3RINCs & SWAPI 2014 The application of MFA/SFA for decision making in resource and waste management

Transcription

1 3RINCs & SWAPI 214 The application of MFA/SFA for decision making in resource and waste management Paul H. Brunner Vienna University of Technology

2 First MFA by Santorio 16 th century: human metabolism input = output? 2/2

3 The balance does not close what happens at night? 3/2

4 Typical lessons learned from Santorio and early MFA: 1. How to measure? > MFA and balance principle 2. Balance does not close! > uncertainty > systems understanding 3. What do the results serve for? > cure the patient > MFA requires a goal! 4/2

5 Following generations of MFA ( ) Regional and national MFA > Metabolism of cities (Duvigneaud et al, 1977) > National TMR MFA (Wuppertal Institute a.o.) Mainly descriptive, not on an operational level yet 5/2

6 From MFA to SFA (198 2) Substance level > crucial for resources and environment Regional SFA > Ayres, Stigliani, Baccini, and others MFA/SFA on all scales: > molecular to global > static to dynamic (cf. ES&T Müller et al, 214) Software STAN, SIMBOX, and others 6/2

7 MFA/SFA today Exploration phase completed! MFA/SFA a tool for: > problem solving > decision making MFA/SFA applied for: > Resource management > Waste management > Environmental management MFA/SFA requires assessment methods like LCA! 7/2

8 Example 1: Decision making for plastic recycling PBDE/BFRs in video tapes (5/5) (Hirai et al, BFR 27.) PBDE in children toys (Chen et al, ES&T, 29) PBDEs in coffee cup (J. Samsonek & F. Puype, FAC, 213) 8/2

9 Identifying the problem by MFA/SFA of cpentabde 9/2

10 PBDE in plastics clean cycles and safe final sinks? Eol vehicles.6 t/y X consumption waste construction wastes management 2.6 t/y stock 76 t ( 3.2) stock?? (+ 2.6) X X key system for control recycling X Vyzinkarova et al, 213 Vienna city limits, 212 1/2

11 Ex. 2: From single processes to complex systems Decision making in waste management How to find the best waste management system? Define goals Select indicators and criteria (resources & emissions) Comprehensive MFA/SFA model (flows and stocks > resources & emissions) Evaluation of results (LCA, SCE, and others) Scenario analysis > Optimized wm system > transparent and reproducible process > acceptance of stakeholders 11/2

12 MFA / SFA for decision making in waste management I Import: 57, kt/yr Stock 12, kt/yr Export 45, kt/yr 4,4 Recycling Emissions transport Maintenance resource OT Waste OT 45 16, Other (OT 12, , Re-use Waste export Emissions OT Products OT Export OT Resources for maintenance Waste 7,6 49, Contribution waste and maintenance resources Waste TT Maint. res. TT Waste CTP-TT Waste OT-BT Waste BT Maint. res. BT Waste OT-TT 2,4 6, 16 Waste BT-TT 28 3,4 2, Thermal (TT) 93 Biological (BT) 9, ,1 Emissions TT Products TT Export TT Emissions BT Products BT Export BT Imported waste 11 Goods Flows in 1, t/yr Stock in 1, t Waste TT-LF Waste OT-LF Waste LF Maint. res. LF Waste CPT Maintenance resource CPT Waste BT-LF 84 1,2 9,4 1, Landfill (LF) +12, 16 Chemicophysical (CPT) 1, Emissions LF Products LF Export LF Emissions CPT Products CPT Export CPT System boundary Waste Management Austria, 21 12/2

13 MFA / SFA for decision making in waste management II Import: 3,5 kt/yr Stock kt/yr Export 3,5 kt/yr Waste OT-BT 28 Waste input to biological Waste to sorting 2,3 Sorting Maintenance resource CP Waste CP 1,5 Digestate 2 Maintenance 26 resource BP Waste BP 79 WastedirecttpBP 57 Composting plant (CP) Biogas plant (BP) Sorting waste 68 Products CP 76 Residues CP 14 Emissions CP 84 Products BP 38 Digestate BP 73 Emissions CP Output from biological Transport BT 1,4 Transport from biological Waste BT-LF Waste BT-TT Maintenance resource to BT WastetoBT 3,4 WastetoMBT 55 Input mechanicalbiological waste (MBT) Waste MBT 55 Waste MBTm-MBTb MBTmechanical (MBTm) 25 MBTbiological (MBTb) Products MBTm 11 Waste MBTm 28 Emissio. MBTm Products MBTb Waste MBTb 18 Emissions MBTb ,1 Emissions BT Products BT Goods Flows in 1, t/yr Stock in 1, t Subsystem Biological, 21 13/2

14 MFA / SFA tomorrow MFA/SFA for optimizing the Metabolism of the Anthroposphere > the activity concept using MFA/SFA > more service and less material turnover Linking MFA and economics > using MFA/SFA to optimize industrial processes 14/2

15 The activity concept using MFA Material turnover in European private households to satisfy basic human needs activity input output stock [t/c.y] sewage off gas solid residues [t/c.y] [t/c] to nourish 5,7,9 4,7,1 <,1 to clean 6 6,2,1 to reside 1 7, to transport 1 6 1, Total turnover , /2

16 Activity concept How to satisfy basic human needs in view of changing technology and economy? Example to transport 16/2

17 Activity concept How to satisfy the need for transportation in view of limited resources of Lithium? energy density [Wh/kg] Pb accumulators,1 conventional condensators, power density [W/kg] *Signorelli, Schindall, Kassakian LithiumPo Ultra condensators 1 kw/kg 6 Wh/kg nanotube* condensators 1. 17/2

18 MFA / SFA tomorrow Optimizing the Metabolism of the Anthroposphere > the activity concept using MFA/SFA > more service and less material turnover Linking MFA and economics > using MFA/SFA to optimize industrial processes 18/2

19 Linking material flows and cost flows Import 45 /p Change in stock -26 /p Export 476 /p Educt 1 Educt 2 Solvent 1 Solvent 2 Solvent 3 Educt 3 Educt 4 Educt 5 Educt 6 Educt 7 Educt 8 Educt 9 Educt 1 Solvent 3 Solvent 2 Educt 11 Educt 12 Educt 13 Auxilary material 1 Solvent Subsystem production Intermediate product Subsystem production intermediate product 2 Semifinished product Semifinished product 22 8 Production semifinished product Production intermediate product 5 Semifinished product Semifinished product 5 Auxillary material 2 Auxillary material 3 Auxillary material 4 Auxillary material 5 Production intermediate product 12 Disposal cost for evaporated solvents 7 Disposal cost for evaporated solvents 7 2 Disposal costs Aux. material Semifinished product Production 438 intermediate Production product 13 final good Thermal postcombustion -14 Disposal costs 16 1 Waste management -12 Panel Flows [ /unit of good] System boundary production of panels, /2

20 Conclusions Input equals output transparent and rigid methodology Substance level decisive All scales from household to planet Future indispensable tool for : > early recognition > assessing and solving metabolic problems > designing new strategies and concepts > new knowledge base about metabolism > governance! 2/2

21 Recycling is not is the final sink

22 Activity to clean which substances are appropriate? NPnEO Input:.3 Mol/c.y NP NPnEO sewering system 4 18 sewage plant,7 1 Surface waters 5 n.d. Nonylphenol [ g/c.y ] (figures in italic stand for NPnEO) system boundary phh > sludge " sludge 27 NP Ouput:.12 Mol/c.y Nonylphenolpolyethoxylat NPnEO (O ) n OH cultivated soil +3 (3 mg/m²y) 24 C 9 H 19 22/2

23 MFA / SFA for decision making in waste management III From MFA to SFA: carbon flows from thermal waste Import: 1,7 kt/yr Stock kt/yr Export 1,7 kt/yr Waste to TT Maintenance resource TT 1,7 ~ Waste input to thermal Maintenance resource TT MSW Waste TT MSW 62 Maintenance resource TT Waste TT 1,1 Thermal MSW Thermal other waste Products TT MSW Waste TT MSW 8.1 Emissions TT MSW 61 Products TT Waste TT 54 Emissions TT 1, Waste output from thermal Transport TT 43 Transport to landfill 1, Emissions TT Products TT Export TT Waste TT-LF System boundary Thermal Austria, 21 Carbon Flows in 1, t/yr Stock in 1, t 23/2

24 The application of MFA for decision making in resource and waste management Analysis, evaluation, design (examples for all three) Goal oriented, the phase of methodological development is over: there must be a problem stated in order to solve it with MFA Which problems can be solved: all problems, but for which MFA is effective??? 1. The law on conservation of matter: input equals output 2. What is MFA: goods and substances 3. All scales from person to planet 4. For waste management 5. For regional materials management 6. Environmental management 7. Resource management 8. For governance (V.EFB) Mention the surprise about nutrients (MFA of private hh) Mention the surprise of stocks (Lohm) when there were deltas in MFA between I/O