DESIGN OF THE ADVANCED HIGH KINETIC ENERGY LAUNCH SYSTEM. W. V. Hill Black & Veatch Kansas City, Missouri

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1 DESIGN F THE ADVANCED HIGH KINETIC ENERGY LAUNCH SYSTEM W. V. Hill Black & Veatch Kansas City, Missuri 0> 4/ ABSTRACT This reprt describes the design f a facility t prvide fr de- structive testing f U.S. and freign munitins, up t and including 155 mm. The facility cnsists f a Range Tunnel designed t resist the mule blast f an artillery weapn and a large steel dme structure designed t cntain the blast effects f 64 punds f TNT. 4 INTRDUCTIN The Advanced High Kinetic Energy Launch System is t prvide the Ballistic Research Labratry (BRL) a facility fr the destructive testing f U.P. and freign munitins, up t and including 155 mm. Munitins t be tested include kinetic energy prjectiles (KE), advanced chemical energy (CE), self-frging fragment (SFF), and reactive armrs (RA). The facility cnsists f a Range Tunnel, 25 feet wide, 21 feet 3 inches high, and 280 feet lng (See Figure 1). There is a suppressive dr at the entrance t the tunnel t trap missiles and fragments shuld an accidental explsin ccur in the tunnel. The Target Rm is a steel dme-shaped structure 60 feet in diameter, designed t cntain the blast effects f 64 punds f TNT. The equipment dr is 14 feet wide by 18 feet high. The Instrumentatin Building is 16 feet by 33 feet and is cnstructed f cncrete blck. The well prvides 30 gallns per minute f water fr washdwn f the Range Tunnel and Target Rm. The Hlding Tank cntains the cntaminated washwater and the exhaust filter system remves radiactive dust frm the Target Rm. Site wrk includes access rads, parking area, electrical pwer service, area lighting, undergrund telephne cable, and a cable trench frm the Instrumentatin Building t an existing Cntrl and Firing Building. At the present time, the t 571

2 facility is under cnstructin at Aberdeen Prving Grund, Maryland and is scheduled t be cmpleted early in RANGE TUNNEL The Range Tunnel is designed t resist the dynamic lads frm the mule blast f an artillery weapn. The mule blast lads, at varius angles f incident, were prvided by Dr. Charles Kingery f BRL. Frm the blast data received, we develped the idealied r ressure-time curves fr an angle f incident f 0, 30, and 45 degrees. The idealied pressure-time curves were develped by the use f methds given in Reference N. 1. The maximum lad ccurs at an angle f incident f 45 degrees where the peak reflected pressure is 57 psi, duratin f the psitive phase is 4.5 millisecnds, and the psitive reflective impulse is 128 psi-millisecnds (see Figures 2 and 3). The riginal criteria and cncepts called fr the Range Tunnel t be cnstructed f existing armr plate. When the actual design f the Advanced High Kinetic Energy Launch System started, the armr plate had been used in anther prject. Bth steel plate and reinfrced cncrete were investigated fr use in the cnstructin f the Range Tunnel. The reinfrced cncrete had the lwer cst. An ecnmic study n varius thicknesses f cncrete and the amunt f reinfrcing required was als made. Fr the design f the Range Tunnel, we used a dynamic lad factr calculated using Reference 2. The design f the rf slab was then checked by using the Acceleratin-Pulse Extraplatin Methd f Numerical Integratin given in Reference 3. As yu can see frm Figure 4, fr the rf slab design the values fr bth the dynamic lad factr methd and numerical integratin are identical, except fr the time f maximum deflectin. The 6.30 millisecnds was the increment f time nearest t the 6.21 millisecnds. The clear span f the walls are 16 feet and the rf slab spins 20 feet. The elastic unit resistance is 73.0 psi fr the walls and 46.7 psi fr the rf slab. The natural perid f vibratin fr the walls is 11.9 millisecnds and 18.6 millisecnds fr the rf slab. The dynamic lad»,* 572 n

3 I H" 1 factr fr the walls is 1.03 and fr the rf slab 0.71 millisecnds. The equivalent elastic deflectin is inches and inches. The maximum deflectin is inches and inches. The maximum deflectin ccurs at 4.32 Jiillisecnds fr the walls and 6.21 milli- secnds fr the rf slab. Dividing the elastic deflectin int the maximum deflectin gives a ductility rati f 0.80 fr the walls and 0.87 fr the rf slab. Using a thickness f 2 feet 6 inches, with N. 9's at 12 inches fr the psitive reinfrcing steel and N. ll's at 12 inches fr the negative reinfrcing bars prved t be the mst ecnmical sectin (see Figure 5). Temperature reinfrcing is N. 8 at 14 inches each face. The direct tensin bars are N. 10's at 12 inches and N. 4 stirrups were used at 12 r 14 inches, as required. The reinfrcement used was ASTM A615, Grade 60 except fr the stirrups fr which Grade 40 was used. Tw 7/8-inch blts were installed n the centerline f the rf fr a future 5-tn mnrail t be installed when funds becme available. TARGET RM Figure 6 shws the flr plan f the Target Rm. The structure is designed fr repeated blast lads f 64 punds f TNT equivalency. Sme f the ammunitin t be tested will cntain heavy metal and it was necessary t design the Target Rm t cntain the explsin, except fr leakage thrugh the sht hle int the Range Tunnel and thrugh the vents int the filter system. n each side f the drs yu can see the structural tee stiffeners. The pening thrugh the mat fundatin in the center is fr placement f the targets. The upper part f the Target Rm is designed as a dme with a radius f 29 feet 6 inches (see Figure 7). The dme is supprted by a ring beam cnstructed f ne-inch plates. The lwer prtin f the Target Rm, belw the ring beam, is a sectin f a cne. The diameter f the tp f the cne, where it is attached t the ring beam, is 46 feet 9 inches and the diameter f the base f the cne is 59 feet. The height f the sectin f the cne, belw the ring beam, is 18 feet ne inch and the rise f the dne is 11 feet 6 inches. 573

4 The Target Rm was designed by the trial-and-errr methd. We first assumed the structural members then we reviewed the structure t determine the stress in the members. The blast ladings n the interir f the Target Rm frm 64 punds f TNT were als received frm BRL. Frm these, we develped the idealied pressure-time curve (see Figure 8). The peak gas pressure is 15 psi. Even thugh there is sme decaying f the gas pressure, we assumed a er rate f decay and cnsidered the 15 psi gas pressure t be cnstant. The peak psitive reflected pressure was calculated t be 75 psi, giving a ttal peak psitive pressure f 90 psi. The psitive reflected impulse is 60 psimillisecnds and the duratin f the psitive phase is 1.6 millisecnds. T btain the natural perid f vibratin f the varius members f the Target Rm, we used a cmputer prgram called the "Finite Element Methd fr the Dynamic Analysis f Structures Subject t any Dynamic Lading" (Reference N. 4). The dynamic lad factr was then calculated. Fr the gas pressure, a dynamic lad factr f 1 was used and the gas pressure was cnsidered cnstant. An equivalent static lad was then calculated and STRUDL was used t find the stresses in the varius members (Reference 5). Fr ur first trial, we used vertical stiffeners between the ring beam and fundatin n 4-ft 2-inch centers cmpletely arund the structure. The analysis shwed that the side wall plates were carrying the lads in ring tensin and the stiffeners near the dr were the nly nes being stressed. The next step was t keep eliminating stiffeners. The final design has three stiffeners n each side f the equipment dr and ne n each side f the persnnel dr (see Figure 6). Additinal steel plates were welded arund the ther penings. Everything was designed with a ductility factr less than 1 s all elements wuld remain in the elastic range. Bth the side walls and dme were cnstructed f ne-inch plate. Fr the dme and ring beam, we used ASTM A516 steel. Grade 70, which has a minimum yield stress f 38,000 psi, and using a dynamic increase factr f 1.1 resulted in a dynamic yield stress f 41,800 psi. ASTM 574

5 A516 steel was used fr the dme because it is easy t shape and is readily weldable. ASTM A572, Grade 60 is classified as a high strength, lw ally structural steel and was used fr its availability, high strength, and weldability fr the rest f the structure. The minimum yield stress is 60,000 psi and it has a dynamic yield stress f 66,000 psi. The maximum circumferential stress in the dme is 7,560 psi and the maximum meridinal stress is 9,050 psi (see Figure 9). The maximum stress in the ring beam, which ccurs at the equipment dr jambs, is 16,800 psi. Using ASTM A516 steel the dynamic yield stress was 41,800 psi. Fr the side walls the maximum circumferential stress is 14,780 psi and the maximum meridinal stress is 7,410 psi. The maximum stress was in the dr jambs which were subject t tensin and bending in tw directins. The stress was 45,700 psi. The stress in the dr stiffeners alng each side f the equipment dr was 49,380 psi and the maximum stress in the equipment dr itself was 51,300 psi. Fr the side walls, dr jamb, dr stiffeners, and dr, the dynamic yield stress f the steel used is 66,000 psi. Sme f the armr piercing ammunitin t be tested cntains heavy metal which has a lw grade f radiactivity. Upn striking the target, the prjectile expldes and the dust frmed cannt be discharged int the atmsphere. The air evacuatin and filtratin system cnsists f a fan which pulls 24,000 cubic feet per minute f air thrugh the suppressive dr (see Figure 10). The dr is cnstructed f interlcking wide flange beams. This allws air t pass thrugh the dr but will trap missiles and fragments shuld an accidental explsin ccur in the tunnel. Air is pulled frm the tunnel int the Target Rm thrugh the 36 inch diameter sht hle. The cntaminated air leaves the Target Rm thrugh tw 36 inch diameter ducts t the attenuatrs. The attenuatrs are used t prtect the filters frm excessive blast pressures. The attenuatrs were existing and furnished by BRL. They are 10 feet in diameter and 50 feet lng, made up f ne-inch plate. N attempt was made t determine hw effective the c 575 mmm

6 ««i».,,1, attenuatrs will be in reducing the blast pressure t the filters. Three sets f filters are used in series: prefliters, secndary filters, and high efficiency particulate air filters which have an efficiency f nt less than percent when tested with 0.3 micrn smke. The persnnel dr and the equipment dr are sealed by using cmpressed air seals. Prvisins have been made t wash dwn the dust that gets int the Range Tunnel thrugh the sht hle. Miscellaneus items in the Range Tunnel and Target Rm include view prts fr cameras and lighting, tie dwns fr the weapn, unistruts fr attaching equipment t the walls, PA system, telephne, pwer receptacles, and lighting. 576

7 REFERENCES 1. TM , Structures t Resist the Effects f Accidental Explsins, June 1969 and Change N. 1, dated March TM , Principles f Dynamic Analysis and Design, March 1957 and Change N. 2, dated Nvember C. H. Mrris, R. J. Hansen, M. J. Hlley, J. M. Biggs, S. Manyet, and J. K. Minami, Structural Design fr Dynamic Lads, Cmputer Prgram S73, Dynamic Stress Analysis Axisymmetric Structures, Black & Veatch, February 1976, Revised January Cmputer Prgram S50, Structural Design Language (Univac 1100 ICES/ STRUDL), Black & Veatch, September 1975, Revised Nvember t 577

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