CROP ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGES AND METEOROLOGICAL ADVERSITIES AGROMETEOROLOGICAL AND AGRONOMIC ASPECTS

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1 CROP ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGES AND METEOROLOGICAL ADVERSITIES AGROMETEOROLOGICAL AND AGRONOMIC ASPECTS Orivaldo Brunini*, PhD Agrometeorology- Agronomic Institute- APTA-SAA- São Paulo State Government - Brazil brunini@iac.sp.gov.br

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3 Mean air temperature in several locations are presenting a constant increase the greater change since 1974

4 ١٨,٠ Temperatura mínima ١٧,٠ ١٦,٠ ١٥,٠ ١٤,٠ ١٣,٠ ١٢,٠ ١٨٩٠ ١٩٠٠ ١٩١٠ ١٩٢٠ ١٩٣٠ ١٩٤٠ ١٩٥٠ ١٩٦٠ ١٩٧٠ ١٩٨٠ ١٩٩٠ ٢٠٠٠

5 Temperatura Máxima Temperatura º y = x R 2 =

6 30,0 Temperatura máxima 29,0 28,0 27,0 26,0 25,0 24,

7 Month Local: Adamantina Ribeirão Preto January ,3 260,3 340,2 February 177,6 171,4 252,4 236,2 March ,4 154,1 151,3 April 57,7 51,7 60,9 52,9 May 55,4 82,8 58,8 72,3 June 57,1 24,2 35,2 12,8 July 16,3 64,2 10,6 28,1 August 34,1 28,2 19,8 14,5 September 85,5 70,5 72,2 50,5 October 66,6 72,8 116,6 97 November 127,3 122,3 194,9 186,6 December 188,3 162,6 243,6 235,6

8 INÍCIO DA DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA M ENSAL DEFICIÊNCIA MENSAL :mm T+2º Média(T) Jan Fev Mar Abr Mai Jun Jul Ago Set Out Nov Dez MESES

9 120 Média(T) T +1ºC 100 DEFICIÊNCIA:mm JAN FEV MAR ABR MAI JUN JUL AGO SET OUT NOV DEZ M ÊS

10 5 Days water deficit- Water Balance 25 +1ºC Normal Water deficit :mm /1/0 0 1/3/0 0 1/5/0 0 1/7/0 0 1/9/0 0 1/11/ 00 1/1/0 1 1/3/0 1 pe riod-5 days 1/5/0 1 1/7/0 1 1/9/0 1 1/11/ 01

11 DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA MENSAL -CAPÃO BONITO 2, ºC E 15%CHUVA 2 Deficiência :mm 1,5 1 0,5 0 1-jan 1-fev 1-mar 1-abr 1-mai 1-jun 1-jul 1-ago 1-set 1-out 1-nov 1-dez

12 PDSI-adap-october Palmer Drought Severity Index- PDSI Assis Votuporanga Year

13 This paper describes briefly some of the agrometeorological and agronomic techniques that can be used, alone or in a complementary way to mitigate extreme meteorological events and to face the challenge of global warming on agriculture.

14 Under agrometeorological aspects some of the techniques that can be used are:

15 Early Warning System, methodologies should be encouraged and enhanced to monitor and to predict extreme events as dry-spell; drought; frost; hurricanes,

16 Weather Data collect and use,to enhance the use and modernization of AWNWS to give support to farmers decision process and extension services

17 Irrigation Management; to develop irrigation schedules based on agrometeorological information to face dry spell and drought situations;

18 Planting Time; to determine the best planting time for annual crops based on crop weather demand, and meteorological risks ;

19 VARIAÇÃO DO CICLO DE HIBRIDOS DE MILHO FASE: GERMINAÇÃO-INICIO DE MATURAÇÃO DIAS TEMPERATURA MEDIA DO AR:oC C 805 BR 201 VARIAÇÃO DO CICLO DE HIBRIDOS DE MILHO FASE: GERMINAÇÃO-FLORESCIMENTO MASCULINO DIAS TEMPERATURA MEDIA DO AR:oC C 805 BR 201

20 Crop Zoning ;based on the new scenarios of climate, indicate the new species, and the risk they are associated to

21 . In relation to the agronomic techniques to reduce the negative effects of climate some that can be used are:

22 Direct Planting; to reduce substantially the surface evaporation, and the losses of CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere;ii)

23 U mol-co2/m2.s CO2 Flux- sugar cane- conventional DAP direct plantimg

24 Use of Adapted Crops; in this case the use of crops adapted to more severe climate extremes should be enhanced, as for example in drought prone areas, drought tolerant cultivars should be used

25 Planting Density; in areas where the scarcity for water will increase, the use of less plants per square meter, may help to reduce crop lost due to dry spell

26 Genetic Breeding; crop geneticists should develop new crop varieties, considering the adaptation to extreme climate situations, and In special the characteristics for drought tolerance or high/low temperatures tolerance.

27 DROUGHT RESISTANT FACTORS ROOT SYSTEM COLD TOLERANT VARIETIES HEAT TOLERANT VARIETIES

28 THANK YOU