Necessity of understanding the global energy system

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1 Necessity of understanding the global energy system Mika Anttonen 1 11/22/2017 Necessity of understanding the global energy system

The global energy challenge Energy Demand (Mtoe) Current Policies Scenario Fuel 2020 2030 2040 Coal 4

Bioenergy 1 540 1 695 1 834 Other Renewable 319 535 809 Total 14 819 17 183 19 636 IEA: World Energy

2 The global energy challenge Energy Demand (Mtoe) Current Policies Scenario Fuel Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Bioenergy Other Renewable Total IEA: World Energy Outlook 2016 SOURCE: BP Energy Outlook 2016 edition 2 11/22/2017 Necessity of understanding the global energy system

3 World Electricity generation outlook * /22/2017 Necessity of understanding the global energy system * IEA, World Energy Outlook 2016

Resulting Global Consequences Bottlenecks of the decarbonization through

11.2017 Carbon Farming Global warming Problems of the CCS have not been solved

Population growth Worsening living conditions (desertification, erosion, aridity

tt/lifestyle/2017-06-21/refugees-share-their-stories, https://www.crossculture.

4 Resulting Global Consequences Bottlenecks of the decarbonization through renewable energy Limited biomass amount Energy storage Distillation curve Carbon Farming Global warming Problems of the CCS have not been solved Carbon sequestration into biomass Increasing and uncontrolled migration Population growth Worsening living conditions (desertification, erosion, aridity etc.) Images Petroleum & Biofuels Association Finland

5 What should be done? 1. Strong increase of biological carbon sinks 2. Restrictions for the production of fossil fuels 3. R&D to create environmentally sound solutions, which are affordable to people in developing countries 4. Social responsibility for developing countries focusing on education of women and girls and preventing climate refugee crisis 5. Critical self review and scaling down of current Western consumer behaviour 5 11/22/2017 Necessity of understanding the global energy system

6 Balancing Global Carbon Cycle Carbon capture from atmosphere = payment of carbon debt eg. 10 % of 750 billion tons of carbon = 75 billion tons of carbon forest size equals 83 % of Sahara * Fossil fuel carbon offset 6 billion tons of carbon compensation forest of 60 million ha planted annually * Balance deforestation and land use change 0.9 billion tons of carbon replacement forest of 9 million ha planted annually * * capturing CO 2 during ~ 20 years of lifecycle Note! Probably the biggest source of confusion and errors in climate discussions concerns carbon versus carbon dioxide. One ton of carbon equals 3.67 tons of CO 2 The central climate number is the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide 1 Pg = 1 billion tons Carbon Farming Source

ENERGY PRODUCTION WATER PRODUCTION IRRIGATION SYSTEM Biomass

Electricity and Thermal Energy Sea Desalination Waste water

Furniture & Houses Agro-Forest Area Carbon Sink Biomass Food DEMO

whole forest (and bioproducts) Electricity and Thermal Energy

2017 Carbon Farming Images https://cleantechnica.

7 ENERGY PRODUCTION WATER PRODUCTION IRRIGATION SYSTEM Biomass Potable Carbon Farming Concept Solar Field(s) Geothermal Plant(s) Electricity and Thermal Energy Sea Desalination Waste water treatment Drop-by Drop Storage Long-term Bioproducts eg. Furniture & Houses Agro-Forest Area Carbon Sink Biomass Food DEMO PROJECT t yearly carbon sink (CO2) addition from roots or whole forest (and bioproducts) Electricity and Thermal Energy Biomass Conversion to Biocrude Biocrude Biocarbon Carbon Farming Images /desalination-by-the-numbers/, St1

8 ENERGY PRODUCTION WATER PRODUCTION IRRIGATION SYSTEM Biomass Potable Carbon Farming Concept Solar Field(s) Geothermal Plant(s) Electricity and Thermal Energy Sea Desalination Wastewater Treatment and Biogas production water Drop-by-Drop Storage water Long-term Bioproducts eg. Furniture & Houses Agro-Forest Area Carbon Sink Food DEMO PROJECT t yearly carbon sink (CO 2 ) addition from roots or whole forest (and bioproducts) Biomass Electricity and Thermal Energy Biomass Conversion to Biocrude Biocrude Biocarbon Carbon Farming

TARGET OF THE DEMO PROJECT Carbon Farming Annual carbon sink 100 000 t CO 2 captured 5

Size of 5 000 ha agroforest Potable water water is gained from waste water treatment,

sesame, durra, wheat, sugar cane) Biomass and CO 2 Bioproducts Energy

Liquid biofuels Biocarbon or biochar Energy is collected from the sun by using solar

org/soybean-wheat-cropping-sequence/#.wctrgsgjguk, https://www.researchgate.

9 TARGET OF THE DEMO PROJECT Carbon Farming Annual carbon sink t CO 2 captured ha agroforest (size depends on selected case and growth conditions) Food Size of ha agroforest Potable water water is gained from waste water treatment, precipitation and desalination Intercropping for food (eg. sesame, durra, wheat, sugar cane) Biomass and CO 2 Bioproducts Energy Afforestation/reforestation CO 2 capture Saw mill raw material (for furniture, houses) Liquid biofuels Biocarbon or biochar Energy is collected from the sun by using solar PV or CSP Geothermal energy Carbon Farming Images google.com,

10 Let's make Sahara green again Image

Carbon Farming Let s Make Sahara Green Again

Carbon Farming Let s Make Sahara Green Again Rakennusten energiaseminaari Finlandia-talo 4.10.2017 St1 Mika Anttonen 1 4.10.2017 Carbon Farming The Global Energy Challenge 2 4.10.2017 Carbon Farming World