EUROSTAT DIMESA Workshop

Transcription

1 EUROSTAT DIMESA Workshop Session Needs and uses of Environmental Accounts for policy Luxembourg 24 April 2013 OECD EPR of Italy 2013, SEEA and E.A. Aldo Ravazzi Douvan Italian Ministry of Environment, Land & Sea OECD-WPEP Co-Chair (Working Party on Environmental Performance country reviews)

2 Session Needs and uses of Environmental Accounts for policy Questions to be answered: a Do you use Environmental accounts data? b For what purpose do you use the data? Ex. c What are the main drawbacks that restrict the use of this data? d What are the advantages of using it? e For future developments, which are the most important gaps you can identify? f Other recommendations?

3 OECD membership 34 Member Countries: 21 out of 27 EU (No: LT-LV-RO-BU-MT-CY) 5 other Europeans (NOR-ICE-SWI-TUR-ISR) 4 Americans (USA-CAN-MEX-CHL) 4 Pacific (JAP-KOR-ASL-NZE) Others may join soon - Russia in accession process; - others expected: e.g. Colombia 5 Key Partners : BIICS

4 OECD core business Economic analysis (public policy oriented) Data, statistics, indicators. Peer reviews (Economic, Environmental Performance, Innovation, Education, Aid, ) Exchange of best practices Standardization, methodologies, guidelines. Recommendations, rarely Decisions, sometimes International Agreements (Bruxelles competition for EU countries)

5 OECD EPRs Environmental Performance Reviews (1) MANDATE and HISTORY 1991 mandate OECD Ministerial meetings, G7 Summit 2001 mandate update: OECD Ministerial meetings Now: 70 reviews completed, including Russia, China, South Africa (in preparation), Pol-Cze-Slo-Hun-Chile (preparing the accession) One EPR every 9-10 y. (Economic every m.) PEER REVIEWS A core OECD function (e.g. ECO, ENV, AID, ENERGY) WPEP (i.e. 34 countries representatives) Helping Governments judge, make progress Policy dialogue

6 OECD EPRs Environmental Performance Reviews (2) SUBSTANTIVE FOCUS Environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency Sustainable development and Green Growth in practice SD & GG institutional arrangements Institutional integration (e.g. strategic, planning, programming, project levels) Market-based sectoral integration (ex. prices, taxes, subsidies) Innovation promotion International commitments Global, regional, bilateral, OECD Acts

7 OECD EPRs Environmental Performance Reviews (3) ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OECD indicators, CEI, KEI, SEI, DEI National indicators Only one tool for analysis among several Interpretation in context Inter-country comparison PEER REVIEW PROCESS Preparation stage Mission (by review team: OECD + MC experts) Peer review (by WPEP: discussion&recommendations) In country publication and launch Follow-up and Monitoring (MTR by reviewed country)

8 OECD EPRs Environmental Performance Reviews (4) PROMOTING A RESULT ORIENTED GOVERNANCE Accountability and performance: - domestic and international commitments - environmental credibility of governments (public opinion, other governments) Analysing: intentions/actions/results Objectives: aims/goals/targets Measuring: targets and indicators Balancing results: achievements/challenges PROMOTING AN EVIDENCE BASED GOVERNANCE Pressure, state, response (PSR) Physical and economic facts Data and indicators Interpretation of the facts

9 OECD EPRs Environmental Performance Reviews (5) PROMOTING GREEN GROWTH Recognizing the planetary boundaries Avoiding to put at risk ecosystems and resources fundamental for economic activity and development Reorienting the economy on sustainable paths Promoting innovation favourable to sustainability Improving measurement of welfare and growth Using Green Growth Indicators Contributing to growth in green sectors and greening traditional sectors

10 Questions to be answered: a Do you use Environmental accounts data? - Yes we do! - Importance of data, looking for data - M. Jourdain, prose, Bourgeois Gentilhomme b For what purpose do you use the data? Ex. - Analysis - Comparison - Let s fly through an OECD presentation of an EPR (Italy 2013 Launch, Rome 8 March 2013)

11 GHG emissions per capita (2009) t/cap OECD SWE ITA FRA GBR JPN DEU CAN USA

12 Decoupling 1990 = Total primary energy supply GHG emissions Kyoto target GDP CO 2 emissions from energy use Note: GHG emissions excluded emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry. GDP at 2005 prices and purchasing power parities. CO 2 emissions from energy use only; sectoral approach. Excludes international marine and aviation bunkers.

13 Trends in CO2 intensity OECD 0.30 Italy t/1 000 USD (2005 prices and PPPs)

14 Campania Lazio Apulia Molise Umbria Sardinia Liguria Sicily Friuli Venezia Giulia Calabria Aosta Valley Emilia-Romagna Tuscany Abruzzo Piedmont Veneto Basilicata Marche Lombardy Trentino-Alto Adige Italy OECD CO2 emission intensity by region 2000 and 2008 tonnes/1 000 USD (2005 prices and PPPS) 2008 South Centre North 2000

15 Trends in GHG emissions in Italy by sector ( ) Mt CO 2 eq Transport Other energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste

16 Air emissions trends ( ) 1990 = GDP CO 2 from energy use NH 3 NMVOCs NOx SOx

17 PM2.5 emissions, tonnes Industrial processes Miscellaneous Other combustion Industrial combustion Power stations Other mobile Road

18 Urban exposure to air pollution by ozone and particulates, O 3 µg/m 3. days 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 PM 10 µg/m O 3 (left axis) d PM 10 (right axis) e EU27 O3 Italy O3 EU27 PM Italy PM

19 Greening Electricity generation a source of green growth? TWh Coal and coal products Oil Natural gas Renewables

20 Renewable energy supply by source, Mtoe 20 Solar and wind 15 Biofuels and waste 10 5 Geothermal Hydro

21 Electricity generation from renewable sources, 2011 Geothermal 6.7% Solar 12.8% Wind 12.1% Hydro 55.3% Primary solid biofuels 3.1% Other biofuels and waste 9.9% Total 83.8 TWh

22 Investment in renewable energy New investment renewable energy, 2011 (USD bn) 2012: Italian investment down 51% to 14.7 bn Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance RES = 28.4% of electricity generation & 12.6% of TPES in

23 Environmentally related taxes 2010 Italy State, 2010 Canada France Germany Japan United Kingdom United States OECD Europe OECD % of GDP % of total tax revenue

24 Average tax rates on CO2 and carbon efficiency in OECD countries Italy

25 Environmentally related taxes 2010 % Composition, Energy products Motor vehicles and transport Other

26 4% Change in non-energy domestic material consumption (DMC) and GDP in selected OECD countries, % yearly change 3% 2% 1% 0% -1% -2% -3% -4% Sweden France United States OECD Canada Italy Germany United Kingdom Japan Non-energy domestic material consumption GDP

27 20 15 Trends in municipal waste generation in selected OECD countries, % OECD Sweden Canada Italy France United States United Kingdom Germany Japan

28 Water abstraction estimates by main uses OECD Italy Industry 8% Public water supply 15% Public water supply 19% Manufactur ing industry 17% Other uses 35% Irrigation 42% Other uses 14% Irrigation 50%

29 Freshwater use (2009) a Abstraction per capita Intensity of use Israel 220 Israel 86.4 Germany 390 Germany 27.6 Turkey 570 Turkey 17.8 Australia 640 Australia 3.6 Italy 910 Italy 30.0 United States United States m 3 / capita a) Or latest available year. Source: OECD, Environment Directorate abstraction as % of internal resources 29

30 Key Recommendations: Italy - OECD EPR 2013 Prepare a green growth strategy that provides a clear, coherent and sufficiently long-term policy framework to spur investment in the green economy; Strengthen links between disbursement of regional development funds and the achievement of targets; Simplify costly environmental requirements while reinforcing efforts to combat environmental crime; For managing water resources: apply economic instruments more systematically and streamline institutional arrangements; Expand and restructure environmentally-related taxes; remove environmentally harmful tax concessions

31 Questions for discussion c What are the main drawbacks that restrict the use of this data? -Non availability of many --- Human and financial resources --- Methodological problems (e.g. ecosystems) - Knowledge & understanding by policymakers - Timeliness (economic vs. environmental data) d What are the advantages of using it? - unlimited - measuring, comparing, monitoring - convergence of the scientific community

32 Questions for discussion e For future developments, which are the most important gaps you can identify? 1.Green Growth vs. Greener Growth (Green Economy vs. Greener Economy) Green Jobs vs. Greener Jobs Green Industry vs. Greener Industry Ex.1 Green Chemistry Ex.2 Underground /Metro Green Growth Indicators

33 Questions for discussion e For future developments, which are the most important gaps you can identify? 2. Environmental Taxes Extension to tariffs/charges/fees (Give a value/price to environment) Extension to subsidies (EHSs/EFSs) (with priority and urgency to EHSs) Extension to regional/local/city level

34 Questions for discussion e For future developments, which are the most important gaps you can identify? 3. Resource Efficiency Indicators (parallel with and Maastricht?) 4. Biodiversity and Ecosystems (the most challenging) 5. Standardization of company accounts (Environmental Reports, CSR Reports, EPR2 Reports, SD Reports, ) 6. Timeliness (environmental data with same frequency and timing than economic data): the most important for efficient decision-making

35 Questions for discussion f Other recommendations? 1. Value the importance of UN-SEEA and of the EU Regulation on SEEA 2. Exploit the potential of cooperation between National Statistical Offices, Ministries and Environmental Agencies (true also at EU level: ENV, Eurostat, EEA) and IGOs 3. Use the narrative of the parallel of SEEA with the introduction of GDP-GNP statistics, methodological limits, evolution by learning and doing through time. We are correcting markets and measurement, not distorting them