Figure2.3 Figure 2.3: Road Connectivity Layouts Page 13

33 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE SITE The proposed site of highlights and salient features is given below in Table 2.2. Table 2.2: Site Salient Features Selection criteria Elevation above Mean Sea Level Climatic Conditions 900 m Max. Temp o C Min. Temp o C Details Land availability Average Rainfall: mm Acres Nearest Highway NH 207 (Connecting from Doddaballapura to Devanhalli) Nearest Railway station Nearest airport Doddaballapura-Bangalore State Highway SH9 Doddaballapura Railway Station 0.5 km Kempegowda International Airport-19 Km (SE) Nearest Town / City Doddaballapur- 6.5 Km Devanhalli 15 Km Bangalore 33 Km Topography Plain Archaeologically important places National parks/ Wildlife Sanctuaries Water Bodies/Rivers Reserved/ Forests Seismicity Defense Installations Nil within 15km radius Nil within 15km radius Shivapura kere 4 Km (N) KG Kuntanahalli Lake 4.5 Km (SW) Doddaballapura kere 6 Km (NW) Hessarghatta Lake 9.2 Km (NW) Bannimangala Lake 0.2 Km (E) Kollur Kere 8 Km (NW) Nil within 15km radius The study area falls under seismic zone-ii Nil in 10 km radius 2.7 OCCUPANCY DETAILS Total 1800 to 2000 manpower requirement at the construction Period, Inclusive of Workmen, Supervisors, Engineers, Architects and Managers. Page 14

34 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.8 WATER SUPPLY The estimated water demand during the construction phase is 250 KLD (approx.), 90 KLD for labors and 160 KLD for construction activities and water demand during the operation phase is 9 MLD. During construction phase the water required will be sourced from tanker supply and the water for the operation phase is from BWSSB for project needs.a letter to this effect and the acknowledge received from KIADB & BWSSB. To this effect a letter of Water NOC received from KIADB are enclosed in Annexure IV. Water Balance for the proposed project is given in Figure 2.4. Figure 2.4: Water Balance Flow Sheet 2.9 SEWAGE GENERATION Quantity of sewage generated during the construction phase will be 81 KLD. Sewage during construction phase will be treated in smaller size/packaged (portable type) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) which will be based on Submerged Aerobic Fixed Film Reactor (SAFF). During operation phase sewage generated will be treated in the Sewage Treatment Plant STP) planned and for STP two slot are providing, 1.2 Ac for STP-1 and 3.3 Ac for STP-2 total Page 15

35 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4.5 Ac. The estimated Sewage generations during operation phase, 1.9 MLD. The treated water shall be reused in toilet flushing, gardening etc. and the wastewater generated from the industries is 5.7 MLD, which is treated in their respective Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) on the bases of advance and zero discharge concept. The treated water is reuse for industries like cooling, heat exchangers, boilers, cleaning equipment s etc. To this effect a letter of STP & CETP Management NOC received from KIADB are enclosed in Annexure V a) Design Parameters i. Raw Waste Water Quality Table 2.3: Raw Water Quality S.No Parameter Value Unit 1. Ph Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 600 mg/l 3. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 1200 mg/l 4. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 650 mg/l 5. Oil & Grease 100 mg/l 6. Total Coliform 1 x 106 MPN / 100 ml 7. Residual Chlorine NIL Mg/l 8. Temperature Ambient Degree Celsius 9. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN as N) 100 mg/l 10. Ammonia Nitrogen (as N) 80 mg/l 11. Total Phosphorous (TP) 15 mg/l ii. Treated Water Quality The treated effluent quality to be guaranteed as per the standards prescribed by CPCB is as below: Page 16

36 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Table 2.4: Treated Effluent Quality for Secondary Treatment Plant and Tertiary Treatment S.No Parameters [Concentration in mg/l except ph & Temperature] Into inland surface waters On Land for Irrigation 1 ph BOD (3days at 27 C) Oil & Grease Temperature Shall not exceed 40 C in any section of the stream within 15 meters down steam from the effluent outlet Marine Coastal Areas - 45 C at the point of discharge 5 Suspended solids (a) For process waste water- 6 DissolvedSolids(inorganic) Total residuechlorine Ammonical nitrogen(asn) Total Kjeldahl nitrogen(asn) Chemical OxygenDemand Arsenic(asAs) Mercury(asHg) Lead (aspb) Cadmium (ascd) Total Cadmium (ascr) Copper(asCu) Zinc(asZn) (b) For cooling water effluent, 10% above total suspended matter of effluent cooling water Page 17

37 S.No Parameters PROJECT DESCRIPTION [Concentration in mg/l except ph & Temperature] Into inland surface waters On Land for Irrigation 18 Selenium(as Se) Nickel (asni) Boron (asb) Percent Sodium Cyanide (ascn) Chloride (ascl) Fluoride (asf) Sulphate (asso4) Sulphide (ass) Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Marine Coastal Areas 28 Phenoliccompounds (asc6h5oh) Note: All efforts should be made to remove color and unpleasant odor as far as possible. b) Design Scheme for Dual Plumbing System Background of Phases 1 Development For sustainable development, the dual plumbing of potable and non-potable water supply system is designed for catering the demand of Industrial. Design Philosophy for Dual Plumbing System The proposed development will require water for different purposes i.e, drinking, flushing, irrigation etc. The water usage can be classified into the following categories- Potable water supply Water for domestic use (other than non-potable use) Water for firefighting. Potable water for industrial and residential use. Non-potable water supply Water for flushing purposes Water for Landscape irrigation AC make up water Dual water supply line is proposed for the development consisting of water supply for potable water use and non-potable water use. This will reduce the pressure on the Page 18

38 PROJECT DESCRIPTION requirement of fresh water and also enable no discharge of treated sewage into the storm water drainage for disposal. The potable water will be supplied with the quality as per IS: 10500, 1991 standards. The non-potable water will be supplied from the elevated reclaimed water reservoir after the tertiary treatment of the sewage through ETP and STP. The demand for different types of water usage is considered as per NBC: 2005 (National Building Code). The proposed water flow diagram of water cycling is shown in following Figures 2.8 for industrial applications. Figure 2.5: Flow Diagram for Water Cycling in Industrial Area 2.10 SOLID WASTE GENERATION, COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL a) General The manufacturing/ production sections will produce the Industrial fraction of waste and the non-production sections such as administration buildings, green spaces, roads and the working population will generate the Municipal waste. The quantities of waste likely to be generated from the proposed project have been estimated on the basis of population and Page 19

39 PROJECT DESCRIPTION land use characteristics. For management of Industrial waste individual industrial units may consider having an agreement with the nearest Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facility (TSDF) operator to dispose the hazardous waste and 8.6 Ac is provided for Solid Waste & Incinerator for operational phase. TSDF sites generally have land filling and incineration facilities are available within their premises. The industries generating solid waste have to manage such waste by themselves and are required to seek authorizations from Karnataka Pollution Control Boards under relevant rules. To this effect a letter of Solid Waste Management NOC received from KIADB are enclosed in Annexure V. Table 2.5: Type of waste from Industrial Phase and Non Industrial Phase Industrial waste Auto Ancillary Food & FMCG Electronic & White Goods Logistics Ready Built factories (RBF) ETP Sludge Non Industrial waste Amenities Centre Canteen Utilities Transportation/ Parking Green/ Open space Hazardous and non-hazardous waste including Waste oil, Batteries, Aerosol cans, Bleaches, Kitchen drain cleaning agents, Car batteries, Oil filters and car care products, Chemicals, solvents and their empty containers, Cosmetic items, Chemical based Insecticides and containers, Light bulbs, tube lights, CFLs, paints, oils, lubricants, glues, thinners, pesticides and herbicides and their empty containers, photographic chemicals, Styrofoam, soft foam packaging from new equipment, Thermometers, mercury containing products, Commercial and Industrial Packaging Film Dried hazardous sludge Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes, glass, metals Sludge, silt, street sweeping, paper, plastics Waste oil, lubricants, coolants, paper,, etc Dry and wet Leaves, Tree- trimmings, Grass a) Waste Quantification The quantities of waste likely to be generated from the industrial and non-industrial phases have been estimated on the basis of population and land use characteristics. Table 2.6 presents the estimated solid waste quantities from the proposed project. Page 20

40 PROJECT DESCRIPTION b) Industrial Solid Waste Management of Industrial Solid Waste (ISW) is not the responsibility of Rural Local Bodies/ Municipalities. The industries generating solid waste have to manage such waste by themselves and are required to seek authorizations from Karnataka Pollution Control Boards under relevant rules. It is estimated that approximately 591 Kg/day (0.6 TDP approx) of total industrial waste will be generated. This waste can be classified as Hazardous Industrial Waste & Non-hazardous Industrial Waste likely to be generated from Doddballapura Industrial area 3 rd Phase. c) Municipal Solid Waste The Doddballapura Industrial area 3 rd Phase Development will also generate Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from Non-Manufacturing/ non-production sections of the Industrial Units such as Administration blocks, Canteen, Toilets, Utilities, etc due to the working population in that area along with waste generated from Green spaces, roads, parking areas. The estimated quantity of Municipal waste likely to be generated from Doddballapura Industrial area 3 rd Phase is 2665 Kg/day (2.7 TPD) and 300 Kg/day sludge from STP. S. No Table 2.6: Estimated Solid Waste Quantity from Avverahalli Industrial Area Solid Waste Bio- Degradable, in Kg/day Recyclable, in Kg/day Nonbiodegradable, in Kg/day Total waste from different phases, in Kg/day 1. Industrial Waste Municipal Waste 1, ,146 2, STP Sludge Total Solid Waste, in Kg/day 1, ,400 3, POWER DETAILS The power requirement for the proposed development is 52.2 MVA and 5.6 Ac provided for Sub Station. The source of power will be from BESCOM. To this effect a letter of Power NOC received from KIADB is enclosed in Annexure VI. Page 21

41 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTION Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted within the project site to determine the existing status of various Environmental attributes viz., Climatic and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydro geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio- Economical environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project. 3.2 SCOPE OF THE BASELINE STUDY An area around the project site is considered as the study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio-Economic data were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-Government and Public Sector Organizations. Table 3.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and Table 3.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for various environmental attributes. Table 3.1: Various Environmental Attributes S. No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data 1 Land Use Trend of land use change for Topo sheet different categories 2 Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Biological parameters Water samples are collected at six locations during this study period RSPM, SPM, SO 2 and NOx Ambient air quality monitoring at six locations 3 Ambient Air Quality 4 Noise levels Noise levels in db(a) Noise level monitoring at six locations 5 Ecology Existing terrestrial flora and fauna within the 10 km radius of project influence area Secondary sources and Field survey 6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources 7 Soil Soil types and samples analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. Data collected from secondary sources and soil sample analysis at five Page 22

42 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT locations 8 Socio economic Aspects Socio-economic characteristics of the affected area Based on field survey and data collected from secondary sources Table 3.2: Frequency and Monitoring Methodology Particulate (PM10) Attributes Matter Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) Oxides of Sulphur (SO 2 ) Sampling Network Frequency A. Air Environment Requisite locations in the project influence area 24 hourly Requisite locations in the project influence area Measurement Method Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone) Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone) EPA Modified West &Gaeke method 24 hourly NOx Arsenite Modified, Jacob &Hochheiser B. Noise Hourly equivalent noise levels Parameters for water quality: ph, temp, turbidity, Total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, Electrical Conductivity, Ammonical nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen total phosphorus,, BOD, COD, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids Parameter for soil quality: ph, texture, Requisite locations in the project influence area Once C. Water Set of grab samples At requisite locations for ground and surface water Requisite samples Instrument : Noise level meter Once Samples for water quality collected and analyzed as per IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) D. Land Environment soil Once be methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association. Collected and analyzed as per soil Remarks As per CPCB standards under November 18th 2009 Notification for NAAQS IS: Page 23

43 electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium. collected as per BIS specification within project influence area DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT analysis reference book, M.L.Jackson Google map showing 15 Km radius showing the project location and surrounding features is given in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1: Satellite Imagery of the site (15 Km radius) Page 24

44 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Topo maps showing 5,10 & 15 km radius showing the project location and nearest habitats Figure 3.2. Figure 3.2: Topo map 5,10 & 15 km radius showing the project location and nearest habitats Page 25

45 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Satellite Imagery showing the project location and existing road connectivity Figure 3.3. Figure 3.3: Satellite Imagery showing the project location and Existing road connectivity Page 26

46 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT LandUse/ Land Cover showing 5 & 10 km radius showing the project location and surrounding features Figure 3.4. Figure 3.4: LandUse/ Land Cover 5 & 10 km radius showing the project location & surrounding features Page 27

47 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.3 TEMPERATURE High relative humidity between 60 and 85% prevail throughout the year. Higher rates of relative humidity are observed between August and October i.e., 71 to 85%. In the months of Feb, the humidity is lower i.e., around 60%. The minimum and maximum temperature is 15 C &34 C. The Bangalore District Weather Report for the monitored month of September 2013 to December 2013 is given in Table 3.3, 3.4, 3.5& 3.6. Source: IMD Panambur & District Groundwater Brochure, Udupi District, Karnataka, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board. Table 3.3: Udupi District Weather Report for September, 2013 Summary Air Temp. ( o C ) Relative Max Min Humidity (% ) Monthly Average Table 3.4: Udupi District Weather Report for October, 2013 Wind Speed (Kmph) Summary Air Temp. ( o C ) Relative Wind Speed Max Min Humidity (% ) (Kmph) Page 28

48 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Monthly Average Table 3.5: Udupi District Weather Report for November, 2013 Summary Air Temp. ( o C ) Relative Wind Speed Max Min Humidity (% ) (Kmph) Page 29

49 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Monthly Average Table 3.6: Udupi District Weather Report for December, 2013 Summary Air Temp. ( o C ) Relative Wind Speed Max Min Humidity (% ) (Kmph) Monthly Average Page 30

50 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.4 WIND PATTERN AT THE PROPOSED SITE Climatologically data were collected from the nearest Bangalore IMD station to understand the wind pattern of the area. Predominant wind direction and wind speed data, based on observation at nearest Bangalore IMD stations for the period 12 months, is given in Table 3.7. Table 3.7: Wind data (2013) Month Mean wind speed (Kmph) Annual January 4.9 February 5.0 March 5.7 April 6.5 May 7.8 June 4.5 July 3.1 August 5.1 September 3.5 October 5.8 November 4.0 December 4.6 Source: IMD Bangalore. Mean wind speed and wind directions are as under, 3.1 Kmph min (July) 7.8 Kmph max (May) Wind rose for the month of October to December are given in Figures 3.5, 3.6 & 3.7. Page 31

51 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.5: Wind rose for the month of October Page 32

52 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.6: Wind rose for the month of November Page 33

53 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.7: Wind rose for the month of December 3.5 RAINFALL The climate in Bangalore rural district is quite salubrious, with three different seasons. The pre-monsoon starts from January to May. This period can be divided into winter (January to February) and summer (March-May). Winter is characterized by generally clear skies and very little rainfall. From April onwards erratic thunderstorms occur in the area which increases during May. The temperature is lowest during December and January. Page 34

54 Rainfall in mm DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The mean annual rainfall of the district is 824 mm. Doddaballapur taluk receives the lowest rainfall of 680 mm where as Hoskote and Nelamangala taluk receives the highest rainfall 0f 776 mm. Tables 3.8 and depicted in Figures 3.8 respectively. Table 3.8: Rainfall data from 2008 to 2012 Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rainfall Data from Months Figure 3.8: Rainfall Data From TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITE The topographic setting of the city has radial slopes towards east and west with a smooth ridge running north to south; rainfall over the ridge area gets divided and flows east or west into the three gentle slopes and valleys of Koramangala Challagatta, Hebbal and Vrishabavathi. Doddabettahalli 1,062 m (3,484.3 ft) is the highest point on this ridge. These naturally undulating terrain of hills and valleys, lends itself perfectly to the development of Page 35

55 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT lakes that can capture and store rainwater. Small streams are formed by each valley starting with the ridge at the top. A series of shallow tanks varying in size are developed. The gentle topography has also good potential of ground water development. Figure 3.9: Topo map 5, 10 & 15 km radius showing the project location and surrounding features Page 36

56 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.7 EXISTINGLAND USE OF THE SITE The district has hectares of forests, which constitutes (13.88%) of the total geographical area of the district ( ha). The fallow land in the district is around ha. Net area sown during the year is was around ha. And 8163 hectares of land was sown more than once. The proposed plot area ha ( Acres) is spread in the Dodaballapura Taluk, Bangalore Rural District. The land is vacant and it contains bushes and shrubs. This land is acquired by Karnataka Industrial areas Development Board (KIADB) as per the following policies and acts a) Karnataka Export Promotion Policy b) Karnataka Industrial Policy c) The Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Act, Table 3.9: The project land use details S.No Description Acres Hectares % of Land Use 1 Industrial CA Utility Commercial Residential Park Area m buffer Truck Parking area Roads Total Area WATER BODIES List of water bodies located near to this project site is given in below Table 3.10 and showing in Figure Page 37

57 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3.10: List of water bodies located near to Project Site S.no Name of Lake Distance & Location 1. Shivapura kere 4 Km (N) 2. KG Kuntanahalli Lake 4.5 Km (SW) 3. Doddaballapura kere 6 Km (NW) 4. Hessarghatta Lake 9.2 Km(NW) 5. Bannimangala Lake 0.2 Km (E) 6. Kollur Kere 8 Km (NW) Figure 3.10: water bodies near to Project Site 3.9 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES Physiographycally the district can be divided in to rocky upland, plateau and flat-topped hills at an elevation of about 900 m. amsl. Flat-topped Laterite hills are seen in the northern part at an elevation of 900 m. a msl. The pediplains form major part of the district underlain by Page 38

58 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT gneisses and granites with the highest pediplain in the range of 850m and 950m amsl. Rocky upland pediplain and plateau constitute erosional topography. Major part of the pediplain is dissected by streamlets flowing in southerly direction. In northern part of Doddaballpurtaluk, the pediplains have northerly slope dissected by various streamlets. The major part of the district lies in Cauvery basin. Important rivers draining the area are Cauvery, south Pennar, North Pennar and palar, Cauvery with its tributaries like Kanva, Arkavathi and Shimsha draining the area. The other important rivers Kumudavathi Pinakini. The tributaries of Pennar River, drain northeastern part of the district. The drainage pattern is trellis to sub-dendratic. The drainage map of the district is presented as Igglur Anecut project is a medium irrigation project in operation with about 4380 hectares of command area in Chennapatnataluk, Manchanabele reservoir project with about 3846 hectares of command area in Ramanagaamtaluk and Arkavathi Reservoir project with about 4957 hectares of command area in Kanakapurataluk. About hectares of land is under irrigation from minor irrigation tanks and about 1341 hectares of land is under lift irrigation in the district. The other important rivers Kumudavathi and Pinakini. The tributaries ofpennar River, drain northeastern part of the district. The drainage pattern is trellis to sub-dendratic. The soils of Bangalore Rural districts are broadly classified in to four categories viz (i). Loamy soil (ii) Lateritic soil (iii) Lateritic gravelly soil and (iv)red sandy soil. Red loamy soils generally occur on hilly to undulating land slope on granite and granite gneisses. Lateritic soil occurs in undulating terrain forming plain to gently sloping topography of peninsular gneiss region. Lateritic gravelly soils occur in upland regions of lateritic soils, Red sandy soil occurs in undulating land slopes. These soils are derived from acidic rocks granites and granitic gneiss. Source:District Groundwater Brochure, Bangalore Rural District, Karnataka, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board. Page 39

59 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.11: Drainage and Hydrography Monitoring of Bangalore Rural District Page 40

60 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.12: Drainage map of Project Site Page 41

61 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.10 HYDROGEOLOGY Geology of the Bangalore rural district is broadly described under two groups (i) the dominating Archaean crystalline formation comprising peninsular gneissic complex with a small patch of horn blend schist in the northern part and intrusive closepet granite all along the western part of the district (ii) smaller stretches of unconsolidated sediments. The granite gneisses are mainly of migmatitic type, highly banded in composition from granite to diorite. The Hydrogeology map of the district is presented as Fig-3. The ground water occurs in the open spaces of weathered fractured gneisses and granites. In these rocks the water bearing and yielding properties are primarily due to weathering and fracturing. In the weathered zone, ground water occurs under water table conditions and in the fractured and jointed formations it occurs under semi confined conditions. In Laterite ground water occurs under phreatic condition. Alluvium along the river courses, though limited in thickness and aerial extent possess substantial ground water potential. Figure 3.13: Hydrogeology Map of Bangalore Rural District Page 42

62 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.11 GROUND WATER QUALITY The Electrical conductivity values are in the major part of the district are in the range between 750 to 1000 micro mhos. In Nelamangala taluk, the EC varies from 500 to 750 micro mhos. In northern part of Devenahalli taluk, EC values of more than 2000 micromhos /cm are observed. Flouride content more than the permissible limit is observed in Nelamangala, Doddaballapura and Devenahalli taluk. Chloride problem in the district (Chloride content more than 250 to 1000mg/L) are observed in Nelamangala, Doddaballapur, Devenahalli and in Hoskotetaluks. The proposed project site comes under Nelamangala Taluk which is identified as a semi critical Zone. Figure 3.14 gives the detailed ground water quality of Bangalore Rural District. Figure 3.14: Ground Water Quality of Bangalore Rural District Page 43

63 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.12 NATURAL HAZARD VULNERABILITY a) Seismicity The Geological Survey of India has identified Bangalore Rural District as least earthquakeprone region and categorized in Seismic II Zone. The Seismic zonation map of India is given in Figure Figure 3.15: Seismic Zonation Map of India Page 44

64 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT List of occurrence of major Earthquakes are given below in Table Table 3.11: Earthquakes in India Date Magnitude Latitude Longitude Location 8 October Kashmir-Kohistan 26 December Sumatra-Andaman 26 January Bhuj, Gujarat 29 March Chamoli, Uttarakhand 22 May Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 30 September Killari, Maharashtra 20 October Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand 20 August UdaypurGahri, Nepal 11 December Koyna, Maharashtra 30 May Quetta, Balochistan 15 January Nepal-Bihar border 27 August Mach, Balochistan 2 July Dhubri, Assam 8 July Srimongal, Bangladesh 4 April Kangra, Himachal Pradesh 12 June Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya 10 January Cachar-Manipur 26 August Eastern Nepal 16 June Allah Bund, Gujarat Source: So it is clear that the proposed site is not prone to earthquake &it s in stable zone AIR ENVIRONMENT The prime objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the proposed project. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of ambient air monitoring carried out in the 10 locations of the study area. The results of ambient air monitoring carried out during Page 45

65 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT the study during the month of September, October and November The methodology adopted for Air quality survey is given below. a) Selection of Sampling Locations The baseline status of the air quality in the study area has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance has been based on the following considerations; Meteorological conditions Topography of the study area Locations where air quality is likely to be impacted as a result of localized activities or disturbances & Site Specific Conditions Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at Seven locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. The locations of the selected stations are given in Table 3.12 and shown in in Figure Table 3.12: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Location Code Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Location Project Site Doddaballapur ArehalliGuddadahalli Varadanahalli Venkatapura Biddarahalli Kodihalli Village Latitude & Longitude N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º Direction* Distance in Km* Elevation WNW W SW ESE ENE NNE Page 46

66 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.16: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations b) Instruments for Sampling Respirable Dust Samplers were used for monitoring Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM), Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx. c) Sampling and Analytical Techniques The air inlet has a circular symmetry so that air entry is unaffected by wind direction and is designed to keep out rain, insects and very large particles. The inlet section immediately leads to an impactor stage designed to trap particles with an aerodynamic diameter larger than 10 microns. Thus the air stream in the down tube consists of only medium and fine particulates. The streamlined air flow of the down tube is accelerated through the nozzle of Page 47

67 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT the well-shapedimpactor designed to trap medium size particulates with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 microns. To avoid sampling errors due to the tendency of small particles to bounce off the impaction surface a 37mm diameter GF/A paper immersed in silicone oil is used as an impaction surface. The air stream leaving the WINS impactor consists of microns. These fine particles are collected on a special Teflon membrane filter of 47 mm diameter. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS 5182 part II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO 2 and Arsenite Modified Jacob &Hochheiser has been adopted for estimation of NO X. d) Calibration Calibration charts have been prepared for all gaseous pollutants. The calibration is carried out whenever new absorbing solutions are prepared and used. Table 3.13: Techniques for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring S.No Parameter Technique 1 Particulate Matter(PM 10 ) 2 Particulate Matter(PM 2.5 ) Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric method) Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric method) Minimum Detectable Limit (µg / m 3 ) 3 Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke Nitrogen Oxide Jacob &Hochheiser 5.0 e) Presentation of Data Various statistical parameters like the average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for residential and Industrial zone. Pollutant specific monitoring results indicating levels of PM 10, PM 2.5, SO 2 and NO x with respect to applicable standards are presented in Table Page 48

68 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3.14: Summary of Ambient Air Monitoring Code Location PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 NOx Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Ma x Avg 98 per Q1 Project Site Q2 Doddaballapur Q3 ArehalliGuddada halli Q4 Varadanahalli Q5 Venkatapura Q6 Biddarahalli Q7 Kodihalli Village CPCB Standards Industrial /Residential / Rural and Other Area Page 49

69 µg/m3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT f) Observation PM 10 A maximum value of 63 µg/m 3 was observed at Near Varadanahalli (Q4). A minimum of 35µg/m 3 was observed at Kodihalli Village (Q7).The 24 hours applicable limit for industrial/residential/rural areas is 100µg/m 3, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit. PM 2.5 The maximum value of 32 µg/m 3 was observed at Near Varadanahalli(Q4). A minimum of 16 µg/m 3 was observed at Kodihalli Village (Q7).The 24 hours applicable limit is 60µg/m 3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit. Graphical Representation of PM10 & PM PM10 PM2.5 0 Sample locations Figure 3.17: Graphical Representation of PM 10 & PM 2.5 SO 2 - The maximum value of 8.9 µg/m3 was observed at Near Varadanahalli (Q4). A minimum of 5.0 µg/m3 was observed at Kodihalli (Q7). The 24 hours applicable limit is 80µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit. NO X - The maximum value of 20.2µg/m 3 was observed at Varadanahalli (Q4). A minimum of 8.8µg/m 3 was observed at Venkatapura (Q5). The 24 hours applicable limit is 80µg/m 3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit. Page 50

70 µg/m3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Graphical Representation of Nox & So2 Monitoring Locations Figure 3.18: Graphical Representation of NO x & SO 2 The air quality data in the monitored area within the project site is within the prescribed limit NOISE ENVIRONMENT The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as db (A). The Environmental Impact Assessment of noise from the construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on: Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness; The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and Page 51

71 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure. Noise survey was conducted at 6 locations in the near the project site to assess the background noise levels in different zones viz., Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated in the surrounding areas by the proposed plant. The methodology involved in monitoring noise is given below. a) Identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. The noise monitoring has been conducted at six locations in the study area. The environment setting of noise monitoring locations is given in below Table 3.15 and shown in Figure Table 3.15: Noise Monitoring Locations Location Code Location Latitude & Longitude Direction* Distance N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 Project Site Doddaballapur ArehalliGuddadahalli Varadanahalli Venkatapura Kodihalli Village N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º WNW 5.25 W 2.37 SW 3.97 ESE 2.63 NNE 4.63 Page 52

72 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.19: Noise Monitoring Locations b) Instrument Used for Monitoring Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. The sound level meter measures the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), the Maximum Sound Pressure Level (max) and the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the corresponding function mode. c) Method of Monitoring Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were taken at all locations, with an interval of 1 minute over a period of one hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night noise levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in the study area. Noise levels were recorded every one minute in the following manner. To obtain noise levels at 8 AM, noise readings, with setting at A response slow mode, were recorded continuously for 60 minutes. All the readings were obtained for 24 Page 53

73 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT hours. These readings were later tabulated and the frequency distribution table was prepared. L day : Average noise levels between 6.00 hours to hours. L night Average noise levels between hours to 6.00 hours. d) Presentation of Results The summary of computed ambient noise level parameters like Lday and Lnight, for all the sampling locations are presented in Table 3.16 and compared to the standards specified by CPCB mentioned below in Table 3.17 Graphical representation of the Noise levels is indicated in Figure Table 3.16: Ambient Noise Levels Recorded in the Study Area db(a) Location code Sample location Lday db(a) Lnight db(a) Leq db(a) N1 Project Site N2 Doddaballapur N3 ArehalliGuddadahalli N4 Varadanahalli N5 Venkatapura N6 Kodihalli Village Table 3.17: Ambient Noise Standards [db (A)] Ambient Noise Standards L day L night Industrial Area Commercial Area Residential Area Silence Zone e) Observations Day Time Noise Level :- Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range db (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 54.6 db (A) at Page 54

74 db (A) DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Varadanahalli (N4) and a minimum of 48.2 db (A) was observed at Venkatapura (N5). The monitored locations during the Day time are under the prescribed limit. Night Time Noise Levels: - Noise levels observed to fall in the range db (A) during the night time. Maximum noise level of 44.6 db (A) was observed at Varadanahalli (N4) and a minimum of 40.9 db (A) at Venkatapura (N5). The monitored locations during the night time are under the prescribed limit. 120 Graphical Representation of Noise Levels During Day and Night L night L day 20 0 Figure 3.20: Graphical Representation of Noise Levels The Noise Level data in the monitored area near project site is below the prescribed limit WATER ENVIRONMENT Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within the study area have been considered for assessing the water environment. To assess the water quality of the study area, six ground water sampling locations were selected. Page 55

75 a) Selection of Sampling Locations DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Some general criteria for selecting appropriate sampling sites will be summarized under the following points: Always have a reference station up-stream of all possible discharge points. The usual purpose of a monitoring exercise is to determine the degree of man induced pollution, and the damage that is caused. The reference station serves to assess the situation with respect to background water quality and biological aspects, Sampling stations should be located upstream and downstream of significant pollution outfalls. b) Water Sampling Locations Water samples were collected from 6 Ground Water sampling locations. These samples were collected as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table 3.18 and shown in Figure Table 3.18: Water Sampling Locations Location Code W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 Location Project Site Doddaballapur ArehalliGuddadahalli Varadanahalli Venkatapura Kodihalli Village Geographical Location N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º Direction* Distance* Type of water - - Ground Water WNW 5.25 Ground Water W 2.37 Ground Water SW 3.97 Ground Water ESE 2.63 Ground Water NNE 4.63 Ground Water Page 56

76 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.21: Water Sampling Locations c) Presentation of Results The water sampling results water samples are given in Table 3.19 respectively. The analysis results are compared with the standards for drinking water as per IS: Specification for drinking Water. Page 57

77 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Parameters Unit Limit as per Is : 1991 Table 3.19: Results for Ground water Analysis W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 1 Colour Hazen APHA 21 st EDITION 5 Nil Nil Nil Nil 2 Odour - APHA 21 st No Odour No Odour No Odour EDITION Unobjectionable Observed Observed Observed 3 ph at 25 C - 4 Electrical Conductivity, μs/cm 5 Turbidity NTU Total Dissolved Solids Total Hardness as CaCO 3 Total Alkalinity as CaCO 3 Chloride as mg/l mg/l mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2003) IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 1998) IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) No Odour Observed Not Specified BDL (<0.5) 1.0 BDL (<0.5) BDL (<0.5) IS : 3025 Part 32- mg/l Cl 1988 (Reaff: 2003) Sulphate as APHA 21 st EDI mg/l SO 4 SO 2-4 E Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 21 st EDI Page 58

78 Parameters Unit Nitrate as NO 3 Ammonia as N Phosphate as PO 4 Sodium as Na DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Limit as per Is : W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W F B&D mg/l APHA 21 st EDI NO - 3 B mg/l APHA 21 st EDI NH 3 B&C 0.5 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 0.22 mg/l mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2002) IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Not Specified Not Specified Potassium as K Calcium as Ca Magnesium as Mg mg/l mg/l 19 Iron as Fe mg/l 20 Chemical Oxygen Demand IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Not Specified mg/l APHA 21 st EDITION mg/l IS : 3025 Part IS:3025:Part- 58: BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) Not Specified BDL(<4) BDL(<4) BDL(<4) BDL(<4) Page 59

79 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT d) Observations The analysis results of ground water samples indicate that the average ph ranges in between , TDS of 510 mg/l was found in WNW ArehalliGuddadahalli (W3), correspondingly the hardness, alkalinity, chlorides & sulphates were also average. Iron value of 0.1mg/l, was found in Venkatapura. The groundwater at project site is comparatively good and with some treatment, can be used for domestic purpose SOIL ENVIRONMENT It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the current impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and also predict impacts due to the proposed construction. Accordingly, a study of assessment of baseline soil quality was carried out. a) Data Generation For studying soil quality of the region, six sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical and chemical concentrations were determined. The samples were collected from these different depths viz., 30cm, 60cm and 100cm. The present study of the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the proposed plant. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives: To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics and To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view. Six locations near the proposed Project site were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30cm, 60cm, and 100cm below the surface. The samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for Physio- Chemical parameters. Page 60

80 b) Soil Sampling Locations DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The details of the sampling locations selected for soil sampling are given in Table 3.20 and the map showing the same given below in Figure Location Code S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Project Site Doddaballapur ArehalliGuddadahalli Varadanahalli Venkatapura Kodihalli Village *with respect to site Table 3.20: Soil Sampling Locations Location Latitude & Longitude Direction* Distance* N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º N-13º E-77º WNW 5.25 W 2.37 SW 3.97 ESE 2.63 NNE 4.63 Figure 3.22: Soil Sampling Locations Page 61

81 c) Presentation of Results DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The results of the soil analysis are tabulated in Table 3.21and Standard soil classification is given in Table Table 3.21: Soil Analysis Results S.No Test Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 1 ph Electrical conductivity, ms/cm Available Nitrogen, mg/kg Available Phosphorous, mg/kg Available Potassium, mg/kg Exchangeable Calcium as Ca,m.eq / 100g 7 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg, m.eq/100g Exchangeable Sodium as 8 Na, m.eq / 100g Organic matter (%) Texture Classification Sandy Loam Loam Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Clay Loam 11 Sand (%) Clay (%) Silt (%) Table 3.22: Standard Soil Classifications Chemical Parameters ph Electrical conductivity (μs/cm) Total Nitrogen (%) Total Phosphorous Ranking Very Low Low Moderate High Very High <4, very 4-5, Strongly 5-8, Ideal for 8-9 Strongly >9 Very Strongly Acidic Plant Growth Basic Strongly Basic Acidic <2000, Non saline <0.05 Very Low <5 Very Low Saline Moderately Saline Low Moderate 5-10 Low Moderate Highly Saline >16000 Extremely Saline >0.5 Very High High High >60 Very High Page 62

82 (mg/kg) (%) (mg/kg) Sodium (mg/kg) Potassium (mg/kg) Calcium (mg/kg) Magnesium (mg/kg) % Organic Matter - <200 Non Sodic Moderate - <150 Low Moderate - <1000 Low Moderate <40 Very Low Low Moderate Low Very Low Moderate DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT >500 Sodic >800 Very High High >2000 High - >300 High High >5 Very High Texture Classification Sand (%) Clay (%) Silt (%) Sample Locations Figure 3.23: Texture Classification of Soil Samples Nutrient content Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium Sample Locations Figure 3.24: Nutrient Content of Soil Samples Page 63

83 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT d) Baseline Soil Status The Graphical representations of the Soil texture, Nutrient content are given are represented above. It has been observed that the ph of the soil ranges from indicating that the soil is ideal for plant growth. The nitrogen values are in the range of mg/kg and the potassium values range between mg/kg, which indicate that the soils have moderate quantities of potassium. The soil from the study area shows moderately fertility ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The ecological survey has been done to establish the baseline ecological conditions of the study area to assess the potential ecological impacts of the proposed project on ecology, to develop adequate and feasible mitigation measures to keep ecological impacts within acceptable limits, and to prepare comprehensive management plan. There are no wild life sanctuaries/parks within 15 km radius of the project site. The area did not record the presence of any critically threatened species. The records of Botanical Survey of India and Forest Department also did not indicate presence of any high endemic or vulnerable species in this area. a) Methodology Assessment of the existing vegetation types in the core and buffer zones has been done using standard procedures. The terrain of the impact zone is chiefly plain and in some places gentle undulations are observed. The Biodiversity studies were already carried out in the entire study area. The study of flora is conducted as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India (Anonymous 1994), with respect to the scope and objectives. The study involved in collection of primary data by conducting survey in the field, examination of floral and faunal records in previously published reports and records, and analysis of the information in view of the possible alteration in environment of the proposed project site. For the survey of fauna both direct and indirect observation methods were used. b) Biological Environment There is no threat to the Biodiversity due to the proposed project. The proposed project site is a vacant land with some shrubs and herbs. No major trees are present at the site. Most of the species are indigenous and naturalized. The floristic composition with the scientific names is Page 64

84 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT tabulated in Table There are no rare and endangered species within the study area of the project site. Table 3.23: Floristic Composition in the Study Area Sl. No Botanical Name Local Name 1 Acacua Arabica Gobli 2 Acacia Ferruginea Kaggali 3 Acacia Leucophloea Banni 4 Acacia Concinna Seege 5 Acacia Suma Bilijali 6 Abutilon Indica Thubbergida 7 AlangumLamrkil Ankola 8 Albizzia Amara Chukkiau 9 Azadirachta Bevu 10 PartheniumHystresporus Congress Grass 11 Bambus bamboos Big Bamboo 12 Cymbopogonnardus Citronella Grass 13 Delbergialatifolia Beete 14 Emblicaofficinal;is (Phylanthusembilca) Amla, Nalli 15 MangiferaIndica Mavu i. Fauna in the study area Field studies are conducted to assess fauna in the study area. Within the site at many places mud crabs was found and also at many places within the site, snakes, scorpions etc. could be noticed. On the basis of field studies and secondary sources, there are no endangered animal species present in the study area. List of animals present in the study area are given below in Table Table 3.24: Fauna Present in the Study Area Corvussplendens Scientific Name Aves House crow Common Name Page 65

85 Pycnonotusjokokus Pycnonotuscafer Dicrurusmacrocercus Gallus sonneratii Ptyasmucosus Nerodiapiscator CalotesVersicolor Saurialacertidae Ranahexadactyla Ranatigrina Funambulusspp Rattusnorvegicus Feliscatus CannisFamiliaris Rattusrattus DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT White browed bulbul Red vented bulbul Black drongo Grey jungle fowl Reptiles Rat Snake Fresh water snake Garden lizard Lizard Amphibian Frog Bull frog Mammals Squirrel Field mouse Cat Dog Rat 3.16 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY Proposed project site falls under the survey of India Topo-sheet no. 66 D/2. As per MoEF guideline, 10 Km radius from the project site is considered as study area for evaluating environmental sensitivity. The description of the environmental sensitivity of the proposed site is given below; i. National Parks and Wild Life Sanctuaries There is no wild life sanctuary, national park or bird sanctuary with in the 15 km radius of the project site. ii. Reserve Forests There are no Reserve Forests within the 15 km radius of the proposed project site SOCIO- ECONOMIC PROFILE Socio- Economic status of the population is an indicator for the development of the region. Any developmental project of any magnitude will have a bearing on the living conditions and Page 66

86 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT on the economic base of population in particular and the region as a whole. Similarly, the proposed activities will have its share of socio-economic influence in the study area. The section delineates the overall appraisal of society relevant attributes. The data collection for evaluation of impact of proposed project on socioeconomic aspects in the study area has been done through primary household survey and through the analysis of secondary data available for study area. a) Methodology The methodology adopted in assessment of socio-economic condition is as given below; To assess socio-economic conditions of the Population. Analysis of the identified social attributes like population distribution, availability of public utilities etc., through CD of Census of India 2001 and Census Primary household survey to assess the present status of population of the study area. b) Sources of Information As per the scope of this study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluk Office, Collectorate, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water Board, Directorate of Census Operation, Karnataka etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from the CD of Census of India The socio-economic details are briefly described in following sections. c) Social Profile Sociological aspects include human settlement, demographic and socio-economic aspects and infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include agriculture and occupational structure of workers. The Proposed project site for development Industrial Estates is located in an area of Acres is spread in villages namely Arehalli, Guddahalli, Obedanahalli, Kolipura Village, Doddaballapura Taluk, Karnataka. This Integrated Industrial Estates proposes to have all basic infrastructure facilities like separate Sub-Station for power supply, separate telephone exchange and High Speed Data Connectivity. The District comprises of 4 taluks, 98 village panchayats and 951 villages. Page 67

87 d) Settlement Pattern DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The proposed project site is located at Bangalore Rural District, Karnataka. The study area is decided as an area within 10 km radius from the proposed area. Altogether, there are 14 villages in the study area were near the study area. The following are the villages around the site, where the socio-economic study were carried out, Arehalli Guddahalli Adinarayana Hosahalli Hosahalli Kodihalli Kolipura Nagadenahalli Obenadahalli Varadanahalli Veerapura Venkatpura e) Population The total population in the district is (as per 2001 census), out of which rural population constitutes and urban population constitutes The schedule cast population constitutes lakhs and the schedule tribe population constitutes The sex ratio in the district is 955 females for every 1000 males. And the density of population is 323 per sq.km. The main occupation of the people in the district is cultivation and most of them are agricultural laborers. The literacy rate is 61.9% in rural parts of which male literacy rate is 72.4% and 51.1% is female literacy rate. And in urban parts of the district the literacy rate is 76.2 % of which male literacy rate is 81.9% and female literacy rate is 70.10%. Socio economic of the study area is given below in Table 3.25 Page 68

88 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3.25: Socio Economic Status of the Study Area as per Census 2001 Village No. of HH Tota l Population SC Population ST Population Male Female Male Femal e Male Femal e Sex Ratio Literates Total Worker s Cultivators Mal e Femal e Agricultural Laborers Male Femal e Workers in HH industries ArehalliGuddah alli AdinarayanaHo sahalli Hosahalli Kodihalli Kolipura Nagadenahalli Obenadahalli Varadanahalli Veerapura Venkatpura Mal e Female Page 69

89 Populatin in Numbers f) Education and Literacy Profile DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Literacy is an important indicator to assess the Human Development Index of the area. Overall literacy rate for the Arehalli Gudahalli village is 75 %. Literacy rate of Honenahalli village is presented in Figure Literacy rate in Arehalli Guddahalli Village Population Literates Illiterates 0 Male Female Figure 3.25: Literacy Rate in the Arehalli Gudahalli village g) Economic Structure Economic aspects of the study area include the economical structure of the people of the surrounding area. The geographical location, natural resources, business and employment, industries and manpower play vital role in the economic development of any region. It can be predicted that economic structure of the study area will be improved with time, due to the proposed Integrated Industrial Township, which will provide employment opportunities. The population can be divided into two groups in terms of employment. Workers and Non-workers Workers are further categorized into Main workers and Marginal workers. Main worker is a person who has worked last year for six months or more. Marginal worker is a person who has worked last year for less than six months. Non-worker is a worker who did not work at all during the reference period of one year. The distribution of workers is given in Figure Page 70

90 Populatin in Numbers DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Work force Distribution Arehalli Guddahalli Adinarayana Hosahalli Kodihalli Obenadahalli Veerapura Population Non Workers Total Workers Main Workers Marginal Workers Figure 3.26: Distribution of Work force in the proposed Project Site h) Industrial Profile In Bangalore rural Huge scope for industrial growth and development in milk and milk products, food processing, silk weaving industries aerospace industries for manufacturing of aerospace components, sub- assemblies etc. Presence of many construction and infrastructure related industries such as bricks, tiles and stoneware manufacturing, Ragi, Paddy Maize is the major cereals grown. Banana, Grapes, Mango, Guava are the major fruits crops in Bangalore Rural District. Apart from Agriculture the industries, trade and commerce occupy a prominent position in the economy of the district. Bangalore Rural District is one of the most vital and vibrant district in terms of industrial development in the state. Industrial Areas in 6 places and 2 Industrial Estates in the district. Suvarna Karnataka Development Corridor proposes a Readymade Garment Zone, Food Processing Zone and Media & Entertainment Zone covering the District. Page 71

91 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3012 Acres of Land Bank in Nelamangala, Hoskote, Devanahalli Taluk. Enormous scope for enhancement of productivity in agricultural and horticultural production. Improved seed varieties, advanced agricultural technology and mechanization are the key areas of investment in the region. Huge scope for contract farming with technology and knowledge transfer initiatives. Horticulture segment in food processing is the thrust area in Bangalore Rural. There is huge scope for spice processing industry as well as jam/jelly and juice segment EXISTING STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN THE DISTRICT BANGALORE RURAL Source: KIADB- Bangalore Existing land status of industries in the Bangalore rural district is given in below Table 3.26 and S N o. Table 3.26: Existing land status of industries in the Bangalore rural district Name of the Estate Land acquir ed (In Hectar e) Land Devel oped (In Hecta re) Prev ailin g rate per Sqm Numbers Formed Plot s Sheds /flats Numbers Allotted Plo ts Sheds /flats Numbers Vacant Plot s Shed s /flat No. of units in production 1 Doddabal lapur 2 Hoskote TOTAL Plo ts Sheds /flats Table 3.26: Existing land status of industries in the Bangalore rural district Sl.No Area Acres 1 Bangalore Aerospace Park with Aerospace SEZ near BIAL Basettihalli Doddaballapura IA 3rd Phase 736 Page 72

92 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3 Doddaballapura Apparel park I& II Phase Dobbaspet Stage I, II and IV, Nelamangala Taluk Sompura Stage I and II Nelamangala Hoskote IA IT/BT park 67.5 Large Scale Industries / Public Sector undertakings Table 3.27: Industrial estates developed in the district Sl No Name & Address of the unit Area of working 1 Gokaldas Exports (p) Ltd.,Industrial Area, Doddaballapura 2 Gokaldas India (p) Ltd.,Industrial Area, Doddaballapur, Doddaballapura 3 Gokuldas Images Pvt.Ltd., (Denim) Unit (1) KIADB Doddaballapur, B lore Rural Dist. 4 HimatsingaSeide Ltd. Veerapura, KIADB Indl. Area, D.B. PuraTq. 5 HimathSinghakaSiedeWovens Ltd. Apperalpark,Doddaballapur. 6 Jodhani Papers Ltd., Plot No. 32 & 33, Industrial Area, Doddaballapura, Doddaballapura Doddaballapura Doddaballapura Doddaballapura 7 Otto Bilz India Pvt. Ltd. 5B/6A, KIADB Indl. Area, DBP Tq. Doddaballapura 8 Rittal India Pvt. Ltd., No.238 KIADB Industrial area, Doddaballapur 9 Silver Spark Apparel Ltd. No.55, MajaraHosahalli, KasabaHobli, D.PuraTq. Doddaballapura Doddaballapura 10 Tractors & Farm Equipment Ltd Indl. Area, D.B.Pura Doddaballapura 11 Tulsyan VEC Limited Plot No 7 A KIADB Industrial area Doddaballapur 12 Praxair India Pvt Ltd. KIADB Industrial Area, DoddaballapuraTaluk. 13 Birla Super Bulk Terminal, Veerapura Near Railway Station Doddaballapura 14 Chrysails Silk Pvt Ltd, Plot No.SW9&10, KIADB Apperal Park Doddaballapur Source: District Industry Centre Doddaballapura Doddaballapura Doddaballapura Doddaballapura Page 73

93 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT a) Major Exportable Item Garments, Automobile parts, Electronic goods, Granites, Opthalmic lenses, b) Growth Trend Trend in the growth in respect of Garments, Automobile parts, Granites and lenses exist in this district. c) Vendorisation / Ancillarisation of the Industry: Ancillary units in the field of Automobile parts, Garments, Engg. Products can be developed in this district. d) Medium Scale Enterprises Table 3.28: List of the units in & Nearby Area 1 Himatsingaseide Ltd. Veerapura, KIADB Indl. Area, D.B. PuraTq. 2 HimathSinghaka Side Wovens Ltd. Apperalpark,Doddaballapur. 3 Volvo India Pvt. Ltd., Yelachanahalli, Thavarekere, HosakoteTq. 4 United Motors & Heavy Equipment Pvt Ltd. Plot No.12A, Industrial Area, Chokkahalli, HoskoteTaluk. 5 Camson Biotechnologies Ltd, Sy No.132, Madagondanahalli Village, DoddaballapurTaluk. 6 Kurlon Ltd. No. 22& 23, KIADB Industrial Area, Dabapet, Nelamangala, Bangalore Rural District. 7 Microtex India Ltd. Plot No.33, 2nd Cross, HokoteIndl Area, Hoskore, Bangalore Rural District. Doddaballapura Doddaballapura Hosakote Hosakote Doddaballapura Nelamangala Hosakote Source: District Industry Centre, Bangalore Rural Dist e) Major Exportable Item Silk and Automobile products f) Infrastructure Facilities Availability of infrastructure and facilities denote the level of overall development in the study area. The District has many Engineering colleges, Medical College, Polytechnic Software Companies and bussieness. The District is well connected by road NH-207 (Connecting Doddaballapura to Devanahali) and SH-9 (Connecting Doddaballapura to bangalore) Road. Page 74

94 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.19 RESETTLEMENT AND RELOCATION There are certain pockets of lands owned by few personnel in the villages adjacent to our project site and all the lands being purchased as well as the non-acquired properties within the project area boundaries have no residences or structures on the site and involve no R&R - "Resettlement and Relocation. Land developed by Karnataka Industrial areas Development Board (KIADB). We are in the process of identifying the owners of the non-acquired lands, once the land owners are identified land acquisition will be done or alternate arrangement by proving equivalent area or compensation will be made to the land owners. However we have provided access roads and connectivity to each of private land within the boundary. Hence there will not be any social issue regarding land usage. Page 75

95 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact can be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. Generally, Environmental Impacts can be classified as primary or secondary impacts. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project while secondary impacts are those, which are induced by primary impacts and include the associated investments and changed patterns of the social and economic activities by the action. This section identifies and assesses the potential changes in the environment that could be expected from the proposed project. The impacts have been predicted for the proposed activities assuming that the impact due to the existing activities has already been covered under base line environmental monitoring and continue to remains same till the operation of the project. The proposed project activities would create impact on the environment in two distinct phases i.e., Construction and Operation Phases. The major impacts that could result from the implementation of project are felt on the land, air, water, biological, socio-economic and aesthetic environments. These impacts result from the modification of local environmental traits, arising from submergence of land, change in land use, loss of biodiversity and changes in hydrological features such as alteration of flow characteristics and ground water table and displacement of people. These impacts are intended and unintended, positive and negative, and could be assessed only through location and project specific studies executed in a holistic manner. Assessment here refers to analyzing and evaluating the impacts on ecosystems and socio-economic systems. Analyzing is the objective task of identifying impacts/concerns, taking measurement of baseline conditions and predicting the changes to baseline conditions that are likely to occur as a result of the proposed actions. Evaluation here is a subjective or normative task, which depends on the application of the human values. It involves determining the significance of the effects to the affected parties. Page 76

96 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The impacts on Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Ecology, Socio Economic of the surrounding environment due to the activities carried out during the construction phase and Operational Phase is given below. Accordingly, each impact is classified by different given categories as follows: i. Based on the nature of impact (primary or secondary), ii. iii. iv. Duration of impact (long term or short term), Type of impact (positive or negative), and Degree of impact (significant or insignificant). 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPACTS ANALYSIS The environmental impacts caused due to the development of the project can be categorized as primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) impacts. Primary impacts are those which are induced directly by the project whereas the secondary impacts are those which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changing patterns of social and economic activities due to the proposed action. Interaction of the project activities with environmental attributes is presented as Activity-Impact matrix in Table 4.1. Potential direct and indirect impacts of the project during construction phase will be the following. Loss of vegetation due to the cutting of trees Loss of Topsoil due to Clearing & Grubbing of new alignment, Borrow area, Construction of Camp, Material Stacking yard Temporary impacts in terms of polluted environment on flora and fauna due to the construction activities Impact on the drainage pattern due to raised embankment, introduction of new culverts and bridge constructions Impact on Traffic Management System Increased air pollution (including dust) during project road construction Increased noise level due to the movement of vehicles and construction activities Increased soil erosion Spillage of oils and other hazardous materials Pollution of surface and sub-surface water sources Page 77

97 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Pollution due to generation of Spoils and Solid Waste Potential direct and indirect impacts of the project during operation phase are the following. Increased noise pollution due to the vehicular movement Impact on natural drainage pattern of the project area Pollution of water bodies and impacts on its ecosystem due to hazardous chemical or oil spillage into the canals and streams. The positive impacts of the project will be, Reduced air pollution due to better service levels of the road Improved safe and efficient connectivity Generation of local employment during road construction Improvement of local economy and industry due to better infrastructure facilities Table 4.1: Activity - Impact Identification Matrix S.No Activities A. Construction Phase 1 Labour Camp Activities 2 Material Transport & Storage Physical Environment Impacts on Biological Environment Air Water Noise Flora Fauna -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t 4 Drilling and Blasting -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t Geology Natural Drainage Topography 5 Earthwork -ve/p -ve/t -ve/t 6 Pavement Works -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t -ve/p 7 Use of Construction Equipment -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t 8 Plantation +ve/p +ve/p +ve/p 9 Drainage Works +ve/p 11 Culvert and Bridge Construction -ve/t -ve/t -ve/p 12 Stripping of Topsoil -ve/t Soil Page 78

98 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 13 Debris Generation -ve/t -ve/t 14 Oil & Grease -ve/t 15 Construction in Rivers, Canal -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t -ve/t -ve/p -ve/p -ve/p B. Operational Phase 1 Vehicular Movement -ve/p -ve/p -ve/p ve/p Note: t - Temporary; p - Permanent. Impacts indicated in bold letters are Significant Impacts. The impacts caused due to proposed project activity are discussed in the following sections. 4.3 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE The impacts on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding environment due to the activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below. i. Loss of Vegetation And Wildlife Habitat During Construction there will be essentially entail the removal and loss of some, if not most, of the existing trees and underlying grassland at the project site, and the permanent erection of block and steel concrete structures associated with site new infrastructure. This would constitute a loss of alternative land use, an irreversible commitment of land resources, and thus a direct long-term impact. The site was not extensively or heavily vegetated prior to construction and did not support any significant ecological habitats or fauna. Therefore, the impacts from erecting the new buildings are considered to be not significant in terms of habitat loss. Impact mitigation is not required during the construction phase. Landscaping of the site, after building completion, will see the introduction of plants and trees that should offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at the project site. The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping exercise are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently obtains and these are expected to play a greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing aesthetically. Page 79

99 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ii. Modification of Drainage Pattern The overall topography of the project site will be radically changed by the erection of buildings and this will bring moderately significant change in the existing pattern of surface drainage. Mainly, the impact will arise from the creation of impermeable surfaces (roofs, pavements, etc.) and the corresponding reduction in the amount percolation in the soil and capacity of the site to absorb rainfall. iii. Erosion of Cleared Areas Vegetation clearance and excavation works related to construction will expose soils in the affected areas which could leave them vulnerable to erosion by surface run-off and create the threat of water turbidity and sediment deposition in drains &nearby rivers. The topography of the site and the pervious nature of the soils will cause erosive surface flows during the construction works before landscaping and drainage works reduce the susceptibility to soil erosion. Significant surface features such as gullies, streams or rivers in close proximity to the site that could be affected by soil erosion. iv. Materials Transportation The various materials required for construction and building (e.g. Steel, Blocks, Lumber, Marl, Asphalt, etc.) will be obtained from sources elsewhere and transported to the site. Transportation of these materials, typically in over-laden and sometimes uncovered trucks, usually results in undue road wear-and-tear. In the case of fine earth materials, dusting and spillages occur on the roadways between source and site. Dusting degrades local air quality and material spillages worsen road driving conditions and increase the risk of road accidents. These occurrences represent indirect, short-term, reversible, negative impacts on public health and safety related to the project. v. Ambient Air Quality During the construction phase the ambient air quality in and around the proposed project site will have marginal adverse impacts due to the various activities which are part of construction phase. The various activities includes during construction phase such as site preparation, approach roads, excavation, drilling,, foundation, tunneling, deployment of machinery, erection, transportation, dumping will cause dust and gaseous emissions. The pollutant released during the construction activities may cause immediate effect on the construction workers, Page 80

100 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES directly exposed to them. Emission factors for various construction equipment s are given in Table 4.2. Table 4.2: Emission Factors for Various Construction Equipment s Type of Construction Equipment VOC (g/hp- Hr) CO (g/hp- Hr) Nox (g/hp- Hr) PM10 (g/hp- Hr) PM 2.5 (g/hp- Hr) SO2 (g/hp- Hr) CO2 (g/hp- Hr) Water Truck Diesel Road Compactors Diesel Dump Truck Diesel Excavator Diesel Trenchers Diesel Bore/Drill Rigs Diesel Cement & Mortar Mixers Diesel Cranes Diesel Graders Diesel Tractors/ Loaders/Backhoes Diesel Bull Dozers Diesel Front End Loaders Diesel Fork Lifts Diesel Generator Set Source: USEPA 2005 Emission Facts Temporary increase in air pollution will result from the use of construction equipment, portable lights, and fugitive dust. Due to the short duration of the Planned Action, any impacts on ambient air quality during construction activities are expected to be short term. Air pollutants released from vehicles are given in Table 4.3 and the Construction Fugitive Dust Emission Factors in given in Table 4.4. Page 81

101 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4.3: Pollutants Released From Light Duty Trucks Polluta nts Emission Factors Assumptions Pollutant concentration Cars (g/mile) Trucks (g/mile) Mile/day Day/yr No. of Cars No. of Trucks Emissions from Cars (tns/yr) Emissions from Trucks (tns/yr) Total (tns/yr ) VOCs CO NOx PM PM Source: USEPA 2005 Emission Facts Table 4.4: Construction Fugitive Dust Emission Factors Components Emission factor Unit Source Construction Activities 0.19 ton PM 10 /acre- month MRI 1996; EPA 2001; EPA 2006 New Road Construction 0.42 ton PM 10 /acre- month MRI 1996; EPA 2001; EPA 2006 PM 2.5 emissions 0.10 (10% of PM10 emissions EPA 2001; EPA assumed to be PM2.5) 2006 Control Efficiency 0.50 (assume 50% control EPA 2001; EPA efficiency for PM10 and 2006 PM2.5 emissions) Source: EPA Procedures Document for National Emissions Inventory, Criteria Air vi. Pollutants, EPA-454/R EPA Documentation for the Final 2002 Nonpoint Sector (Feb 06 version) National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants. MRI Improvement of Specific Emission Factors (BACM Project No. 1). Midwest Research Institute (MRI) Materials Storage The improper sitting and storage of sand, gravel, cement, etc., at the project site could lead to fine materials being washed away into the adjacent environment during heavy rainfall events. This would not only represent a waste of materials but would also contribute to turbidity and sedimentation with negative impacts on water quality and the ecology of Page 82

102 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES shallow marine environments. Hazardous and flammable materials (e.g. paints, thinner, solvents, lubricants, fuels, etc.), improperly stored and handled onsite, are potential health hazards for construction workers. Improper storage and handling of fuel and oil would inevitably result in spillage during equipment refueling and maintenance exercises. Spilt petrochemicals would have the potential to contaminate soil and inhibit plant growth on the site. vii. Noise Environment Foundation work will involve land excavation, affecting environment by noise. Structural work, deployment of machinery, approach of road construction and erection of roads will result in noise and vehicular traffic. Material handling and transportation would also lead to significant noise pollution. Continuous Exposure of workers to high sound levels may result in annoyance, fatigue. Albeit annoying, this negative impact will be short-term (limited to the duration of the road construction works) and is not considered to be a significant threat to the health or wellbeing of humans. Distance will help to ameliorate noises. The construction Equipment Noise Emission Levels is given below in Table 4.5 Table 4.5: Construction Equipment Noise Emission Levels Equipment s Typical Noise Level (DBa ) 50 ft from Source Air Compressor 81 Concrete Mixer 85 Concrete pump 82 Concrete Vibrator 76 Crane,Derrick 88 Crane,Mobile 83 Generator 81 Grader 85 Jack hammer 88 Loader 85 Pump 76 Rail saw 90 Rock drill 98 Page 83

103 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Roller 74 Saw 76 Scraper 89 Shovel 82 Tie cutter 84 Tie handler 80 Tie inserter 85v Truck 88d A construction noise assessment for a major project is performed by comparing the predicated noise levels with criteria established for the type of project. The approach requires a descriptor, a standardized prediction method and set recognized criteria for assessing impact. The descriptor used for construction noise as the Leq. This unit appropriate for the following reasons. It can used to describe noise level from operation of each piece of equipment separately and is easy to combine to represent the noise level from all equipment operating during a given period. It can be used to describe the average the noise level during entire phase. It can used to describe the average noise over all phases of the construction. viii. Water Environment Construction phase requires large quantities of water to be used in various processing such as material preparation in equipment s. Change in quality of water forms an important concern associated the project particularly during the construction phase. Earth works, crushing of stones, cutting and modification of the terrain, alteration of drainage systems and soil erosion are the major factors that affect the water quality during construction phase. During rainy season, the runoff water joining the water sources from nearby areas of the development sites will add more such debris and soil particles to enhance the level of suspended solids in the water bodies. This will adversely affect the fishes and other aquatic life forms apart from the human beings who are dependent on the surface water for their daily use. Page 84

104 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Following are the most susceptible locations for contamination of water during construction: Waterlogged areas have water in them during the period of construction. Land fill material may increase the turbidity of this water logged body and thereby may invite vector of disease. Surface and ground water resources close to construction material storage yard, concrete mixer plants and maintenance sites of construction vehicles; and Leakage of lubricant or spill may cause water pollution of surface and ground water body. Impact due to accidental spills or due to bad construction practice, will be short term and low in magnitude and confined to the construction period only. ix. Biological Environment Dust emissions from the construction activity will affect the plant and animal respiration activity. Construction activities change the natural environment. But it also creates a built environment for the surrounding. Emissions such as PM10, PM2.5 NOx, SOx from D.G sets and other vehicles may also cause respiration problem for the surrounding organisms. The extent of the pollution will be about 2km form the project area. x. Construction Waste Disposal Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work would include cut vegetation and typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden scaffolding and forms, bags, waste earth materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site and surrounding environment if not properly managed and disposed of at an approved dumpsite. Cleared vegetation burned onsite would generate smoke, possibly impacting negatively on ambient air quality and human health. Vegetation and solid waste, if allowed to accumulate in drainage ways, could cause localized pooling and flooding. Pooling of water, in turn, would create conditions conducive to the breeding of nuisance and healththreatening pests such as mosquitoes and rats. Poor construction waste management constitutes a short-term, possibly long-term, negative impact. xi. Socio Economic Environment a) Positive Impacts Income to the Equipment and Material suppliers Page 85

105 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES This project will promote the procurement of equipment s and machineries for the various activities involved during the construction phase where it is technically and commercially feasible. Procurement of material suppliers for various activities involved in the construction phase which will also promote the growth of the economy of the local material suppliers in and around the proposed Project site. Employment Opportunities Proposed project will create employment opportunities to the local people present around the Project Site. At this stage it is not possible to accurately determine the number of workers that will be employed on the site during the construction phase but it is estimated that this number would be between persons throughout the construction phase. These levels of short-term employment opportunities would have a positive impact on the local economy and on regional unemployment. b) Negative Impacts OHS Risks to Construction Workers During construction phase of the proposed project the employers are subject to Health and Safety Risks. To eradicate the Health and Safety risks to the employers Personal Protective Equipment s will be Provided Ensuring good housekeeping and cleaning operations Sanitation Facilities Proper On Site Sanitation facilities will be provided for the employers The wastewater generated during construction phase will be treated in the Proposed Septic Tank and Soak Pit. 4.4 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE The impacts on Ambient Air, Groundwater, Soil, Noise and Ecology of the surrounding environment during the Operation phase are discussed below i. Ambient Air Quality The potential impact on air quality would mainly be from Page 86

106 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Combustion of fuel in standby Diesel Generators The operation of diesel generators would be only during the power interruption from supply from TNEB, when emissions due to combustion of fuel (High Speed Diesel) will take place. The anticipated key air emissions from the project would be particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen (NO X ), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO). Vehicles plying for transportation of raw and finished materials(concrete, blocks etc,) Emission of PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SOx from D.G set and Vehicular traffic and also dust emission from vehicular movement may pollute the ambient air quality which in turn cause breathing problem to the patients and student and employees. ii. Noise Environment Noise pollution is caused due to the various activities which involves the vehicular movement, D.G sets etc. iii. Water Environment During the water will be purchased so there will not be any abstraction of ground water in the project site. Disposal of domestic wastewater generated may also affect the quality. Impacts due to Liquid waste from the proposed industries will also affect the water quality. iv. Land Environment Dumping of municipal solid waste & industrial waste on the land will affect the soil quality. Poor garbage management would lead to unsanitary conditions including vermin and fly infestation and odors as well as unsightly conditions. Although the means of solid waste collection and disposal have not been determined, it is expected that garbage management and good housekeeping will be practiced and that problems arising from the improper storage of solid waste will therefore be avoided. Spillage of waste oil from the D.G set may also have an impact on soil quality. v. Biological Environment The impact on terrestrial ecology will be due to emission of gaseous pollutants like NOX, SO2 and hydrocarbons. The gaseous pollutants at a very low dose act as atmospheric fertilizer for the vegetation. However, at higher doses, they are injurious to vegetation. vi. Socio Economic Environment The proposed project would provide employment opportunities and improved working conditions for the workers employed at the facility both during construction and operation Page 87

107 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES phase. The project will increase the economic activities around the area. The proposed project would enhance the existing infrastructure in the area by providing a cleaner and greener environment. Impacts on Socio Economic Environment During the operation stage of the project the healthcare workers may come in contact with the infected and contaminated instruments and needles. Community Health Risk to Improper waste management 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURESDURING CONSTUCTION PHASE i. Introduction Mitigation is the implementation of measures designed to reduce the undesirable effects of a proposed project on the environment. As companies and individuals we all have an important role to play in protecting the environment, which is very sensitive to change and once damaged can take a long time to recover. For mitigation to be effective the following factors should be taken care of The measure proposed must be achievable within time, resources and capabilities The mitigation measures must correspond to impacts Funding must be adequate over the life of the activity Preventive mitigation is usually cheapest and most effective. It must be done at design stage. Mitigation measures can be categorized with respect to construction and operation phase. For the mitigation of environmental impacts various environmental infrastructures have been proposed and are given in following sections. The mitigation measures on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding environment due to the activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below ii. Mitigation for Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat Landscaping of the site, after building completion, will see the introduction of plants and trees that should offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at the project site. The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping exercise are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently Page 88

108 iii. iv. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES obtains and these are expected to play a greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing aesthetically. Mitigation for Modification of Drainage Pattern Rainwater harvesting prevents the flooding of low-lying areas in the project premises, Rain Water Harvesting System as described below sections A basic surface drainage system can be provided for the site to avoid water runoff on to the surrounding properties and roads, especially during the monsoon months. If during excavation, water accumulates in the excavated areas, then it should be pumped out and disposed off either in the municipal storm water drain or into recharge soak pits of dry bore wells. Mitigation for Erosion of Cleared Areas Non-structural measures mainly control the vulnerability component of flood risk, they include: Spatial planning policy with a presumption against development or encroachment of economic activities onto flood plains. Re-cover exposed soils with grass and other appropriate species as soon as possible. Temporarily bund exposed soil and redirect flows from heavy runoff areas that threaten to erode or result in substantial surface runoff to adjacent marine waters Monitor areas of exposed soil during periods of heavy rainfall throughout the construction phase of the project Building regulations to control the additional runoff from any development in the catchment outside the flood plain Regulations to control increases in vulnerability to flooding and of flood plain use Provision of effective warning systems with emergency response plans Public education in flood risk and encouragement of personal measures to reduce flood losses For control of flooding in urban areas, land use planning and implementation of adequate capacity drainage network is essential. Drainage improvement shall be integrated into the master plan for water management in the urban areas. Page 89

109 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES v. Mitigation for Materials Transportation All fine earth materials must be covered during transportation to the site to prevent spillage and dusting. Trucks used for that purpose on the project should be fitted with tailgates that close properly and with tarpaulins to cover the materials. The cleanup of spilled earth and construction material on the main roads should be the responsibility of the contractor and should be done in a timely manner (say within 4 hours) so as not to inconvenience or endanger other road users. These requirements should be included as clauses within contracts made with relevant sub-contractors. The transportation of lubricants and fuel to the site should only be done in the appropriate vehicles and containers, i.e. fuel tankers and sealed drums. As far as possible, transport of construction materials should be scheduled for offpeak traffic hours. This will reduce the risk of traffic congestion and of road accidents on the access roads to the site. vi. Mitigation for Ambient Air Quality a. Mitigation measures for Air Pollution Site clearance, excavation and earthmoving The working area for the uprooting of shrubs or vegetation or for the removal of boulders or temporary or permanent structures shall be sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical immediately before, during and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet. Access road Every main haul road shall be paved with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcore or metal plates, and kept clear of dusty materials; or sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire road surface wet. Construction equipment s All machineries to be used for construction purpose will be of highest standard of reputed make and compliance of noise pollution control norms by these equipment s will be emphasized by company. Acoustic laggings and silencers will be used in equipment s wherever possible. Page 90

110 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Feasibility of putting up acoustic enclosure / temporary barrier around areas with high noise levels will also be explored. Transport vehicles and construction equipment s / machineries will be properly maintained to reduce air emissions. Equipment s will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions against stipulated norms. Exhaust vent of DG set will be kept at proper height to ensure quick dispersal of gaseous emissions. Use of vehicle Immediately before leaving a construction site, every vehicle shall be washed to remove any dusty materials from its body and wheels. Where a vehicle leaving a construction site is carrying a load of dusty materials, the load shall be covered entirely by clean impervious sheeting to ensure that the dusty materials do not leak from the vehicle. Excavation and earth moving The working area of any excavation or earth moving operation should be sprayed with water or a dusty suppression chemical immediately before, during and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet. Stock Piles All loose material either stocked or transported shall be provided with suitable covering such as tarpaulin, etc. Water sprinkling shall be done at the location where dust generation is anticipated. Over Burden (OB) waste dumps shall be sprayed with water as they are major sources of air borne particulate matter/dust. OB waste dumps shall be reclaimed / afforested to bind the loose soil and to prevent soil erosion. DG Set D.G. set should be placed in an acoustic enclosure. D.G. set should be placed on the wooden platform to minimize the vibration. Page 91

111 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The green belt development will also help in reducing noise levels in the campus. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued emission limits for generators upto 800 KW. The same are outlined in Table 4.6, and are recommended to be followed. Table 4.6: Emission Limits for DG Sets Prescribed By CPCB Parameter Emission limits (gm/kwhr) NOx 9.2 HC 1.3 CO 2.5 PM 0.3 Smoke limit* 0.7 Note: * Light absorption coefficient at full load (m-1). Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment should be decided keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby residential areas. Stack height of DG sets to be kept in accordance with CPCB norms, which prescribes the minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set to be calculated using the following formula: H =h +0.2 ÖKVA H = Total height of stack in meter h = Height of the building in metres where the generator set is installed KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA vii. Mitigation for Materials Storage The stockpiling of construction materials should be properly managed and controlled. Fine grained materials (sand, marl, etc.) should be stockpiled away from surface drainage channels and features. Low beams should be placed around the piles and/or tarpaulin used to cover open piles of stored materials to prevent them from being washed away during rainfall. Page 92

112 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES viii. Safe storage areas should be identified and retaining structures constructed prior to the arrival of material. Hazardous chemicals (e.g. fuels) should be properly stored in appropriate containers and these should be safely locked away. Conspicuous warning signs (e.g. No Smoking ) should also be posted around hazardous waste storage and handling facilities. Refueling and maintenance of heavy construction vehicles at the site, should be done at specified areas or makeshift "depots" where measures are in place to deal with spillages and temporary storage of oily wastes. Preferably these depots should be located in an area that would ultimately be permanently paved (e.g. parking lots) thereby covering contaminated soil if any. The ground at the depot site should be covered with a thick layer of marl to absorb any spillages. Subsequently, this marl layer should be removed for proper disposal. In the event of a large spill, the latter must be cleaned up immediately by excavating the contaminated soil and removing it in a secure vehicle to an approved disposal site. In order to reduce ground contamination, an impervious sump or container should also be placed under the spigots of fuel drums to collect drippings. Mitigation for Noise Environment Construction activities that will generate disturbing sounds should be restricted to normal working hours. Workers operating equipment that generates noise should be equipped with noise protection gear. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater than 70 dba continuously for 8 hours or more should use earmuffs. Workers experiencing prolonged noise levels of dba should wear earplugs. The construction activities will be restricted to the daytime and no construction will be practiced during night. Barricades will be provided around the construction site to confine noise within the site. Page 93

113 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES To reduce the impact of air and noise pollution and to provide a clean, healthy environment, it has been proposed to create and maintain a green belt within the building complex and along the roadsides. ix. Mitigation for Water Environment Excavation can be avoided during monsoon season Check dams shall be provided to prevent construction runoff from the site to the surrounding water bodies. Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary soak pits and septic tanks shall be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent wastewater from entering the ground water or surrounding water bodies. To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers shall be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. Controlled withdrawal of groundwater during construction. x. Mitigation for Biological Environment The dust emissions will be suppressed by spraying water and then the activities will be carried out. Emissions from D.G sets and vehicles will be minimized by proper maintenance and by avoiding use of adulterant fuels and will be maintained below the standard limits prescribed by competent authority. Important species of trees will be identified and marked and will be merged with landscape plan. xi. Construction Waste Disposal A site waste management plan should be prepared by the contractor prior to commencement of building. This should include the designation of appropriate waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule, identification of approved disposal site, and a system for supervision and monitoring. Preparation and implementation of the plan must be made the responsibility of the building contractor with the system being monitored independently. Special attention should be given to minimizing and reducing the quantities of solid waste produced during site preparation and construction. To reduce organic waste, softer vegetation may be composted onsite and used for soil amendment during landscaping. Page 94

114 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES xii. xiii. Most of the construction materials like soil, bricks, concrete will be reused in the backfilling, road construction, sub-grade reparation etc. works. Metals, word scraps & bitumen junks will be recycled either within site or outside with help of the local authority. The measures like reusing materials on-site and /or donating /selling salvaged items reduces waste, virgin material use and disposal cost. Vegetation and combustible waste must not be burned on the site. Reusable inorganic waste (e.g. excavated sand) should be stockpiled away from drainage features and used for in filling where necessary. Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork and other construction material, must be disposed of at an approved dumpsite. Mitigation for Land Environment The soil will be collected separately and preserved in stacks with side slopes not exceeding 1:5. The topsoil (soil on the top 15 cm patch) will be preserved separately in a stack covered by tarpaulin. Efforts will be made to reinstate the soil for backfilling purposes. Topsoil will be reused for horticultural areas. The spillage of oil from the machinery or cement residue from concrete mixer plants might contaminate the soil if not properly collected and disposed off. Thus most stringent safety and construction management norm will be implemented at site. Health & safety measures during construction phase Construction related activities will be confined only to project site area, hence no health related impact are envisaged within the project influenced area during the construction stage and will be limited to occupant levels. At the project site much direct exposure to dust generation and high noise generation sources likely to cause occupant health related impact such as asthma, bronchitis and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) etc. on the construction workers. In order to offset such effects, proper drinking water, sanitation and first aid facility will be provided at the construction site, with trained shift supervisors, which will ensure minimum adverse occupational health impacts on the construction worker. Page 95

115 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE The mitigation measures for Ambient Air, Groundwater, Soil, Noise and Ecology of the surrounding environment during the Operation phase are discussed below ii. Ambient Air Quality Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set Use of Clean fuel and proper maintenance of the vehicles will also minimize the SPM, NOx, SOx from the exhaust of the vehicles. Development of Green belt with specific species will help in reduce the PM levels to be carried out. Informatory sign shall be provided to encourage vehicle owners to maintain their vehicle and follow the emission standards fixed by Government Authorities. Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment should be decided keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby residential areas. iii. Noise Environment Proper maintenance of the vehicles and record keeping on the same will reduce the noise levels. The noise produced by the D.G sets can be minimized by providing proper acoustic enclosures and isolating the D.G set will ensure minimum noise at the receiver s end. iv. Water Environment Efficient Rainwater Management Plan will be adopted to reduce the impact due to surface runoff a) Rain Water Harvesting System A rainwater harvesting system comprises components of various stages - transporting rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration, and tanks for ground water recharge. As the proposed facility will comprise only the roof top rain water for ground water recharge. The runoff from the first spell of rain carries a relatively larger amount of pollutants from the air and catchments surface so the system will be provided with a filtration pit consists of the Page 96

116 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES layers of sand, gravel and pebbles of relevant sizes to remove the removable impurities from the runoff water from the roof top. Rainwater harvesting besides helping to meet the ever increasing demand for water, helps to reduce the runoff which is choking storm drains, avoid flooding of roads, augment the ground water storage and to control decline of water level, reduce groundwater pollution, improve quality of groundwater and reduce soil erosion. Rainwater harvesting is viewed as a water security measure with two broad types of program as given below, Roof water harvesting and is rather a temporary measure, focusing on human needs providing immediate relief from water scarcity. The capacity of the storage tank determines the cost of the system and reliability of the system for assured water supply. A Demandsupply analysis is required while designing water collection tanks. The factors such as amount and frequency of rainfall, runoff coefficient of the collecting surface, number of users, daily requirements and dearth period are important for calculating the size and capacity of the storage tank. The method of calculation is depicted in Table Page 97

117 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4.1: Two Broad Areas of Rainwater Harvesting Table 4.7: Calculation of the Size of the Collection Space and Storage Tank Month Rainfall in mm Water collected from surface area in litres (multiplied by runoff coefficient of the surface) Cumulative water collected in litres Monthly demand in litres Cumulative Demand in Litres Difference between cumulative supply and demand Calendar Rainfall Water collected Water Assuming Water The value of Months data from during the month collected number demand for column four is approved from the prior to the of members as 4 the current subtracted sources available current or 5 and per month is from that of Page 98

118 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES collection space month is capita daily use added to the column six. (runoff added to the of 15 litres in the previous The greatest coefficient is previous case of months resultant value for month drinking and 40/ is considered roof surfaces and 50 litres for to be the size for general domestic of the storage various land purposes or tank. surfaces) Irrigation requirement of the crops b) Ground Water Recharge Excess Roof top rainwater can be diverted to the existing open / bore well after filtration. Along with this, rainwater available in the open spaces around the building may be recharged into the ground through the simple effective methods such as Percolation pits or Recharge Trench. Generally these pits are filled with pebbles or brick pieces to avoid water stagnation. c) Need for Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater harvesting and re-charging in to ground water provides increase of ground water table. Rainwater harvesting prevents the flooding of low-lying areas in the factory premises, Salinity if ground water is reduced. d) Recharge structures Rainwater may be charged into the groundwater aquifers through any suitable structures like recharge pits. Area the size of the Percolation pit and Recharge trench will be provided for the proposed. v. Meteorological Data- Rainfall Details Statistics indicate that the district receives rainfall under the influence of the South-west monsoon period extending from June to September and North-east monsoon period monsoon extending from October to December. The Northeast monsoon mainly contributes to the rainfall in the area. The Southwest Monsoon rainfall is erratic. Page 99

119 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES a) Rainfall Intensity Rainfall intensity selected is for storm of duration equal to time of concentration (as per IRC- SP 50) of site i. Time of Concentration Time of concentration is estimated as 0.5 hours, empirically based on distance of furthest point from outlet of the site and average slope of this path (as per Kirpich formula). For smaller duration storms, the contributing catchment area will reduce. ii. Duration of storm The selection of duration of storm for selection of rainfall intensity is 0.5 hours. iii. Rainfall intensity Using monthly rainfall data from 2008 to Estimated rainfall intensities 86 mm/hr. b) Storm Water Runoff Estimate Hydraulic design - This includes determination of storage capacity and storage dimension (length, width and height) of the pond and dimensions of spillway for safe disposal of excess inflow to the pond. Design of Drain Section: Capacity of the drain is designed using Manning s formula: Q = 1/n*A*R 2/3 *S 1/2 V = 1/n*R 2/3 *S 1/2P Q = Discharge in m 3 /sec V = Mean velocity in m/sec N = Manning s rugosity coefficient R = Hydraulic mean radius which is ratio of area flow to the wetted perimeter. S= Gradient of drain bed A=Area of flow cross section in m 2 The maximum storm water runoff volume is obtained from entire site for selected peak storm. The various co-efficient of runoff referred, is as shown in Table 4.8. Detention storage required to absorb excess runoff volume in hours will be estimated for various rainfall intensities. Page 100

120 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4.8: Values of run-off coefficient S No. Description of Surface Run-off coefficient, C 1 Roof Area Road and Parking m Buffer Green Belt area others 0.15 Table 4.9: RWH Computation S.No Description Area in Sq.m Runoff Coefficient Avg rainfall per Annum(m) Rain water quantity (cum/annum) 1. Roof Area 10,95, Road and Parking 5,03, m Buffer 1,94, Green Belt area 2,89, others 7,30, Total 28,12,364 32,81, c) Present Drainage The proposed expansion activity includes the rain water harvesting system through RWH structures like percolation pits and recharge trench for recharging the aquifers. d) Percolation Pits Percolation pits at every 100 m intervals The top covered with perforated R.C.C. slab. The rain water collected in the terrace will be collected through a 150 mm PVC pipe laid on the ground and may be allowed to fall in the pits. A network of storm water drains will be proposed all along the direction along the main roads and cross roads Size would be 0.6 X 0.6 m box and depth of 0.8 m). Runoff from roads and paved / landscaped areas will be directed to storm water drains. Water collected through drains is finally discharged into rain water harvesting drains. Rain water harvesting pond will be provided (Capacity 4000 m 3 ) Page 101

121 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4.2: Rain Water Harvesting Pit e) Future Drainage The whole storm management system for the study is divided into two components: f) Inside drain management Surface runoff from the site is collected by the road side drains which will be drained into the central lakes and the channel. Excess runoff can be harvested in the two harvesting sources identified. On top of it, there are number of existing wells which can be used for Ground water recharging. g) Peripheral Drain Surface runoff from the upstream catchment will be channelized through the peripheral drain and finally it will be channelized. h) Surrounding Drainage Management of surrounding drainage from the identified catchment area is planned as far as possible along the natural drainage pattern. iv. Storm Water Management within Site Management of storm water within the site is planned as far as possible along the natural pattern. Rainwater harvesting measures are suggested to absorb the excess storm water runoff generated by the proposed development within the site itself. Quantity of storm water contributed by the site to the Channel (before and after development) is worked out. Page 102

122 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES If entire rainwater harvesting potential of site as assessed can be realized then runoff to Rainwater Harvesting Potential Since proposed locations of water bodies are in and around development, these can be used for rainwater harvesting. They will also serve purpose of detention storage and absorb excess runoff from the site. v. Commercial Solid Waste Management Out of total municipal waste, it is expected that approximately 45 % will be biodegradable, 12 % will be recyclable and rest 43% will be inert waste. Since the quantities of such municipal waste is not likely to be huge, it is suggested that instead of installing a processing or treatment plant/ unit such as compost plant or biomethanation plant, the Client could discuss the matter with the local Municipality if they agree to collect this Municipal waste and dispose as per Municipal Solid Waste (Handling and Management) Rules, 2000 on per ton treatment charge basis. vi. Industrial Waste and its Management Out of the total industrial waste likely to be produced, it is estimated that approximately 45 % will be biodegradable, 12 % will be recyclable and rest 43% will be inert waste. In general, it would be the responsibility of individual industrial units to collect, store and dispose the hazardous waste generated within their premises as per the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Second Amendment Rules, 2009 and its base legislation. Schedule 1 of the said Rules mentions the list of processes that generate hazardous waste along with the type of waste. For management of Industrial waste individual industrial units may consider having an agreement with the nearest Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facility (TSDF) operator to dispose the hazardous waste. TSDF sites generally have landfilling and incineration facilities are available within their premises. vii. Non-Hazardous Industrial Waste and its Management Out of the total industrial waste likely to be produced from manufacturing plants/ units in Phase 3 of this Industrial development, it is estimated that approximately 760 Kg/day would be non-hazardous in nature. This category of waste would not warrant any kind of special Page 103

123 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES treatment or processing similar to the hazardous waste. Non Hazardous industrial wastes should be stored and collected separately from the hazardous waste. It is proposed that the individual Industrial units may consider stocking/ piling such waste separately within their premises. Arrangements/ contracts may be considered with authorized industrial waste collector which would collect such waste on an appropriate frequency depending upon the quantities of waste production. viii. Biological Environment The emissions during the operation phase will be restricted within the proposed project site. Development of adequate green belt at and around the project site will help in reducing the impacts on the flora and fauna as the plant species will act as air and noise pollution sink. Thus, the impact on the terrestrial ecology of the area would be minimum during the operational phase of the project ix. Socio Economic Environment a) Positive Impacts Improved Medical Services at Healthcare facilities In the proposed project newly improved medical facilities will be installed there by providing advanced treatment options for the patients. b) Negative Impacts OHS Risks to Health care workers Community Health Risk to Improper waste management Ensure proper waste management practices as recommended in the study on improvement of healthcare waste management facilities. Ensure proper management of waste by engaging a Consultant to come up with measures and guidelines in accordance with the healthcare waste management plan. x. Energy Conservation Energy conservation is split into three stages of o Predesigned, o design and Page 104

124 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES o Post design. Industry is an energy intensive activity. Industrial sector is the largest consumer of electricity on an average industries consume around 41.7% of the total power output followed by the domestic (27.4%) and agricultural (2.5%) sectors. This large energy demand has significant environmental impacts, particularly where energy is still largely derived from fossil fuels, including increased air pollution (particulates, oxides of sulphur [SOX], and oxides of nitrogen NOX), increased greenhouse gas (GHG) production, increased water demand and other solid wastes. While acknowledging these problems, the large energy requirements of the industrial sector also provide us with an opportunity to reduce the overall environmental costs of energy production across the state. By increasing overall energy efficiency and use of renewable energy and incorporating green building and green transportation technologies, it can be a model for energy-smart industrial development for the State and India as a whole. a) Optimize Energy Performance Generally in all industrial and commercial projects, the load from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is a major load component about 40% 50% of the total load estimate. A judicious mix of the right choice of equipment, a scheme to harness available diversity, use of the right piping and pumping scheme, and sizing plant capacity to meet diversified and practical requirements can be beneficial in terms of initial investment and operations and maintenance expenditures. This will relieve the total system or extra burden for design and execution inefficiency for the life of the project. It is to be ensured that the project s energy-related systems are installed, and calibrated to perform according to the industry specific requirements, basis of design and construction documents. Benefits of commissioning include reduced energy use, lower operating costs, fewer contractor callbacks, better building documentation, improved occupant productivity and verification that the systems perform in accordance with the project requirements. Qualified individuals shall be given responsibilities to lead the commissioning process. Qualified individuals are identified as those who possess a high level of experience in the following areas: Page 105

125 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Energy systems design, installation and operation Commissioning planning and process management Hands-on field experience with energy systems performance, interaction, start-up, balancing, testing, troubleshooting, operation and maintenance procedures Energy systems automation control knowledge. High efficient luminaries with low energy inputs and high luminous output in offices, commercial buildings and public utility areas and for water heating solar heaters are suggested to be provided. It is also suggested that the optimum luminous intensity lighting arrangements shall be done at working areas, streets, parking spaces and open areas. b) Renewable Energy Sustainable energy is a form of energy that can potentially be kept up well into the future without causing harmful repercussions for future generations. A number of types of energy can be thought of as sustainable, and many Governments promote the use of sustainable energy and the development of new types of energy generating technology which fit within this model. Increasing rates of energy consumption around the world have led to a corresponding rise in concerns about where this energy comes from. c) Selection of Sustainable Energy Type Selection of certain type of sustainable energy type is dependent on location and site specific conditions. Geo-thermal energy is not available at project site or in the vicinity. The wind intensity is not sufficient enough and involves high cost and space constraints. The intensity of solar radiation in the project site is sufficiently high with annual sunny hours being around The average daily sunny hours in Bangalore are 6.4 hr. The photovoltaic based solar power production can be a sustainable source of energy with quick pay back resource. So, in context to the above feasibility it is suggested to produce and use PV generated electrical power as a supplement option. d) Energy conservation techniques The Energy Conservation Technology Strategy is premised on the need for long-term planning when it comes to technology development in the energy field, as well as durable public-private partnerships. Various energy conservation techniques and practices are used all over the world to efficiently use and conserve the energy. Page 106

126 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The Energy conservation techniques in industries and domestic use can be achieved by reduction of Auxiliary power consumption. In industries and modern residential complexes a substantial amount of energy is used for lighting, Air conditioning, heating and using electrical equipments. Using some simple changes in the normal practice, a substantial reduction in the energy usage can be achieved. These energy savings can be attained in the following field. a) Interior Lighting: b) Office Equipment c) Computer & Electronic (Operational) Equipment: d) Air Conditioning: e) Domestic Refrigeration, Heating & Ventilation: f) External Lighting g) Miscellaneous Equipment: Recommendation based on energy efficiency, water efficiency and material efficiency are made in this report. Further detailed recommendations on the efficient usage of the resources and Page 107

127 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 5.1 GENERAL An Environmental Monitoring Plan provides feedback about the difference between actual environmental scenario and the impacts of the project on the environment and helps to judge the adequacy of the mitigation measures in protecting the environment. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by periodically monitoring the important environmental parameters within the impact area, so that any adverse effects are detected and timely action can be taken. 5.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN The key issues associated with the life cycle of a project are the monitoring of environmental parameters. Three types of environmental monitoring are associated with the project, which includes a) Baseline monitoring b) Effects/ Impacts monitoring and c) Compliance monitoring. a) Baseline monitoring - Baseline monitoring deals with the measurement of environmental variables during a pre project period to determine existing conditions, ranges of variation and process of change; b) Effects/impact monitoring It involves measurements of environmental variable during construction and operation phase of the project to assess the impact that may have been caused by the project. c) Compliance monitoring- It takes the form of periodic sampling and continuous measurements of level of pollutant emissions in the air, waste discharge on land or water, level of noise to ensure that standards are met. The basic objective of the environment monitoring program is: Planning a survey and sampling program for systematic data/information collection Conducting survey and sampling program Analysis of samples and data/information collected, and interpretation of data and information Page 108

128 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM To ensure implementation of mitigation measures during project implementation; To provide feedback to the decision makers about the effectiveness of their actions; Environmental monitoring is carried throughout project operation to detect changes in the key environmental quality parameters, which can be attributed to the project. To determine the project s actual environmental impacts so that modifications can be made to mitigate the impacts; To identify the need for enforcement action before irreversible environmental damage occurs; To provide scientific information about the response of an ecosystem to a given set of human activities and mitigation measures; Preparation of reports for submitting to management and statutory authorities The results of the monitoring program used to evaluate the following a. Extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts; b. Performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with pertinent rules and regulations c. Trends in impacts and Overall effectiveness of the project EMP Various physical, biological and social components identified as of particular significance in affecting the environment at critical locations in various stages of the project have been suggested as Performance Indicators (PIs) listed below shall be the focus for monitoring. Air quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5 and CO; Water quality with respect to DO, BOD and Coliform count; Noise levels around sensitive locations; and Replantation success / survival rate. For each of the environmental components, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters to be monitored; location of monitoring sites; frequency and duration of monitoring. The monitoring plan also specifies the applicable standards, implementation and supervising responsibilities Page 109

129 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 5.3 SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN The environmental monitoring plan for the proposed project has been developed in view of the institutional, scientific and fiscal issues pertaining to the project. For developing the monitoring plan, appropriate Value Ecosystem Components (VEC s) which are likely to be affected have been identified. For each component, suitable measurable environmental indicators which are appropriate to the impact mechanism and scale of disturbance and have a low natural variability, broad applicability and an existing data series have been defined. As per the guidelines of MOEF, environmental monitoring shall be required during construction and operational phases. The schedule for monitoring ambient air quality, ambient noise quality, ground water quality, and waste water quality both during the construction and operation phases of the project is given in Table 5.1 Page 110

130 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Table 5.1: Environmental Monitoring Schedule S. No Particulars Monitoring Frequency Duration of Sampling Important Monitoring Parameters 1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring a Project site Once in a 3 Months 24 hr continuously except CO PM 10, PM 2.5, SO 2, NO x & CO 2 Stack Monitoring a DG Set Stack Once in a 3 Months 30 min SO 2, NO x, SPM, CO, CO 2, Temperature, Flow rate & Velocity of the gas 3 Ambient Noise Level a Near DG set Once in a 3 Months 8 hr continuous with 1 hr interval Noise level in db(a) 4 Ground/Drinking Water Quality Monitoring a Ground Water at project site Once in 3 Months Grab Sampling Parameters specified under IS:10500, Sewage Quality Monitoring a ETP Inlet Once in a Week b ETP Outlet Grab Sampling Physical, Chemical & Biological Parameters specified under IS:2490: Soil Quality a At the green belt area Once in a year Samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30cm, 60cm, and 100cm below the surface Parameter for soil quality: ph, texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium. Page 111

131 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6. ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6.1 RISK ASSESSMENT The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may lead to emergency consequences (disasters) affecting the public safety and health. Based on this information, an emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the consequences. Industrial accidents result in great personal and financial loss. Many facilities involve various manufacturing processes that have the potential for accidents which may be catastrophic to the plant, work force, environment, or public. Risk analysis involves the identification and assessment of risks; the neighboring populations are exposed to as a result of hazards present in the plant operation. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of populations etc. The risk analysis is often confined to maximum credible accident studies. In this chapter, the identification of various hazards, maximum credible accident analysis, and consequence analysis are addressed, which gives a broad identification of risks involved. Based on the risk assessment, disaster management plan has been presented. The major hazardous anticipated in the proposed project are illustrated below. Hazardous pertaining to fires in project/plant area Fire in diesel storage areas, garbage storage areas and disposal areas Natural disasters viz. Earthquakes, flooding, etc Electrical accidents Flooding from man-made causes 6.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Identification of hazards in the proposed plant is of primary significance in the analysis, Quantification and cost effective control of accidents involving chemicals and process. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in fact the characteristic of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident. Hence all the components of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events which can be termed as an accident. Page 112

132 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6.3 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation A preliminary hazard analysis is carried out to identify the major hazards associated with storage and the process of the plant. This is followed by consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. Physical and Health Occupational Hazards in any Industry can be broadly classified into the following categories: I. Mechanical Risks II. Electrical Risks III. Fire/Explosion Risks IV. High /low Temperature Exposure Risks V. Toxic/Carcinogenic Chemicals Exposure Risks VI. Corrosive/Reactive/Radioactive Chemicals Exposure Risks a) Electrical Hazards Electrical hazards leading to fire and explosion in switchgear and other equipment mainly due to failure of circuit breakers, insulators, fuses, and poor maintenance etc. Nevertheless, all these hazards lead to localized accidents only. b) Fire Hazards There could be other areas in the plant that have a potential for fire hazard and require adequate firefighting equipment for example, the raw material storages. These are considered here since uncontrolled fire may trigger the above emergencies due to domino effect. c) Toxic release The proposed plant will use Sulfuric acid which is corrosive and toxic. If sulfuric acid will not handle properly it will lead to toxicity and burns. Self-contained breathing apparatus will be available in the premises in the event of leakage in case of emergency. Employees will be trained in handling these self-contained breathing apparatus. Since the quantity of toxic release will be on lower side, offsite implications of release are not envisaged. d) Hazardous Chemicals Release There are various hazardous chemicals (toxic and flammable), which will be used as raw material for manufacturing of Single super phosphate in the plant. Separate storage area will be provided for these chemicals and will be handled with at most care following the safety norms for handling of hazardous chemicals. Page 113

133 ADDITIONAL STUDIES Table 6.1: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for Process and Storage Areas Sr. No. Block /Area Hazards Identified 1. Flammable chemical storage Fire, spontaneous Combustion 2. DG set Fire in cable galleries, short circuits in control rooms and switch gears 3. Switch yard control room Fire in cable galleries and switchgear/control room 4. Process reaction vessels Fire due to accidental spill, Leakages of flammable raw material from the equipment. 5. Power Transformer Explosion and fire Table 6.2: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for the Whole Plant in General PHA Category Description Plausible Hazard Provision Environmental Factors If there is any leakage and eventually of source of ignition Highly inflammable nature of the chemicals may cause fire hazard in the plant All electrical fitting and cables are provided as per the specific standards. All well designed fire protection including dry powder, CO2 and foam extinguisher should be provides. Fire extinguisher of small size and big size are provided at all potential fire hazard places. In addition fire hydrant network is also provided to required locations in plant. 6.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP) Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats, internal disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accidents. Thus an appropriate Disaster Page 114

134 ADDITIONAL STUDIES Management Plan (DMP) shall be prepared in consultation with the project proponent, architect, service consultant and maintenance staff. a) Preventive Action Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a failure. The project in-charge, responsible for preventive action should identify sources of repair equipment s, materials, labor and expertise for use during emergency. The project in-charge should notify the officer for the following information: Exit points for the public, Safety areas Nearest medical facilities. b) Communication System An efficient communication system is absolutely essential for the success of any disaster management plan. This has to be worked out in consultation with local authorities involving police and fire department, hospital department considering the following points Identify the relevant officials and institutions to be involved for the first, second and third level of information; Preparation of the telephone directory of these officials and making available to all concerned; Allotment of toll free number to a central communication centre. Provide wireless communication tools to safety and security and communication officers; Empowering central communication centre with latest communication equipment and tools. c) Emergency Action Committee To ensure coordinated action, an Emergency Action Committee shall be constituted. An Emergency evacuation plan based on local needs and facilities available shall be prepared. The broad content of plan shall include following: Demarcation of the areas to be evacuated with priorities, Safe area and shelters, Security of property left behind in the evacuated areas, Page 115

135 ADDITIONAL STUDIES Functions and responsibilities of various members, and Setting up of joint control action. An elaborate firefighting arrangement is designed for the proposed project as per the requirement of National Building Code Part-IV, which is detailed below. Emergencies can occur at any time usually without warning. When an emergency occurs, the safety and prompt recovery of the College community depends on the preparedness and careful response of our employees, students, patients, and visitors. The information listed below provides basic emergency information to help individuals respond thoughtfully in an emergency event. 6.5 HAZARDOUS CONTROL MEASURES a) Fires To increase the level of safety in compost yard and buildings, installation of smoke alarms or automatic fire detection /alarm systems will be proposed at strategic locations as an early warning of fire to the occupants. To prevent fire mishaps and to manage the emergency situation during fire in the proposed project the following activities and precautions are proposed. Emergency evacuation plan is important for all projects, and the same will be prepared as per Fire & Safety rules. Regular mock drills will be carried out to create awareness on procedures to be followed in times of emergency situation/evacuation It will be advised to keep oxygen cylinders, medical kits and masks to prevent smoke inhalation especially for those with respiratory disorders for whom smoke inhalation can be very dangerous. Plant manager will be advised to ensure that the firefighting equipment s are in good working conditions. The plant will be provided with sufficient firefighting gadgets (water, soil, cylinders, etc) Simple steps to be followed during emergency are as follows. Page 116

136 ADDITIONAL STUDIES Call the fire rescue department: During fire in plant, leave the premises by nearest available exit. Call fire department and do not assume anyone else has called the fire department. If your cloth catches fire, do not get panic or run, stop, drop and roll. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet clean cloth: Stay calm cover your nose and mouth with a wet, clean cloth to prevent smoke inhalation injury and choking. Never jump off or attempt to climb down the side of tall structures as it will mean certain death. Do not run: During a fire, smoke containing poisonous gases such as CO tends to rise up. When you run in a smoke filled room, you tend to inhale the smoke faster. CO dulls the senses and prevents clear thinking, leading to panic. To prevent being asphyxiated, dip tissues or cloth in water and cover your noise with it. Head-count of the occupants: During an emergency, make good use of the evacuation procedure and help each other to reach out of plant/building safely. Ensure nobody is left behind by doing a head-count of occupants. Visitors should read and understand the evacuation plan before going into the plant/building area and ensure their safety. b) Natural Disasters Disasters occur without notice. Most disasters are natural such as earthquake, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, landslides, tsunamis and volcanoes. We have no way of stopping them, but we can learn to deal with the difficult situations that arise due to them. During disasters like floods, fire, earth quake, landslides, rescue beings at site. Even before external help arrives, people affected by the disasters help each other. The government and many voluntary organizations send teams of workers trained in rescue operations to disaster-affected areas. These teams join hands with the local community helpers such as doctors, nurses, social workers and policemen. Temporary shelters are built for displaced people. Doctors and nurses provide medical aid. They treat the wounded and work to control epidemics. Social workers collect food and cloth from all over the country for the disaster-affected people. The police maintain law and order. Media persons help in spreading news about the victims and their conditions. They also post advertisements that urge people to donate for victims. In extreme conditions, the army and Air force organize rescue operations. They clear roads, send medical teams and help to move people to safer places. The air force drops food, Page 117

137 ADDITIONAL STUDIES water and clothes in the affected areas. Organization like UN helps in providing aid during massive disasters. Individually, people from all over the world also come forward to help during a disaster. They donate blood while many donate money. Some even reach the disaster affected places to give an extra hand in the rescue operation. Families adopt children who have lost their parents and thus give them a new home. What you can do in case disaster strikes are given below If there is a tornado, take shelter in a place without windows. In an earthquake, remember to crouch under some heavy furniture or stand under the doorframe for cover. In case of a fire in the building, leave the building by nearby exit If the site is flooded, then climb up to the roof. Do not use the telephone, except to call for help, so as to leave telephone lines free for the organization of response Listen to the messages broadcast by radio and the various media so as to be informed of development Carry out the official instructions given over the radio or by loudspeaker Keep a emergency kit ready. In all the different types of emergency, it is better to be prepared than to get ready, to get information so as to get organized, to wait rather that act too hastily During floods turn off electricity to reduce the risk of electrocution As soon as flood begins, take vulnerable people (old, children, sick, etc) to upper floor Beware of water contamination, wait until the water is declared safe before drinking or boil the water before drinking Clean and disinfect the room that is flooded During storms and hurricanes do not go out in a car or a boat once the storm has been announced If caught outside in a storm, take refuge as quickly as possible in shelter (never under a tree), if there is no shelter, lie down flat in a ditch. Page 118

138 ADDITIONAL STUDIES In a thunderstorm keep away from doors, windows, and electrical conductors, unplug electrical appliances and aerials. Do not use any electrical appliances or the telephone During earthquake keep calm, do not get panic, People who are indoors should stay there but move to the central part of the building, people who are outside should stay there, keeping away from buildings to avoid collapsing walls and away from electrical cables. Anyone in a vehicle should park it, keeping away from bridges and buildings During spread of clouds of toxic fumes, close doors and windows, seal any cracks or gaps around windows and doors with adhesive tape. Organize a reserve of water (by filling wash basins, baths, etc. Turn off ventilators and air conditioners. c) Electrical Accidents Electrical hazards can cause burns, shocks, and electrocution which can lead to serious injury and even death. When dealing with potentially serious electrical hazards, stop and think! Instead of taking a chance and risking your personal safety, call trained professionals to handle problems. Many times people prefer to take electrical matters into their own hands. Other small aspects of electrical repair in a business setting may be taken care of without needing professional service technicians. If you do decide to take matters into your own hands, safety precautions can avoid injuries and other losses. i. Prevention of Electrical Accidents Flexible cords connected to appliance should be wired to confirm to the international Colour code. Colour of the insulation on the wire is Brown represents live wire, Blue represents neutral wire and Green/yellow stripes represent earth wire. What you should look for when selecting an electrical appliance are given below a) The appliance should be suitable for operation on local electrical supply of 240 volts AC and frequency of 50 Hz. b) The appliance should preferably be tested and certified by a national or reputed standards testing authority Page 119

139 ADDITIONAL STUDIES c) Look for certified plugs on the flexible cords connected to the appliances. If the appliance is double insulated and has a 2-pin plug, then it should be fitted with a suitable certified plug. d) An essential formality when buying any appliances is a duly completed guarantee card with the dealer's/retailer's official stamp and details of the appliance (serial number, etc.). Safety precautions to be taken when using electrical appliances a) Avoid using handheld appliances when your hand and/or body is wet. b) Do not use or leave appliances where liquid can splash onto them. c) Flexible cords connecting the appliance and the plug should be in good condition, if the cord is frayed, chaffed, cut or melted, have the entire cord replaced by a competent person. d) Check accessories such as plugs attached to appliances for cracks and burnt marks and have them replaced. If undue overheating occurs or burnt marks appear in any electrical appliance, have it checked Some common causes of electrical accidents in the house a) Faulty wiring: This usually occurs when unauthorized extension or rewiring is done by unqualified persons. Some of the usual faults are the omission of earth wires and the reversing of the live and neutral wires. Without an earth wire, the exposed metal parts of appliances may deliver a lethal shock to the user when a fault develops. b) Improper flexible cords: This can be caused by connecting the flexible cord wrongly to the plug. In the case of appliances which have exposed metallic parts, a 2-core instead of a 3-core flexible cord is used. When the appliance is faulty, the exposed metal parts may become live and a fatal accident could result. c) Faulty appliance: Attempts to repair faults in electrical appliances by people not trained to do so can result in accidental shock. To prevent Electrical accidents, the following points should be kept in mind: All electrical wiring, rewiring or extension work must be carried out by licensed electrical contractors. On completion, the contractors should test before electricity supply is connected. Repair of appliances and replacement of flexible Cords should be carried out only by competent persons. Page 120

140 ADDITIONAL STUDIES To ensure electrical safety in the house, a current-operated Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) or Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) set to operate at a very small leakage current is recommended. (This is usually marked 100mA or 0.1A on the label). In case of dangerous electrical leakage to earth, it should automatically cur off the supply of electricity. DO NOT repair your own electrical appliances. Engage the services of a competent technician. DO NOT use multi-way adaptors. Over loading can cause fire. One socket outlet is for one appliance only. DO NOT carry out wiring extension by yourself. Engage a licensed wiring contractor for the work. DO NOT use a two-way lighting adaptor for any extension. DO NOT connect any electrical appliance to lighting outlets. A lighting outlet does not have an earth wire to prevent danger. ENSURE the switch is in "OFF" position before changing bulbs. DO NOT make joints to lengthen the lead of the electrical appliances. If the lead wire is worn out or too short, replace it with a new wire. DO NOT drive nails carelessly on the wall. There may be concealed wiring. USE individual socket outlet for every electrical appliance. KEEP AWAY from danger areas such as a substation for whatsoever reasons. CHECK before carrying out excavation work to prevent damaging any underground cable. The operator may receive severe electric shock or even be electrocuted. TAKE PRECAUTION when working in the vicinity of overhead lines to avoid any unforeseen incident. DO NOT meddle with any broken overhead wire. Report the matter immediately to the nearest electric office. DO NOT climb any electric pole. You may receive an electric shock or get electrocuted. DO NOT throw anything onto the overhead lines. NEVER attempt to retrieve anything stuck to overhead lines by whatever means. DO NOT climb transmission line towers. No one is safe from its high voltage shock. DO NOT erect any structure close to transmission lines. Page 121

141 ADDITIONAL STUDIES DO NOT fly kites close to overhead lines. TAKE PRECAUTION when working in the vicinity of overhead lines to avoid any unforeseen incident. NEVER stand on a damp or wet surface when using electrical equipment. USE a portable electrical tool, which is properly earthed. DO NOT tap electrical power without a proper plug. DO NOT use any electrical tool which has a damaged casing, cap, switch, lead or plug. BEFORE using portable electrical appliances and tools, always check for: o Worn or defective insulation o Loose or broken connection o Earth wire connection 6.6 RISK AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN Emergencies can occur at any time usually without warning. When an emergency occurs, the safety and prompt recovery of the project site depends on the preparedness and careful response of our workers, peoples and visitors. The information listed below provides basic emergency information to help individuals respond thoughtfully in an emergency event. a) Building Evacuation The Department of Public Safety and Security will notify security officers, building contractors and emergency preparedness coordinators to commence evacuation procedures. In the event of an emergency, all occupants are to vacate the buildings immediately. When notification occurs, all building occupants must evacuate from the nearest marked exit and alert others within close proximity to do the same. Assist mobility to impaired persons to the closest area of rescue assistance. Use stairwells to exit the buildings. Do not use elevators in the event of a fire, earthquake, or other emergencies where you could become confined inside. Proceed outside to the nearest Emergency Assembly Point. Provisions for individuals with disabilities. Page 122

142 ADDITIONAL STUDIES The landings inside of each stairwell and protected elevator lobbies are considered safe areas for individuals with disabilities. It is routine procedure for emergency personnel (i.e., fire department and police) to check these areas for individuals with disabilities and/or injured persons. In the event of an evacuation, individuals with disabilities located above or below the ground floor should be escorted to the closest stairwell and a buddy should remain with that person until emergency personnel arrive. b) Training It is a proven fact that human beings, when faced with adverse situations, tend to react in the way for which they have trained and practiced. Therefore, it is recommended that each area of the plan training periods in which the previously listed procedures may be practiced. Emergency preparedness coordinator should have regular meetings with people in their building to be certain everyone knows what to do and what to expect, as much as possible. These meetings should be held often enough to keep everyone properly informed. The Project proponent will conduct mandatory Emergency Preparedness Training sessions annually, in person or web-based. The training will be conducted through a collaboration of the Office of the Associate Vice President for Administration, Campus Operations, and Campus Safety and Security. Any change in building contractors or emergency preparedness coordinators should be immediately reported to both the Environmental management Cell and the Environmental Safety Officer. 6.7 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS TRAINING It is a proven fact that human beings, when faced with adverse situations, tend to react in the way for which they have trained and practiced. Therefore, it is recommended that each area the training periods in which the previously listed procedures may be practiced. Each building contact and emergency preparedness coordinator should have regular meetings with people in their building to be certain everyone knows what to do and what to expect, as much as possible. These meetings should be held often enough to keep everyone properly informed. Training sessions should be coordinated through the Environmental Management Cell. Page 123

143 ADDITIONAL STUDIES Meetings and training sessions should be documented by the building contractors. Documentation should include the attendee s name, position with the date of training, location training was held, and any other specific information in regards to what was covered in the session. These records should be forwarded to the compliance Officer and to Human Resources for inclusion in the employee s personnel file. There will be mandatory Emergency Preparedness Training sessions annually, in person or web-based. The training will be conducted through a collaboration of the Office of the Associate Vice President for Administration, Campus Operations, and Campus Safety and Security. Any change in building contacts or emergency preparedness coordinators should be immediately reported to both the Environmental management Cell and the Environmental Safety Officer. a) Training on Fire Fighting An intensive Fire Fighting Program is regularly conducted once in a month. A one day training program for Occupants and maintenance staffs will be conducted regularly once in a month by the Fire department staffs. The training program includes Lecture Classes, wet mock drill and First aid etc. Practical demonstrations on use of first aid fire extinguishers followed by the wet mock drill with our hydrant system also form part of the program. b) Equipment Checks All firefighting equipment like valves, fire hydrants, pumps, monitors, etc., will be checked weekly to detect defective parts and such parts would be immediately replaced. c) Mock Drills Mock drills will be conducted for training the persons and to check the performance of persons and equipment s and also to keep them fit for any emergency. To extract persons from the debris of collapsed buildings / structure and save human lives. To cut off supplies of water, gas electricity to damaged buildings. To take immediate steps as may be necessary for the temporary supports or demolition of buildings and structures, the collapses of which is likely to endanger life. Page 124

144 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6.8 FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Burns are caused by dry heat such as fire, electricity, strong acids and alkalies. Table 6.3: First Aid for Burns Burns Covering Small Area Burn Covering Extensive Area ii. Allow cold tap water to run gently over the area or immerse in cold water. iii. It may be necessary to cover with gauze or a clean handkerchief, and bandage i. Allow person to lie down. ii. Cover burned areas with sterile dressing or clean cloth and lightly bandage. iii. If clothing is adhering, do not disturb; leave the clothing alone. iv. Keep person warm. If person is not nauseated, he may have sips of water. v. Arrange for immediate medical care. (Call 108 for ambulance.) Note: Do not user ointments, greases, pastes or powder on burned area. Do not prick the blisters caused by burns. Tetanus Immunisation : Protection against tetanus should be considered whenever the skin is broken by injuries Page 125

145 PROJECT BENEFITS 7. PROJECT BENEFITS 7.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) is a wholly owned infrastructure agency of Government of Karnataka, set up under Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Act of 1966.KIADB has so far developed 141 industrial areas in 28 districts of the State. This Land is acquired by Karnataka Industrial areas Development Board (KIADB) as per the following policies and acts a) Karnataka Export Promotion Policy b) Karnataka Industrial Policy c) The Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Act, The district has hectares of forests, which constitutes (13.88%) of the total geographical area of the district ( ha). The fallow land in the district is around ha. Net area sown during the year is was around ha. And 8163 hectares of land was sown more than once. The Doddaballapura area is probably the industrialized area in the State of Karnataka and the proposed plot area Acres is spread Doddaballapura Taluk, Bangalore Rural District.The land is vacant and it contains bushes and shrubs. According to many commentators, Karnataka could unleash its full potentials, provided it improves the infrastructure facilities, which are at present not sufficient to meet the growing demand of the economy and population. Therefore, infrastructure developments such as construction of Industrial Area Projects are needed for a State like Karanataka. 7.2 IMPACT ON PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE The proposed industrial area will include following infrastructure facilities: Industrial Plots STP Approach roads Power Sub-Stations Internal roads with storm water drains Solid Waste Incinerator Power supply and street lighting Rain Water Harvesting System Water supply network Public utilities Parking/Buffer zone area. Green Belt Development Housing Complex Commercial Complex Due to the proposed project the following physical infrastructure improvements takes place: Page 3-126

146 PROJECT BENEFITS 1. The objective of the project is to develop Industries. During the operation phase of the project, there will be rigorous movement of vehicles hence road improvement will take place. However, the roads adjacent to the project site are in good condition. 2. Residential improvements such as development of apartments, villas and individual houses etc., will take place. 3. Water supply and sewerage lines connections will be improved. Considering the above points, it can be concluded that the proposed project site is best suited for the commercial activity. 7.3 IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS The impacts on the socio economic developments due to the proposed project is as follows: 1. Due to the development of Industries, population from different states will migrate towards the proposed project area. Due to this near to project site land value and the house rent increases. Subsequently, economics status of the surrounding people increases. 2. Employment opportunities for Engineers, Labours, security guards, housekeepers etc., will be created due to the development of Industries Area. 7.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL 1. Due to creation of new industries more workers and man power have joined this places leading to a substantial increase in the population. 2. The project will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local people. The plant will create additional employment during construction & operational phase. Additionally, certain works like security will be outsourced on contract. 3. The secondary employment in the form of providing services to the employed manpower will also be developed in the neighboring villages. Raw materials can be sourced locally. Hence the cost for procurement is less Increase in Market & Business Establishment facilities The State Government will benefit through revenue recovery from excise duty. Page 3-127

147 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN 8.1 INTRODUCTION The EMP need to be integrated in overall project planning process covering all phases of project cycles i.e, location, design, construction and operation. Management by provision of necessary safeguard in planning of the project itself can lead to reduction of adverse environmental impacts due to project. This chapter spells out the set of measures to be undertaken during project construction and operation to reduce or mitigate or bring down the adverse environmental impacts to acceptable level based on the proposed Environmental Management Plan. The most reliable way to ensure that the plan will be integrated into the overall project planning and implementation is to include the plan as an integral component of the project. This will ensure that it receives funding and supervision along with other investment components. For optimal integration of EMP into the project, there should be link for: Funding; Management, Training and Monitoring The purpose of the first link is to ensure that proposed actions are adequately financed. The second link helps in embedding training, technical assistance, staffing and other institutional strengthening items in the mitigation measures to implement the overall management plan. The third provides a critical path for implementation and enables sponsors and the funding agency to evaluate the success of mitigation measures, as part of project supervision and as a means to improve future projects. For every use discussed in the above sections, the implementing agency as well as staffing, equipment, phasing and budgeting have been presented as far as possible. All required funds will be channelled through the project authority. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be established to monitor and to ensure the proper functioning of the Proposed Project. The EMS will include the following: Environmental Management Cell Personnel Training on Environmental Awareness Program and Safety Issues Page 3-128

148 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL An organizational setup to be formed to ensure effective implementation of the mitigation measures to minimize the impacts due to the activities carried out during Construction and Operation phase of the Proposed Project and to execute the Environmental Monitoring Plan. The responsibilities of the Environmental Management Cell is given below To implement the Mitigation measures To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control measures To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants, monitoring laboratories. Conducting Environmental Awareness Program for the patients and employees on Safety issues, Water management, and Energy conservation. The organizational set up of the Environmental Management Cell is shown in Figure8.1. Figure 8.1: Environmental Management Cell Page 3-129

149 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN The responsibilities of the Environmental Management Cell are as follows; To implement the Mitigation measures; To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations; To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control measures; To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule; Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference; Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants, monitoring laboratories; Conducting Environmental Awareness Program for the employees on Safety issues, Water management, and Energy conservation. All developmental activities will bring some impacts associated with its origin, which can be broadly classified as reversible, irreversible, long and short-term impacts. In this section an endeavor has been made to identify various Environmental Impacts associated with the proposed project both during construction and operational phase. Based on the possible worst case emissions and waste generation from the proposed project and also taking into consideration the baseline Environmental status at the proposed project site, the environmental factors that may likely be affected (Impacts) are assessed. Both instrumental (positive) and detrimental (negative) impacts are accounted for this purpose. The prediction of impacts helps in the preparing a sound Environmental Management Plan which has to be executed during operational and construction phase to minimize the adverse impacts on the environmental quality. The potential impacts on the environment from the proposed project are identified based on the nature of the various activities associated not only with the project implementation and operation, but also on the current status of the environmental quality at the project site. All the potentially significant environmental impacts from the project are grouped as below. i. Air Environment Impacts on ambient air quality Impacts on ambient odour Impacts on ambient noise Page 3-130

150 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN ii. Water Environment Impacts on surface water quality Impacts on ground water iii. Land Environment Impacts on land use Impacts on agriculture iv. Socio Economics Impacts on infrastructure Impacts on employment v. Indirect Impacts Impacts on public health and safety Impacts on cultural resources Impacts on aesthetics To study the existing status of the ambient air quality in the project area and its surroundings few samples of air, water and soil will be collected and analyzed for important parameters. Similarly noise levels will also be measured at some important locations. 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE i. Water and Wastewater Management The environmental impacts during the construction phase are limited to construction phase only. Water demand required for construction activity is 160 KLD and for construction labors is 90 KLD (2000 Nos * 45 LPCD) and the same will be met through KIADB treated water tankers. Proper sanitation facilities will be provided to the construction workers. 100 toilets and 100 bathrooms will be provided for 500 labors. 81 KLD of sewage generated will be treated in Mobile STP. After treatment, treated wastewater will be led into the existing line. Hence no unsanitary conditions will be created. ii. Solid Waste Management About 300 Kgs/day of solid waste will be generated from the labour campus and the same will be handed over to the KIADB trucks. Page 3-131

151 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN iii. Construction Debris Management The debris will be generated due to the construction activity and the same will be used for backfilling and for sub-base works of roads and pavements within the project site. iv. Environmental Impacts due to Construction Activity and their Management Measures Environmental impacts due to the construction activity are: Removal of topsoil due to excavation will lead to high water requirement for future landscape purposes and will prevent the growth of native plant species. Change in topography of the area will mean change in drainage patterns of the area. Reduced ground water recharge due to increase of hard surfaces. Construction activities create dust/air pollution Heavy machinery used generates noise pollution Urbanized areas lead to a temperature rise of 1-2 o C due to higher absorptive surfaces. Implementing some site control measure during construction will reduce the environmental impacts and reduce the nuisance levels to the surrounding areas from the construction site. v. Measures to control site impacts a) Site Clearance Site clearing process will be phased to only areas that need excavation initially; this will reduce the dust emission from currently unused areas. Unused area will be vegetated by growing temporary groundcover plants or flower beds. b) Construction of Access Roads Collaboration with municipal authorities for temporary/permanent road widening to cater to the additional truck traffic and future traffic Truck movement will be avoided during the morning and evening rush hours i.e. before 10.00am and after 5.00pm. Frequent water sprinkling will be done to reduce local dust emissions. c) Noise Barriers Sensitive neighboring sites will be identified and barriers will be erected to safeguard those sides from impacts Page 3-132

152 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN Noise protective equipment will be provided to the operator of the machine Silencer/dampers will be attached to the equipment to reduce noise from the equipment to surrounding areas. Noise prone activities will be restricted during night time d) Excavation Excavation will be carried out in such a manner that it will not reduce slope stability The top soil will be used for landscaping and leveling activities on site. On windy days excavation activities will be avoided to reduce dust emissions Excavated soil will be prevented from spilling out of the site boundaries on to adjoining roads and properties. e) Dust Emission during Construction Site will be watered at least twice a day to reduce the dust emissions Tree plantation program will be carried out along the approach roads and the construction. f) Drainage Drainage system will be provided for the site to avoid water runoff on to the surrounding properties and roads, especially during the monsoon months. If during excavation, water accumulates in the excavated areas, it will be pumped out and disposed off either in the municipal storm water drain or into recharge soak pits of dry bore wells. g) Maintenance of Vehicles Construction vehicles will be properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust emissions h) Material Loading and Unloading All trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil or other loose material will be covered two feet free board will be maintained. Load and unload of trucks will be carried out on site. i) Surrounding Areas Adjacent roads of the site will be swept at least once a day that get soiled due to the frequent movement of trucks to and fro from the site. All outdoor lighting, will be designed, installed and operated to ensure that all direct rays from project lighting are contained within construction site. Page 3-133

153 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN j) Solid/Hazardous Waste Disposal The hazardous materials used during construction phase may include petrol, diesel, welding gas and paints. These materials will be stored and handled according to the KSPCB guidelines. Diesel and other fuels will be stored in separate enclosures. Wherever possible, hazardous raw materials will be substituted by non-hazardous materials for example cleaning solvent will be replaced with film free biodegradable cleaners. Usage of non chlorinated strippers instead of strippers containing methylene chloride and substitution of water based paint for oil based ones. Vehicle maintenance area will be designed to prevent contamination of ground water by accidental spillage of oil. 8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE There are no negative impacts due to the proposed project on the environmental parameters such as air, noise, land and water. i. Air Quality Management Major pollutants envisaged from the proposed project will be from the Industries and vehicles movement. The major pollutants will be oxides of nitrogen, particulates and sulphur-dioxide. The following methods of abatement will be employed for the air pollution control board source level. Use advance and proper methods to control and reduce air pollution from industries Green belt development with specific species will reduce SPM levels Use of clean fuel by the vehicles will reduce emission of pollutants The emission from the slacks of Industries will be monitored for exit concentration of Oxides of nitrogen and sulphurdioxide Sampling ports will be provided in the slacks according to KSPCB guidelines. ii. Noise Level Management Some of the practices proposed for noise attenuation are as follows. All noise generating source from the industries and DG Set for residential and commercial will be equipped with appropriate noise control measures. Sound levels will be consistent with local government regulations Page 3-134

154 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN Ambient noise levels will be periodically monitored to determine compliance with the norms. Noise levels will also be monitored at point source for occupational noise exposure and ensuring health risk. iii. Water Demand and Supply Two separate pipelines for the cold water supply for domestic purpose and treated water supply for flushing purpose will be laid. Sewage and domestic wastewater from soil pipes and sullage pipes will be led into the sewage treatment plant. From the sewage treatment plant, water flows into the treated water sump. From the treated water sump, a separate line will be laid which connects to the WC and to the sprinklers. During the operational phase, the water demand is 9 MLD will be met through BWSSB. The Water Noc is obtained from the KIADB & BWSSB. iv. Wastewater Management The estimated Sewage generations during operation phase 1.28 MLD and Trade Effluent from industries is 4.8 MLD. v. Sewage Treatment Plants Quantity of sewage generated during the construction phase will be 81 KLD. Sewage during construction phase will be Septic Tank. During operation phase sewage generated will be treated in the Sewage Treatment Plant STP) planned and for STP two slot are providing, 1.2 Ac for STP-1 and 3.3 Ac for STP-2 total 4.5 Ac. The estimated Sewage generations during operation phase 1.9 MLD. The treated water shall be reused in toilet flushing, gardening etc. and the wastewater generated from the industries is 5.7 MLD, which is treated in their respective Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) on the bases of advance and zero discharge concept. The treated water is reuse for industries like cooling, heat exchangers, boilers, cleaning equipment s etc. Page 3-135

155 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN vi. Solid Waste Management and Hazardous Waste Management Project proponent will establish and maintain storage facilities in such a manner as they do not create unhygienic and unsanitary conditions around it. Following criteria shall be taken into account while establishing and maintaining storage facilities, namely Storage facilities, to be set up by project proponent authorities or any other agency, shall be so designed that wastes stored are not exposed to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly; Storage facilities or bins shall have easy to operate design for handling, transfer and transportation of waste. Bins for storage of bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black; Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper precaution with due care for safety of workers. vii. Traffic Management Measures Vehicle movement will be regulated inside the site with adequate roads and parking lots. The layout plan of the proposed site has been planned to develop an internal road network in such a manner that it integrates the whole proposed project in an interesting composition to built masses and open spaces with a pedestrian dominated movement pattern. Entry point to the proposed project site has been worked out keeping in view of the desired movement of vehicles on the main approach road and road network around the site. Main entry to the project is planned from the approach road on the northern and eastern side. An adequately wide driveway to cater to one-way traffic has been planned inside the project site. viii. Fire Safety Measures: Firefighting system to the proposed building is designed based on the recommendations of NBC Following safety measures are envisaged. Automatic detection and Alarm System Manually Operated Electric Fire Alarm System Automatic Sprinkler System External Yard Hydrant Wet Riser/ Hydrant Page 3-136

156 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN Fire Extinguisher Hose Reel ix. Human Health and Safety Management Plan The objective is to ensure that the health and safety of on site personnel is proactively managed during the construction stage of the project. Below given are the proposed project related human health and safety environmental concerns and its management. The primary concern on potential health risks for the construction workers and other employees on site during construction are associated with drinking water quality. The project would ensure safe potable water supply to the workers on site. Construction site will be provided with a readily available first aid kit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances. Suitable transport to take injured or sick person to the nearest hospital will be immediately provided. The project will ensure the safe working of all workers. Workers will be provided with safety gadgets and enforce to wear it during the construction work. This will include protective foot wear, helmets and gloves to all workers employed for the work on mixing, engaged in welding works; earplugs to workers exposed to loud noise; safety belt to the labors working at higher platforms and face masks to avoid dust. The project will strictly follow the statutory child labor act. The project will also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of paste or readymade paint. Facemasks will be provided for use to the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray. Adequate safety measures will be ensured for workers during handling of materials at site. The project will comply with all regulation regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations and safe means of entry and exit. The project will take adequate precautions to prevent danger from electrical equipment s. No material will be so stacked or placed to cause danger or inconvenience to any person or the public. All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standard Code, it will be free from patent defect and will be kept in good working condition, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision Page 3-137

157 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN To maintain hygienic conditions in the site during construction phase, suitable toilet facilities will be provided for workers separately. Also sewage generated during construction phase will be treated in septic tank and soak pit to avoid impact on ground water. Work spots will be maintained clean and provided with optimum lighting. x. Energy Saving Measures Power savings methods are adopted as per energy conservation: Use of loss transformers total losses will be 1.19% of the rating of the transformers Temperature sensors with visible temperature indicators in the switch boards Check metering at various locations to check the power consumption and power loss if any. Suitable rating and size cables selection to limit the total power distribution losses less than 1% Solar water heater for pre heating water required for bathing and cooking. Use of high efficiency hybrid chillers (water and air cooled) and variable speed drivers. xi. DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN BELT Green belt is plantation of trees for reducing the pollution as they absorb both gaseous and particulate pollutant, thus removing them from atmosphere. Green plants form a surface capable of absorbing air pollutants and forming sinks for pollutants. It balances the ecological environment, prevents soil erosion, improves the aesthetic value of local environment and provides possible habitats for birds and animals, thus creating hospitable nature in urban areas. Greenbelts in and around urban areas have probably not saved any lives, but they are important nonetheless to the ecological health of any given region. The various plants and trees in greenbelts serve as organic sponges for various forms of pollution, and as storehouses of carbon dioxide to help offset global warming. a) Horticulture While making choice of plant species for cultivation in green belts, weightage has to be given to the natural factor of bio-climate. It is also presumed that the selected plants will be grown as per normal horticultural practice. A standard horticultural practice involves planting of saplings in proper dimensions for smaller trees and shrubs. The pits are then filled with earth, sand, silt and manure in pre- Page 3-138

158 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN determined proportions. The growing plants are cared for the first three years under favorable conditions of climate and drainage. Hence it is safe to assume that trees and bushes grown as green belt components in areas under human control will have overcome the limitations imposed by soil characters to a great extent. Limitations imposed by climatic conditions on the other hand cannot be overcome and hence will have to be taken into account while selecting species for plantation in different bio-climatic conditions. b) Plantation along Roadsides Automobiles may be considered as ground level, mobile sources of pollution of both typesgaseous as well as particulate. Components of green belts on road sides hence should be both absorbers of gases as well as of dust particles, including even lead particulates. Choice of plants for roadside plantations may be for containment of pollution and for formation of a screen between traffic and roadside residences. This choice of plants should include shrubs of height m and tree of 3-5 m height. The intermixing of trees and shrubs should be such that the foliage area density in vertical is almost uniform. Since safety of traffic is a major consideration, shrubs in roads will have to be short enough to be below the eye level of motorists. c) Plants for Green Belt Development All tolerant plants are not necessarily good for green belts e.g. Xerophytes with sunken stomata can withstand pollution by avoidance but are poor absorbers of pollutants due to low gaseous exchange capacity. Therefore selection of plants is very important in green belt development for effective removal of suspended particulate matter and for absorption of gases. The Landscape Diagram of the proposed project will be planned after the allotments of industries. 8.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION Environmental monitoring and other mitigation measures as proposed in the above sections shall be implemented by the Project Proponent during the construction and operation period. The operational cost comes to around 38.5 Lakhs. The detailed budget provisions are presented in Table 8.1. Page 3-139

159 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGAEMENT PLAN Table 8.1: EMP &Environmental Management Cost S. Capital Cost(in Lakhs) Operational Cost in Description of Item No. lakhs per annum 1 Construction of STP Air Quality mitigation measure Greenbelt Development Energy Conservation measures Solid Waste Management Water conservation measures Environmental monitoring Total Page 3-140

160 ADDITIONAL CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY 9. ADDITIONAL CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY 9.1 INTRODUCTION Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) is a wholly owned infrastructure agency of Government of Karnataka, set up under Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Act of This Board functions as per statutory provisions, rules and regulations enacted there under. The Board comprises of senior government officers in their ex-officio capacities. The Board of members meet regularly to take decisions and monitor the functions. KIADB holds pride in being the first government organisation in Karnataka to obtain ISO 9001 certification in the year Now the KIADB is following ISO 9001:2000 module covering its functions of Land Acquisition, Development and Allotment functions in Bangalore Urban and Rural districts. Figure 9.1: Organisation Chart Page 141