Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,

Transcription

1 Course: Integrated Science 3/4 Unit #3: (DNA & RNA) Instructions for Life Stage 1: Identify Desired Results Enduring Understandings: Students will understand that Nearly all human traits, even many diseases, are inherited in predictable ways. (3.1-3) 2. Various factors ( nature and nurture ) affect the identity of a living organism and how it changes over its lifetime. (3.1-3) 3. Nucleotide monomers created nucleic acid polymers in the form of DNA and RNA. These polymers are then used to assemble protein polymers from available amino acids. 4. Cells can develop in different and complex ways. (3.1-3) 5. Cells store and use genetic information to guide their functions. (3.1) 6. Genes are small segments of the much larger DNA molecule. (3.1) 7. The structure of DNA is a double-helix. Its shape explains how hereditary information is stored and passed along to offspring. (3.1) 8. Changes in DNA (mutations) happen randomly and create the variety of traits seen in populations; it also produces negative effects in the individual. (3.3) Essential Question: What influences your identity and how does it change throughout its lifetime? Focus on Science Practices : Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) 2. Developing and using models 3. Planning and carrying out investigations 4. Analyzing and interpreting data 5. Using math and computational thinking 6. Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering) 7. Engaging in argument from evidence 8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information Mark your level of understanding after completing each activity: A: I am ABLE to do this B: I am BEGINNING to get this C: I still CAN T do this 3.1: Genetic Material & DNA Replication 3.1) I can define key vocabulary terms. Self-check: Record practice Quizlet score here ( %) Minimum 80% 3.2) I can recite the full name of both nucleic acid acronyms (or abbreviations). LS1E (1), LS1G (2) Self-check: Write the full name for both DNA, RNA. Both DNA, RNA DNA: abbreviations are correctly described. RNA: Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,

2 3.3) I can describe how DNA & RNA nucleotides (including mrna, trna, and rrna) are built. LS1E (1), LS1G (2) Self-check: Describe the three parts of both DNA and RNA nucleotides (monomers). A DNA monomer is built from List the three specific subunits of each nucleotide monomer. An RNA monomer is built from Note: DNA and RNA differs in the sugar and bases used to build them. 3.4) I can compare and contrast DNA and RNA (similarities and differences). LS1E (7), LS1G (1,2) Self-check: Describe each nucleic acid in terms of: length, shape, location in cell, type of sugar, and/or its chemical base. DNA only Both RNA only Include 2 similarities and 4 differences ) I can identify the nitrogenous (bases) found in the DNA and RNA code. LS1E (3) Self-check: List the four nitrogenous bases (and abbreviations) found in the DNA and RNA. DNA is made from these four nitrogenous bases: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Correctly list the nitrogenous bases for both nucleic acids. 2. RNA is made from these four nitrogenous bases: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3.6) I can explain that one s genetic code or genotype determines one s physical phenotype (through the process of translation ). LS1E (2,4) Self-check: Correctly fill in all spaces. See Enduring Understanding #3. The sequence of nucleotides ( nitrogenous base abbreviations ) (,,, ) in DNA is the code that determines the sequence of (monomers) in the protein polymer. 6 of 6 spaces correctly filled in Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,

3 3.7) I can explain that genes (made of DNA) are found on chromosomes which are inherited from both parents during sexual reproduction. These genes (when turned on or expressed, create proteins in the cell that show up as the phenotype for a certain trait (e.g. eye color). LS1E (3, 5), LS1H (1) Self-check: Label the diagram below. Label the four boxes of the diagram using A, B, C, or D: A. Chromosome B. Gene C. DNA D. Cell 3.8) I can describe how nucleotide monomers bond (connect) to each other to create either the DNA or RNA polymer (nucleic acid). LS1E (3) Self-check: Circle a single nucleotide monomer. Then, use an arrow to label the bonds connecting each nucleotide monomer within the larger polymer. Locate the three unique places where the bonds hold the DNA molecule together. See LTs 2.4 and 3.3 Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,

4 3.9) I can classify the type of mutation that has affected a segment of DNA code. LS1G (3) Self-check: Compare the normal sequence (below) with each mutation figure. Label each figure accordingly. Include all three categories, each of which is used only once: Deletion 2. Substitution 3. Insertion 3.10) I can explain the process of DNA replication. Self-check: Explain the relationship between the new (daughter strand) and the old (parent strand). Accurately explain visual model; how the parent (old) strand creates the daughter (new) strand. Include terms: Complementary Nucleotide Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,

5 3.2.1) I can define key vocabulary terms. 3.2) Transcription (Encoding the genetic message into RNA) Self-check: Record practice Quizlet score here ( %) Minimum 80% 3.2.2) I can explain how DNA and mrna molecules interact during transcription. LS1E (7) Self-check: Describe how DNA becomes encoded into RNA. Accurately describe the process of transcription only (contained in box) ) I can identify the location in the cell where transcription takes place. LS1E (7) Self-check: The cell location for transcription is... Correctly ID cell location ) I can predict the new strand of mrna that is complementary to the DNA (genetic) code that happens during transcription. LS1E (6) Self-check: Use the base-pairing rules to predict the missing mrna code. Correctly predict 3 of 4 the missing If the DNA code is AGC CGG AAT TTC mrna codons. Then the mrna code will be 3.2.5) I can explain how the DNA code is expressed in mrna and finally as a protein (AKA the Central Dogma). LS1E (3,5), LS1H (3) Self-check: Overall process: Gene (DNA) mrna trna protein Describe the role of each molecule 3.2.6) I can describe the function of mrna during transcription. LS1E (7), LS1G (1) Self-check: Fill in the function of mrna. Correctly RNA Molecule: mrna Function: describes what job mrna does in the cell. Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,

6 3.3) Translation (Decoding the genetic message into protein) 3.3.1) I can define key vocabulary terms. Self-check: Record practice Quizlet score here ( %) Minimum 80% 3.3.2) I can explain the ratio of DNA codons to both RNA codons and the translated (expressed) amino acids (part of the larger protein). LS1E (7), LS1G (1) Self-check: Fill in the blanks. Both evidence statements and claims are accurate. Evidence: #1: This DNA code contains bases. This mrna code contains bases. #2: There are amino acids in the resulting protein. Claims: #1: The ratio of DNA:RNA codons is : #2: The ratio of DNA codon:amino acid monomer is : 3.3.3) I can describe the relationship between DNA nucleotides (A, T, C, G) and the sequence of amino acids in proteins (what happens during translation ). LS1E (2,4), LS1G (1) Self-check: Refer to Figure (above) and explain the relationship between DNA and proteins. Correctly relates both DNA, proteins in statement 3.3.4) I can describe the function of rrna and trna during translation. LS1E (7), LS1G (1) Self-check: Fill in the function of rrna, trna. RNA Molecule: rrna Function: Correctly describes what jobs rrna, trna do in the cell. 2. trna ) I can explain the causes and effects genes being turned on or off. LS1G (2), LS1E (3, 5) Self-check: Genes are turned on or off by molecules other than DNA. Research and identify a gene that is turned on or off and describe the direct cause and effect of this action. Cause: turns the gene ON or OFF Gene Name: Effect: What happens now? The gene is named. 2. A causal event is described. 3. The direct effect is described ) I can explain how mutations cause changes to the final protein product. LS1G (3) Self-check: Refer to Goal 3.9 and explain how changes to the genotype affect the resulting phenotype. Correctly relate mutations in genotype to effect in phenotype. Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,

7 Stage 2: Determine Acceptable Assessment Evidence Performance Task(s): Various vocabulary-building activities Biology of Skin Color film The Stuff of Genes lecture Central Dogma lecture DNA model-building activity Other Evidence (quizzes, tests, prompts, observations, dialogues, work samples, etc.): Essential Question Writing Prompt Science reading assignment Central Dogma worksheet I-We-You Problem Solving Strategy Sessions: Replication, Transcription, Translation Quizlet quizzes (formative) 3.1 Quiz (formative) 3.2 Quiz (formative) 3.3 Quiz (formative) Unit #3 Exam (summative) Student Self-Assessment and Reflection: What I wondered and what I know now Quizlet Vocabulary 3.1 Vocabulary ( Genetic Material ) Adenine: nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA 2. Allele: one of a number of different forms of a gene (e.g. dominant or recessive) 3. Codon: a specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid 4. Cytosine: nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine in both DNA and RNA 5. Deoxyribose: sugar in DNA 6. DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid): deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics 7. Double helix: shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a spring-like structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases 8. Gene: sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait 9. Genotype: genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles (either AA, Aa, or aa) 10. Guanine: nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA 1 Hereditary: all traits passed down from one generation to the next 12. mrna (messenger RNA): messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome 13. Monomer: small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers 14. Mutation: a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule 15. Nucleic acid: very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. It contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life. DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids in the cell 16. Nucleotide: in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,

8 17. Polymer: large compound formed from combinations of many monomers 18. Replication: Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA 19. Ribose: sugar in RNA 20. RNA (RiboNucleic Acid): single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose 2 Thymine: nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with adenine in both DNA and RNA 22. Uracil: nitrogen base found in only in RNA; pairs with adenine in DNA 3.2 Vocabulary ( Transcription ) Complementary: characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other 2. Cytoplasm: the fluid portion of the cell that contains all organelles and dissolved chemicals. 3. Nucleus: The organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell 4. rrna (ribosomal RNA): RNA that helps form the structure of ribosomes 5. Transcription: (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mrna 3.3 Vocabulary ( Translation ) Amino acid: basic building blocks of protein molecules 2. Anti-codon: group of three bases on a trna molecule that are complementary to an mrna codon 3. Dominant: describes the allele that is fully expressed when a single dominant allele is present. e.g. AA or Aa genotypes shows the dominant trait 4. Phenotype: The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genetic make-up 5. Protein: polymer (long chain) built from a combination of amino acid building blocks (monomers) 6. Recessive: describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited 7. Translation: process by which a sequence of nucleic acids in RNA is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids 8. trna (transfer RNA): an RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins,