Francis BOUQUILLON. Rapporteur EIN Working group n 10 «Energy and Environment Policy»

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1 Francis BOUQUILLON Rapporteur EIN Working group n 10 «Energy and Environment Policy»

2 EUROPEAN ENERGY MIX EU-27 Energy Mix with Renewable Energy Sources (2004) about 1800 Mtoe 24,0% 14,4% Solar 0,04% Hydro 1,5% Wind 0,3% 6,4% Biomass and waste 4,20% 36,8% Solid Fuels 18,2% Geothermal 0,30% Sources : European comission DG TREN Eurostat - IEA

3 EUROPEAN ENERGY MIX EU-27 Electricity Mix (2004) 3 20% 14% 4% Coal 30% Other Sources : European comission DG TREN Eurostat - IEA

4 EUROPEAN ENERGY MIX 3 FRANCE Electricity Mix (2004) 77% 20% 4% Coal 30% 14% Other EU-27 Electricity Mix 4% Solid fuels 5% Other 12% Sources : European comission DG TREN Eurostat - IEA

5 EUROPEAN ENERGY MIX 3 NETHERLANDS Electricity Mix (2004) 20% 14% 4% 7 % 4% Coal 30% Other EU-27 Electricity Mix Solid fuels 23% 63% 3% Sources : European comission DG TREN Eurostat - IEA

6 EUROPEAN ENERGY MIX 3 POLAND Electricity Mix (2004) 20% 14% 2% 3% 2 % Other 4% EU-27 Coal 30% Electricity Mix Other Solid fuels 92% Sources : European comission DG TREN Eurostat - IEA

7 EUROPEAN ENERGY MIX 3 AUSTRIA Electricity Mix (2004) 20% 14% 4% Coal 30% Other 17,8% 3 % 64,4% EU-27 Electricity Mix Hydro 59, Wind 1,5% Solid fuels 14,8 % Biomass and renewable wastes 3, Sources : European comission DG TREN Eurostat - IEA

8 EUROPEAN ENERGY MIX 3 SWEDEN Electricity Mix (2004) 20% 14% 50% 45,5% 4% EU-27 Coal 30% Electricity Mix Other Hydro 39,6% Wind 0,6% Solid Fuels 2% Biomass and waste 5% Sources : European comission DG TREN Eurostat - IEA

9 EUROPEAN ENERGY MIX 3 GERMANY Electricity Mix (2004) 20% 14% 28% 4% Coal 30% Other 12% EU % Electricity Mix 2 % Other Solid fuels 47% Sources : European comission DG TREN Eurostat - IEA

10 1 All the Member States and market players must admit all kind of energies are necessary to ensure the economical development of Europe. This includes nuclear energy which needs a better acceptance in the European public opinion. Real necessity to improve communication Existence of independent bodies to ensure transparency and security.

11 European nuclear power reactors Number of nuclear reactors per country in Europe. 16 countries with nuclear power plants. 164 working nuclear rectors (installed capacity 137GWe) TWh produced in %. 28 % of the whole european electricity production 47 % Percentage of electricity supplied by nuclear power (%) in 2005 Source : International Atomic Energy Agency (AIEA) - Euratom 4 % 20 % 31 % 70 % 56 % 3 32 % 56 % 79 % 20 % 42 % 37% 9 % 44 % Extrait de : Le Monde 25/01/2006

12 2 A better energy mix at European level is necessary We are too dependent of fossil energies. A European convergence of the Member States energy mix is desirable must be encouraged. 24,0% 14,4% Solar 0,04% Hydro 1,5% Wind 0,3% 6,4% Biomass and waste 4,20% 36,8% Solid Fuels 18,2% Geothermal 0,30%

13 3 The progressive achievement of a European grid is important to build a European energy market. Especially the declaration of European interest for high voltage lines managed by a coordinator is a necessity. Réseau européen d interconnexions Goulets d étranglement Fluide Congestion Neutre

14 United Kingdom 3 Spain Portugal 4 8 Capacité d'interconnexion / puissance installée en % Greece Italy France Germany Netherlands Denmark Switzerland Belgium Source : Etso

15 4 Possibility of a European regulator to reinforce the role of the national one which have diverse competence and power C.E.E.R. and ERGEG Council of European Energy Regulators European Regulator s Group for and Electricity

16 5 Research and Development To ensure new technological solutions fission with ITER Fuel cells Clean coal

17 6 Energy efficicency is one of the most important and achievable targets Mainly required in buildings The new European directive on «end-use efficiency and energy services» (April 2006) is a good tool to obtain a convergence of all the actors in the market (white certificates) but actually nothing is mandatory

18 6bisbis LE DISPOSITIF DES CERTIFICATS D ECONOMIE D ENERGIE Attribue les CEE AUTORITE ADMINISTRATIVE Surveille le «marché» Fixe les obligations Attribue les CEE Fixe les pénalités ACTEURS NON- OBLIGÉS Actions d économies d énergie Vente «Marché» d échanges CEE Achat Vente CONSOMMATEUR FINAL ACTEURS OBLIGÉS Obligation CEE Actions d économies d énergie Source ATEE

19 7 The role of emission permits is important and needs to be enlarged To establish individual carbon credit cards has been suggested Convergence of green and white certificates

20 8 The Transport sector as a big energy consumer (mainly oil) countains plenty of possibilities of progress Bio-fuel Electric cars Traffic lights coordination Harmonisation of R&D Capture of CO2