SYNTHETIC METHANOL AND DIMETHYL ETHER PRODUCTION BASED ON HYBRID PV-WIND POWER PLANTS

Transcription

1 SYNTHETIC METHANOL AND DIMETHYL ETHER PRODUCTION BASED ON HYBRID PV-WIND POWER PLANTS Mahdi Fasihi and Christian Breyer Neo-Carbon Energy 8th Researchers Seminar Lappeenranta, August 23-25, 2017

2 Agenda Motivation Methodology Results Summary 2

3 Motivation Methanol increasing demand feedstock for chemical industry fuel DME an attractive substitute for diesel high cetane number soot-free combustion Problems fossil based material global warming, COP21 and national targets 100% direct electrification impossible fluctuating RE and energy storage 3

4 Motivation Methanol and DME can be generated synthetically PtMeOH and PtDME, emerging technologies non-diminishing resources costs stable or declining no costs for harmful emissions (CO 2, etc.) energy storage a step towards fuel security Sites with excellent solar and wind energy can be used to power PtX systems. Cost and generation potential in 2030? 4

5 Agenda Motivation Methodology Results Summary 5

6 Methodology Possible Production Routes 6

7 Methodology Chosen Production Routes Single-unit methanol synthesis net reaction: CO 2 + 3H 2 CH 3 OH + H 2 O Single-unit methanol or DME synthesis has higher energy and economic efficiency Methanol would be still produced as an intermediate in DME production Single-unit DME synthesis net reaction: 2CO 2 + 6H 2 CH 3 OCH 3 + 3H 2 O 7

8 Methodology RE-PtMeOH/DME Value Chain Key insights: Substitution of the fossil-based chemicals value chain by a RE basis Integrated heating system two electricity storage option Dashed lines represent fluctuating flows Continuous lines represent steady flows 8

9 Methodology Annual Basis Model: A case study with equal installed capacities of PV single-axis tracking and Wind with 6840 annual cumulative FLh (for the site of Argentina). No storage option or transmission line is included. Hourly Basis Model: Optimised configuration of PV (fixed tilted and single-axis tracking), wind power, storage options (battery, PtG-GtP), electricity transmission lines and PtX plants facilities (electrolyser, CO 2 DAC, desalination and synthesis plant), based on an hourly potential of solar and wind in a spatial resolution for the least cost fuel production. The datasets for solar irradiation components and wind speed are taken from NASA databases. Feed-in time series of wind power plants are calculated for standard 3 MW wind turbines (E-101) with hub height conditions of 150 meters. weighed average PV and Wind hourly generation profile for Iran 9

10 Agenda Motivation Methodology Results Summary 10

11 Results Energy Flow & Mass Balance Electrolyser is the main electricity consumer PtH 2 eff.: 84% (HHV) Oxygen available for sale on respective O 2 markets Heat pump decreases direct electricity consumption PtMeOH overall efficiency eff.: 52.5% (LHV) PtDME overall efficiency eff.: 54.3% (LHV) 11

12 Results Cost Distribution for the Case Study (Annual Basis Model) With the same feedstock cost, DME synthesis plant (SP) cost would be about 21% more per output energy. Methanol production cost: 422 /tonne (66.35 /MWh th,hhv ) DME production cost: 617 /tonne (70.15 /MWh th,hhv ) Electricity saving by heat pump has decreased the cost of CO 2 from 66.3 /tonne to 57.8 /tonne. 12

13 Results Hourly Basis Analysis: Full load hours sites with cumulative FLh higher than 4500 have been taken into account as they have the lowest LCOE PV single-axis tracking provides higher FLh than PV fixed-tilted wind FLh are much higher than PV FLh due to 24h harvesting Patagonia, Somalia and Tibet have the highest cumulative FLh globally 13

14 Results Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) sites of high FLh of PV or Wind plants have the lowest LCOE LCOE of PV single-axis tracking is about 4-5 /MWh cheaper than LCOE of PV fixed tilted, and even more relevant more FLh (20-30%) on a least cost basis Atacama Desert reaches PV LCOE of close to /MWh Patagonia reaches wind LCOE of close to /MWh 14

15 Results LCOE for Cost-optimised PtX Systems 15 optimal combination of PV and Wind for hybrid PV-Wind plants to achieve an optimal combination of LCOE and FLh for downstream PtX plants No fixed tilted PV would be installed, while PV-Wind ratio is even in most regions topsitesintheworldmayreachhybridpv-windlcoe of /MWh Long distance power lines may be too expensive for harvesting electricity far away from the cost top sites in the world are usually located at coast and can deliver electricity to PtX plants at costs of about /MWh

16 Results Sources of Additional LCOE distance to coast and consequently electricity transmission cost are determinative factors which can block a fuel export case for long distances to the coast with a high share of PV, such as Tibet, more battery installations, balance the system for a lower electricity transmission cost excess electricity due to overlap and curtailments (to optimize the capacity of transmission lines and PtX plants) 16

17 Results Levelised Cost of Fuel (LCOF) LCOF as a function of LCOE and FLh of plants components regions not so far from the coast are generally a better place due to lower electricity transmission cost Patagonia, Somalia, Western Sahara and the coasts of Australia and Brazil produce the cheapest methanol within the range of /tonne. DME production cost is about /tonne more expensive for each site, depending on the corresponding LCOE. 17

18 Results Optimised Methanol and DME Production Potential Global methanol demand maximum 10% of the land allowed to be used for PV and Wind each DME generation potential in each area would be about 71.9% of methanol generation potential in that area methanol demand in 2030 could be met at production costs less than 480 /tonne 20 /tonne O2 profite and 61 /tonne CO2 emission cost would improve the attractivness of RE-methanol and RE-DME European methanol wholesale market has experienced prices higher than 300 /tonne in the last decade shipping costs and market competitiveness to be studied in the next phase of this research

19 Agenda Motivation Methodology Results Summary 19

20 Summary The idea is to use hybrid PV-Wind electricity to produce RE-MeOH and RE-DME Methanol is one of the most widely used chemicals in industry with a growing potential as a fuel With no carbon-carbon bonde and high ecetane number, RE-DME could be a potential carbon neutral soot-free substitution for diesel RE-MeOH and RE-DME are non-diminishing fossil carbon neutral chemicals and fuels, which will insure both fuel security and environmental issues. In Patagonia, methanol could be produced with a cost of 400 /tonne in 2030 O 2 as the by-product of the electrolyser can play a significant role to decrease the cost. Natural gas based methanol could be subjected to CO 2 emission cost, which along with high crude oil prices could provide a business case for RE-MeOH or RE-DME. Thank you for your attention! 20

21 NEO-CARBON Energy project is one of the Tekes strategy research openings and the project is carried out in cooperation with Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT Ltd, Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) and University of Turku, Finland Futures Research Centre.

22 Supplementary Material Power sector and feedstock (CO 2 and water) key specifications in 2030 device unit 2030 device unit 2030 PV fixed-tilted Wind energy (onshore) Capex /kw p 480 Capex /kw 1000 Opex % of capex p.a. 1.5 Opex % of capex p.a. 2 Lifetime years 35 Lifetime years 25 PV single-axis tracking Transmission Line Capex /kw p 530 Capex /kw/km Opex % of capex p.a. 1.5 Opex /(kw km a) Lifetime years 35 Lifetime years 50 Battery Efficiency %/1000km 98.4 Capex /kwh el 150 Converter Pair Stations Opex /(kwh a) 3.75 Capex /kw 180 Opex var /kwh Opex /(kw ) 1.8 Lifetime years 20 Lifetime years 50 Cycle efficiency % 93 / 95 Efficiency %/station pair 98.6 device unit 2030 device unit 2030 CO 2 capture plant SWRO Desalination Capex /(t CO2 a) 228 Capex /(m 3 day) 814 Opex % of capex p.a. 4 Opex % of capex p.a. 4 Lifetime years 30 Lifetime years 30 Electricity demand kwh el /t CO2 225 Electricity consumption kwh/m Heat demand kwh th /t CO Water extraction eff. % 45 22

23 Supplementary Material Heat pump and synthetic fuels sector key specifications in 2030 device unit amount Methanol and DME synthesis plants energy and mass balance. Electrical Compression Heat Pump input output Capex /kwh th 590 CO 2 H 2 el. fuel Opex fix /(kwh th a) 2 unit tonne tonne kwh tonne Opex var /kwh th Methanol SP Lifetime years 25 DME SP COP - 3 Alkaline Electrolyser Capex /kw el 328 Opex fix % of capex p.a. 4 Methanol and DME synthesis plants key specification. Opex var /kwh Capex Opex Lifetime Availability Lifetime years 30 unit k /MW % of capex p.a. years h EtH 2 eff. (HHV) % 84 Methanol SP Electricity-to-heat % of inlet E 8 DME SP