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1 Supplementary Figure. 1: Related to Figure.1 a d e b alternative classical none NIK P-IkBa Total IkBa Tubulin P52 (Lighter) P52 (Darker) RelB (Lighter) RelB (Darker) HDAC1 Control-Sh RelB-Sh NF-kB2-Sh U6 Promoter U6 Promoter KMS11 RPMI-8226 KMS-28PE RelB-Sh RelB-Sh EJM KMS-18 OCIMY5 KMS-26 KMS-12PE H929 KMS-28BM plko.1 Vector RelB-Sh (3 UTR specific) plko.1 Vector RelB-Sh (3 UTR specific) + RelB cdna (Sh-RNA resistant) Ubiquitin Promoter UTMC2 kda RelB-cDNA Whole cell nuclear RPMI-8226 JJN3 WPRE f Relative Expression c Number of Colonies Control-Sh RPMI-8226 Control-Sh h RelB-Sh NF-kB2-Sh Endogenous RelB RelB-Sh RelB-Sh + RelB cdna kda Control-Sh RelB-Sh Relative Expression g Control-Sh RelB-Sh + RelB cdna H929 RelB-Sh Control-Sh NF-kB2-Sh Exogenous RelB RelB-Sh RelB-Sh + RelB cdna RelB Tubulin
2 Supplementary Figure. 1: Related to Figure.1 i NHL Cell Lines Control-Sh RelB-Sh BJAB HBL1 Propidium Iodide LY10 Annexin-V
3 Supplementary Fig. 1. RelB-p52 addiction in MM. (a) JJN3 cells were infected with lentiviruses expressing control-sh RNA or two different sh-rnas targeting RelB or NF-kB2. 5 days later apoptosis was measured by flow-cytometry upon staining with 7AAD and Annexin-V. (b) Whole cell lysates and nuclear extracts from MM cell lines belonging to three distinct groups with regards to mutations that activate alternative NF-kB pathway (by NIK stabilization) or activate the classical NF-kB pathway as indicated by phohspho-ikba and the third group with no mutations that activate alternative or classical pathways, were analyzed for the indicated proteins by immunoblotting. Note the reduced but visible levels of nuclear RelB and p52 in the absence of active NIK or active IKK in the third group of cell lines. (c) RPMI-8226 and H929 cells were infected with the indicated viruses and equal numbers (2000) of cells were seeded into semi-solid methyl-cellulose cultures. 10 days later colony numbers were counted and plotted as indicated and (d) on day 10 colony pictures were taken using a Axiovert S100TV microscope (Zeiss) and presented as indicated. Note the highly impaired colony formation by MM progenitor cells in the absence of RelB or NF-kB2. (e) Schematic representation of plko.1 vector expressing sh-rna targeting 3 UTR of RelB mrna and plko.1 vector simultaneously expressing RelB 3 UTR specific Sh-RNA and RelB cdna (resistant to RelB-sh RNA) under the control of ubiquitin promoter and WPRE regulatory elements. (f & g) Total RNA from JJN3 cells infected with lentiviruses expressing control-sh RNA, or RelB-Sh RNA (targeting 3 UTR) and RelB-Sh RNA (targeting 3 UTR) + RelB cdna, was purified and the levels of endogenous and exogenous RelB were analyzed by quantitative PCR using primers specific to 3 UTR and RelB cdna. Relative expression was plotted as indicated. (h) Whole cell lysates from JJN3 cells infected with the indicated lentiviruses were analyzed for the indicated proteins by immunoblotting. (i) Indicated NHL cell lines were infected with lentiviruses expressing control-sh RNA or Sh-RNA targeting RelB and apoptosis was measured after 5 days by flowcytometry as explained above. Error bars indicate S.D. n=3.
4 Supplementary Figure. 2: Related to Figure. 2 a Anti-Apoptotic b Pro-Apoptotic c survivin 2 Bad p52 Bim-EL Bim-L Bim-S BMF Tubilin Control-Sh NF-kB2-Sh2 kda Relative Expression 3 Bcl-W Bcl Bcl-xl Relative Expression 2.4 BOK Bid Bak Noxa d RelB p52 Bim-EL BMF Tubulin RelB p52 Bim-EL BMF Tubulin e Control-Sh RelB-Sh 1 RelB-Sh 2 RelB Bim-EL Tubulin Control-Sh RelB-Sh NF-kB2-Sh kda kda KMM1 H929 OPM-1
5 Supplementary Figure. 2 continued: Related to Figure. 2 f Bim 2.5kb promoter with NF-kB binding sites at to -1332, to -1237, to and -180 to -166 respectively. 5 TCCGTACGGCAAGACAAGGCGCGGA ACGGCAAGGCCCCTT GCGGGATGTTCCATT CCTCCCACACCCCCGCT GGTGAGCGGGAGGCTAGGGTACACTTCGGGGTGGGGGATGGGCGCGCACATGGCCGCCA GCAGGCAGAGTTACTCCGGTAAACACGCCAGGGACGGCGGCGCGCGCGGGAGGCAACCC AGCGGGGCAACCCCCGCCTTTACCTGTCCGAGCCTG AGTGATTGGGCGTAGGAGC3 NF-kB recognition site -180 to -166 AGCGGGGCAACCCCCG TCGCCCCGTTGGGGGC g h Relative light units k BMF 2.5kb promoter with NF-kB binding sites at to -1462, -268 to -255, -103 to -90, -27 to -14 respectively. 5 AGGATCACTTGAGCCTGGGAG GGCATTCCAGGGACACCTC CAGGGACTCTCTG CTTGCAATGTTTCCATGGGAAGGTTCGTACATTCGTGACCGTC CCTGGCAGCGGCCCAGCCCGGGACTTGGCGCTCACTCGCCATTGGTCAGTCCTCGGCGTG ACGCGCAGGGCGGGGCCTCATCAGCTGTTTGCGGGATGCCCCGAGCAGGCGTA3 NF-kB recognition site -27 to -14 CGGGATGCCCCG GCCCTACGGGGC Bim Promoter i 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 BMF Bim-EL Bim-L RelB Tubulin Control-Sh Control P = RelB-Sh P = P = * Bim and BMF depleted Control-Sh RelB-Sh Relative light units kda BMF promoter pbabe- Empty l pbabe- RelB+p52 BMF Tubulin FUGW-Control FUGW-BMF j (bp) Bim Promoter Input kda -25 Input % Viable Cells IgG RelB-ChIP m RelB Ab 0 KMS-28BM H929 OPM1 KMM1 FUGW- Control FUGW- BMF
6 Supplementary Fig. 2. Transcriptional-Repression of Bim and BMF by RelB-p52. (a & b) Total RNA from Control or RelB- or NF-kB2 depleted cells was analyzed for the levels of indicated BCL2-family members by quantitative real-time PCR and the relative expression levels were plotted as indicated. (c) Whole cell lysates from Control or NF-kB2-depleted (NF-kB2-Sh2) JJN3 cells were analyzed for the indicated proteins by immunoblotting. (d & e) Whole cell lysates from H929, OPM1 and KMM1 MM cells upon infecting with the indicated lentiviruses were analyzed by immunoblotting for the indicated proteins. (f & g) Schematic representation of the 2.5kb promoters of Bim and BMF genes with potential NF-kB binding sites shown in Red. NF-kB binding sites nearest to the transcriptional start sites were highlighted as indicated. For convenience entire length of 2.5kb sequence is not shown. (h&i) Repression of Bim and BMF promoters by RelB and p52. HEK-293T cells were cotransfected with pgl2-bim-basic (h) or pgl2- BMF-Basic (i) luciferase reporter constructs together with the indicated expression vectors. 36hrs later cell lysates were measured for luciferase activity and relative light units were plotted as indicated. Note significant repression of Bim and BMF promoters by RelBp52. P values in (h) were obtained using student's t-test. (j) Recruitment of RelB to Bim promoter in NIK low (invisible NIK levels) MM cells. RelB recruitment to the Bim promoter in the indicated cell lines was analyzed by ChIP analyses as described in Figures 2 and 4, using control IgG or anti-relb antibodies and specific primers corresponding to Bim promoter (-300 to -146). (k) JJN3 cells were infected with lentiviruses expressing control Sh-RNA or Sh-RNAs targeting Bim and BMF and were selected in puromycin prior to depleting RelB. Whole cell lysates were then analyzed by immunoblotting for the depletion of Bim + BMF and RelB. (l) Whole cell lysates from JJN3 cells infected with the indicated lentiviruses were analyzed for the indicated proteins by immunoblotting. (m) JJN3 cells were infected with the indicated lentiviruses and 5 days later apoptosis was measured by flowcytometry as explained above and % viable cells were plotted as indicated. Error bars in all figures indicate S.D. n=3.
7 Supplementary Figure. 3: Related to Figure 3 JK6L HDAC4 RelB IgG-IP RelB-IP kda IP RelB HDAC4 RelB Input Tubulin Supplementary Fig. 3. RelB interacts with HDAC4. Interaction of endogenous RelB and HDAC4 in JK6L cells was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting as indicated.
8 Supplementary Figure. 4: Related Figure 4. a b c d (bp) 200- Input KMM1 Input IgG HDAC4 Ab HDAC4-ChIP Relative Expression DMSO BMF TSA Relative Expression DMSO Bim TSA HDAC4 Bim-EL Tubulin KMM1 Control-Sh HDAC4-Sh kda e input IgG RelB IgG ChIP RelB RelB-ChIP mir-221 promoter (bp) -300 f Fold induction of Luciferase activity mir-221 promoter pcdna pcdna-relb pcdna-p52 pcdna-relb+p52 g BMF Tubulin Control mir-221 kda -25
9 Supplementary Fig. 4. Regulation of Bim, BMF and mir-221 genes. (a) HDAC4 recruitment to the Bim promoter in KMM1 cells was analyzed by ChIP analysis as described before. (b & c) Levels of BMF and Bim were analyzed by quantitative PCR upon treatment with DMSO or TSA and the relative expression levels were plotted as indicated. (d) Bim levels in KMM1 cells upon depletion of HDAC4 were analyzed by immunoblotting as indicated. (e) Recruitment of RelB to mir-221 promoter. Chromatin from JJN3 cells were immunoprecipitated using a-relb antibody and the immunoprecipitated DNA was PCR-amplified using primers specific to a 310 bp region (-1222 to 911 within the upstream regulatory region of the mir-221 gene. Amplified products were analyzed on agarose gels as indicated. (f) A 2.5kb region upstream to the mir-221 gene was PCR amplified using specific primers and subsequently cloned into pgl2-basic vector upstream to the luciferase gene. KMS28-BM cells were then cotransfected with the pgl2-mir-221-basic vector together with the indicated vectors. Induction of the luciferase activity was plotted as indicated. (g) Whole cell lysates from JJN3 cells infected with control lentivirus or lentivirus expressing exogenous mir-221 were analyzed for BMF levels by immunoblotting as indicated. Error bars indicate S.D. from 3 experiments.
10 Supplementary Figure. 5: Related to Figure 5. a b Propidium Iodide Control-Sh HDAC4-Sh1 HDAC4-Sh2 2.5% 3.66% 1.24% 51.89% 3.84% 55.83% 92% 1.84% 27.5% 19.37% 23.49% 16.85% Number of Colonies KMM1 Number of Colonies 100 H Annexin-V Supplementary Fig. 5. HDAC4 regulates MM cell survival and MM-progenitor cell growth. (A) JJN3 cells were infected with lentiviruses expressing control-sh RNA or two different sh-rnas targeting HDAC4 and apoptosis was measured by flow-cytometry as explained above. (B) KMM1 and H929 cells were were infected with lentiviruses expressing control-sh RNA or sh-rna targeting HDAC4. Cells were washed after 24 hours and equal numbers (2000) of cells were seeded into semi-solid methyl-cellulose cultures. Number of colonies formed by MM progenitor cells were counted on day 10 and plotted as indicated. Error bars indicate S.D. n=3.
11 Supplementary Figure. 6: Related Figure 6. a HDAC4-Flag + + b HDAC4-Flag aa-H4-Flag c + 100aa-H4-Flag + RelB HDAC4-Flag 100aa-H4-Flag RelB HDAC4-Flag 100aa-H4-Flag RelB Tubulin + + kda IP-RelB input b-HA HDAC4-Flag b-HA HDAC4-Flag 100aa-H4-Flag b-HA Tubulin + + kda IP-HA input Bim L Bim S Flag Tubulin Control 100aa-GFP-Flag Control 100aa-H4-Flag kda d %Viability 100aa- GFP-Flag 100aa- H4-Flag e 100aa-H4-Flag Bim-EL BMF HDAC4 RelB Tubulin Control 100aa -H4-Flag kda JJN3 100aa-H4-Flag Bim-EL BMF HDAC4 RelB Tubulin Control 100aa -H4-Flag kda KMS-28BM f Control 100aa-H4-Flag Propidium Iodide ± ±1.7 ± ± ± ± ±0.9 ±2.2 JJN3 g Propidium Iodide Annexin-V Control 100aa-H4-Flag KMS-28BM Annexin-V
12 Supplementary Figure. 6: Related Figure 6. h H929 OPM1 Propidium Iodide Control-Vector aa-H4-Flag Control-Vector 100aa-H4-Flag Annexin-V Supplementary Fig. 6. Specific disruption of RelB-HDAC4 complex by HDAC4-mimeticpolypeptide. (A) HEK-293T cells were cotransfected with pcdna-relb, pcdna-hdac4-flag in the presence or absence of pcdna-100aa-hdac4-flag (100aa-H4-Flag). Interaction of RelB and HDAC4 was analyzed by immunoblotting upon immunoprecipitation of RelB as indicated. Note the sequestration of RelB and disruption of RelB-HDAC4 interaction by the 100aa-H4-peptide. (B). HEK-293T cells were cotransfected with pcdna-hdac4-flag, pcdna-ha b in the presence or absence of 100aa-H4-Flag. Interaction of b with HDAC4 was analyzed by immunoblotting for the indicated proteins upon immunoprecipitation using anti-ha antibody as indicated. (C) KMM1 cells were infected with lentiviruses expressing 100aa-GFP-Flag or 100aa- H4-Flag peptides and the whole cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting for the indicated proteins. Note the elevation of Bim levels in 100aa-H4-Flag but not 100aa-GFP-Flag expressing cells. (D) KMM1 cells infected with the indicated lentivirueses were analyzed by flow-cytometry as described above. % viable cells were plotted as indicated. Note that the 100aa-H4-Flag but not 100aa-GFP-Flag peptide induces apoptosis of MM cells. (E) JJN3 and KMS-28BM cells were infected with the indicated lentiviruses. Whole cell lysates (E) and apoptosis (F & G) were analyzed by immunoblotting and flow-cytometry respectively. (H) H929 and OPM1 cells were infected with the indicated lentiviruses and apoptosis was analyzed by flow-cytometry as described. Error bars indicate S.D. n=3.
13 Supplementary Figure. 7: Related Figure 7. a Phospho-RelB Total RelB Tubulin KMS-12PE K12-BM OCI-MY5 H929 JK6L SKMM2 UTMC kda b p-relb Total RelB Bim-EL Bim-L Tubulin Control WT-RelB kda c AR-A01448 mm: 0 5 Phospho-RelB Total RelB Beta-catenin Tubulin kda d U0126 p-relb * RelB * p100 H929 _ + kda e U0126 p-relb * RelB * p-erk KMS-18 U266 L363 KMM _ KMS26 _ + kda f p-erk HDAC1 LDH C N kda p52 p-erk ERK Tubulin Propidium Iodide ERK Tubulin g 7.9 ±0.5 Control-Sh ERK1-Sh-1 ERK1-Sh ± ± ±0.8 Annexin ± ±6.4 ± ±2.1 ± ±10. 4 ± ±2.1
14 Supplementary Fig. 7. (a) ERK1-dependent regulation of RelB in MM cells. Phospho-RelB levels in the indicated cell lines were analyzed by immunoblotting as indicated. (b) Whole cell lysates from control JJN3 and JJN3 cells overexpressing moderate levels of exogenous RelB were analyzed for the indicated proteins by immunoblotting. (c) JJN3 cells were treated with DMSO or GSK3b-specific inhibitor AR-A01448 for 12 hrs and the whole cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting as indicated. Note that GSK3b inhibition results in elevation of beta-catenin levels as expected, but does not affect RelBphosphorylation. (d and e) Indicated cell lines were treated with the MEK inhibitor U0126 for 12 hrs. Whole cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting for the indicated proteins. Note the normal p100 processing (d) and significant block in RelBphosphorylation upon ERK inhibition (d and e). (f) Nuclear (N) and cytoplasmic (C) extracts from JJN3 cells were analyzed for p-erk levels as indicated. (g) JJN3 cells were infected with lentiviruses expressing control-sh or two different sh-rnas targeting ERK1. Apoptosis was measured after 5 days by flow-cytometry upon staining with propidium iodide and Annexin-V as indicated.
15 Supplementary Fig. 8. Original blots for the main figures were rescanned and were presented below. Fig. 2C RelB lane Fig. 2C p52 lane Fig. 2C p52 lane lighter exposure p100 p52 Fig. 2C Bim
16 Fig. 2C BMF Fig. 2C Tubulin Fig. 2D RelB and tubulin
17 Fig. 2D RelB and Tubulin another exposure Fig. 2D Bim EL another exposure RelB tubulin Fig. 2D Bim EL 25 Fig. 2D Bim L and Bim S Fig. 2D Bim L and Bim S Another exposure 10 RelB Sh control
18 100 bp ladder Fig. 2E RelB Chip Bim Fig. 2E p52 Chip Bim 100 bp ladder bp ladder 100 bp ladder Fig. 2E RelB Chip Bim upstream control primer Fig. 2E p52 Chip Bim upstream control primer
19
20 100 bp ladder
21 Fig. 3A KMM1 IP RelB - IB HDAC4 Fig. 3A KMM1 IP RelB - IB RelB Fig. 3A KMM1 RelB input
22 Fig. 3A KMM1 Tubulin input Fig. 3A KMM1 HDAC4 input
23 Fig. 3A JJN3 IP RelB : IB HDAC4 Fig. 3A JJN3 IP RelB : IB RelB Fig. 3A JJN3 Tubulin input
24 Fig. 3A JJN3 HDAC4 input Fig. 3A JJN3 RelB input
25 Fig. 3B IP: RelB IB: Flag Fig. 3B IP: RelB IB: RelB Fig. 3B Input RelB Fig. 3B IP: RelB IB: RelB. Darker Fig. 3B Input RelB. Darker
26 Fig. 3B Flag input Fig. 3B Tubulin input
27 Fig. 3C IP: Flag IB: RelB Fig. 3C RelB input 250
28 Fig. 3C IP: Flag IB: Flag Fig. 3C Flag Input
29 Fig. 3C Tubulin input
30 Fig. 3D IP: NF-kB2 IB: HDAC Fig. 3D IP: NF-kB2 IB: RelB. 250 Fig. 3D IP: NF-kB2 IB: NF-kB2 (p100).
31 Fig. 3D p100 and p52 input Fig. 3D RelB input Fig. 3D Tubulin input p p52 50
32
33 100bp ladder Fig. 4A Left panel HDAC4 BMF Chip Fig. 4A Right panel Acetyl H3 Chip BMF Promoter 1kb ladder 100 bp ladder positions
34 Fig. 4B Left Panel HDAC4 Chip on Bim promoter 100 bp ladder positoins Fig. 4A and B middle pannels. HDAC4 Chip in RelB-Sh cells for Bim and BMF promoters 1kb ladder 100 bp ladder positions
35 Fig. 4B Right Panel Acetyl H3 Chip on Bim promoter
36 Fig. 4D HDAC4 Fig. 4D HDAC4 Darker.
37 Fig. 4D RelB Fig. 4D RelB Darker Fig. 4D Bim 25 Fig. 4D BMF 20 10
38 Fig. 4D Tubulin 25 Fig. 4F Bim 15 10
39 Fig. 4F BMF Fig. 4F RelB Fig. 4F Tubulin
40 Fig. 6a IP: RelB IB: HDAC4 Fig. 6a IP: RelB IB: 100aa H4-flag Fig. 6a IP: RelB IB: RelB Fig. 6a Input Flag 100 AA
41 Fig. 6a Input HDAC4 Fig. 6a Input Tubulin Fig. 6a Input RelB
42 Fig. 6c Flag 100AA H4 Fig. 6c Bim EL Fig. 6c Bim L and Bim S Fig. 6c BMF
43 Fig. 6c RelB Fig. 6c HDAC4 Fig. 6c Tubulin
44 Fig. 6g RelB Fig. 6g p52 Fig. 6g ciap Fig. 6g Tubulin
45 Fig. 6h 100aa Flag H4 Fig. 6h Tubulin Fig. 6h p52 Fig. 6h ciap
46 Fig. 7a Phospho RelB Fig. 7a Total RelB Fig. 7a Total RelB Lighter exposure Fig. 7a Tubulin
47 Fig. 7a Tubulin Darker Fig. 7b Phospho RelB Fig. 7b Total RelB Fig. 7b Total RelB Darker
48 Fig. 7c Phospho RelB Fig. 7c Total RelB
49 Fig. 7c HDAC1 Fig. 7c LDH Fig. 7d phospho-relb Chip Bim promoter 100 bp ladder
50 Fig. 7e phospho RelB Fig. 7e Total RelB Fig. 7e Bim EL and BIM L Fig. 7e Tubulin
51 Fig. 7g phospho ERK Fig. 7g phospho RelB
52 Fig. 7g Total ERK and Tubulin Fig. 7g Total RelB
53 Fig. 7h IP RelB IB ERK Fig. 7h IP RelB IB RelB Fig. 7h Tubulin input
54 Fig. 7h RelB input Fig. 7h ERK input
55 Fig. 7i ERK1 KD Fig. 7i Phospho RelB Fig. 7i Total RelB ** ** Nonspecific band
56 Fig. 7i Bim Fig. 7i tubulin
57 Fig. 7k p32 RelB Fig. 7k anti-phospho RelB blot Fig. 7k Flag-RelB and active ERK1 inputs Supplementary Fig. 8. Uncropped immunoblots for the main figures
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