Yalemtesfa Firew Guade

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1 Americn-Eursin J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 7 (): 74-78, 07 ISSN IDOSI Pulictio, 07 DOI: 0.589/idosi.ejes Effect of Intr-Row Spcing on Growth nd Development of Tomto (Solnum lycopersicum L.) Vriety Rom-VF under the Irrigted Conditio of Est Gojjm Zone, Ethiopi Ylemtesf Firew Gude Dere Mrkos University, Fculty of Agriculture nd Nturl Resources, Deprtment of Horticulture, P.O. Box: 69, Dere Mrkos, Ethiopi Astrct: A field experiment ws conducted on Nitrosol t Deremrkos University reserch field during Mrch to June 06 under irrigted conditio. The ojectives were to identify the effect of intr-row spcing on growth nd development of tomto plnt nd to determine the optimum intr-row spcing tht gives comprtively the est growth nd development. The experiment ws therefore crried out using rndomized complete lock design (RCBD) with three replictio using one commercil vriety Rom-VF with four tretments comintion of 0, 5, 30 nd 35cm spcing etween plnts hving cotnt inter-row spcing of 50cm. Dt were collected on plnt height, numer of flowers plnt, numer of primry rches plnt nd lef re plnt. The nlysis of vrince (ANOVA) indicted tht there were highly significnt differences mong the mesured prmeters except numer of flower plnt which ws not significnt t 5% proility level. The result reveled tht tomto vriety Rom-VF plnted t intr-row spcing of 5cm hd comprtively higher in two mesured growth prmeters i.e. numer of primry rnches nd numer of flower plnt. The highest plnt height ws recorded from lowest intr-row spcing (0cm) due to the severe competition mong plnts in the row looking for light nd ir. The result lso indicted tht the lrgest lef re plnt ws otined from the intr-row spcing of 35cm which ws the widest spcing mong the tretments due to reduced competition for nutrients nd wter. Thus, sed on the results of this experiment, the optimum intr-row spcing for etter growth nd development performnce ws otined from the tretment comintion of 5cm y 50cm intr nd inter row spcing, respectively. Finlly, this reserch is done using only one vriety in one seson, thus further reserch should e done including dditionl vrieties over time nd spce to determine the est intr-row spcing. Key words: Intr-row Inter-row Tomto RCBD ANOVA nd Rom-VF INTRODUCTION Tomtoes re very importnt for humn helth s they re good source of vitmin A nd C. It is importnt Tomto (Solnum lycopersicum L.) elongs to the for one formtion nd growth, cell division nd Solncee fmily nd self-pollinted crop. It is very differentition, for helping the regultion immune system importnt vegetle crop which is cultivted nd since it contin vitmin A. In ddition, tomto is importnt coumed in most prts of the world, from grde nd forming collgen, protein tht gives the structure to green houses to lrge commercil frm []. It is firy ones, crtilge, muscle nd lood vessels. This crop dpted nd grows well in wrm condition. It requires conti lycopene which is very power full ntioxidnts optimum temperture of 0-5 C during the dy nd tht help to prevent the development of cncer. 5-7 C t night. It requires moisture or rin fll out Tomto is grown on more thn 5 million hectre of 600mm well distriuted throughout the growing seson lnd with production of nerly 9 million to. Chin is nd well drined soil, light lom with high orgnic mtter the world top growers ccounting for more thn onecontent with 5 to 7.5 soil ph []. qurter of the world s tomto crege. Indi produce Corresponding Author: Ylemtesf Firew Gude, Dere Mrkos University, Fculty of Agriculture nd Nturl Resources, Deprtment of Horticulture, P.O. Box: 69, Dere Mrkos, Ethiopi. 74

2 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 7 (): 74-78, 07 out 7.6 million metric ton of tomto from out 540, 000 this experiment ws conducted to identify the effect of h of lnd []. It is one of the most populr & importnt intr-row spcing on the growth nd development of vegetles crop used for fresh coumption s well s tomto plnt vriety Rom-VF nd to determine the for processing. Thus, tomto vrieties re populr nd optimum intr-row spcing tht gives comprtively the economiclly importnt vegetles produced in the est growth nd development in the experimentl re country [3]. In recent yer the totl re of lnd covered y tomto frms in the Ethiopin 04/5Meher/min MATERIALS AND METHODS cropping seson ws 50 h with n estimted yield of 307, 000 to [4, 5]. Description of the Study Site: The experiment ws Plnt spcing hs profound effect on the growth conducted under field condition on Nitrosol t Dere performnce nd yield of tomto. Severl scholrs Mrkos University College of Agriculture nd Nturl reported tht tomto produced fewer fruit plnt ut Resources, horticulture deprtment experimentl site more fruit per hectre s plnt deity incresed in field on-sttion during the yer 06 under irrigtion condition. where s fruit size ws n ffected [6]. Melks griculture The re is geogrphiclly locted 300 km Northwest of reserch center hs developed numer of vrieties nd Addis A nd 65 km Southest of Bhir Dr t n gronomic pckges for tomto to nd recommended out 0 0' N ltitude nd 37 43' E longitude t n different plnt spcing s to different prts of Ethiopi. ltitude of 446 m..s.l, with men nnul rin fll of 380 However, investigting the context of other prts of mm nd the verge temperture of the re is rnging Ethiopi such study lcks coidering edphic nd from 4 4 C. climtic conditio of other res. Since the spcing requirement of tomto depend on soil type nd fertility, Experimentl Mterils nd Tretments: A single tomto types of cultivr, the use of lnket recommendtion vriety nmed Rom-VF ws used for the experiment would e in pproprite nd it would e indispeile to ecuse of its vilility nd commercilly produced in identify pproprite recommendtion for specific soil frmers fields. This vriety ws collected from type nd cultivr grown in the country [7]. horticulture deprtment. The tretments used in the Improper spcing is mong the notle reso for experiment were intr-row spcing with comintio of low productivity of this crop. According to [8] plnt 50 x 0, 50 x 5, 50 x 30cm (control) nd 50 x 35cm which spcing gretly influenced fruit yield in oth fresh mrket re ssigned s T, T, T 3nd T 4, respectively. nd processing of tomto. The importnce of plnt spcing on yield nd qulity prmeters in tomto crop Experimentl Design: The experiment ws lid in nd yield vrition oserved due to diseses infesttion rndomized complete lock design (RCBD) with three nd other fctors were lso reported [9]. replictio. Four tretments were used with intr-row The production, productivity nd the ntionl spcing of tomto plnt. The experiments were ssigned verge yield of tomto in Ethiopi is s low s compred to the experimentl plot rndomly y using crd drwing to neighoring countries like Keny nd Tnzni. method nd the net re of the experiment ws 66m. Besides, the ntionl verge of tomto fruit yield under The re of single plot ws 3.6m (m length x.8 frmer s condition is 6.3 to h [4] which is very low widths). Ech plot conti four rows. The spcing compred to 5 to 40 to h t demotrtion nd etween two djcent plots nd locks ws kept s 40cm experimentl reserch plots, respectively [3]. Tomto nd 50cm, respectively. The numer of plnts per plot ws production in Ethiopi hs different prolems, mong dependent on the tretments (intr-row spcing). The those plnt spcing is the first nd foremost ottle neck inter-row spcing ws common for ll tretment i.e. 50cm. prolem tht limits tomto production nd productivity in Est Gojjm zone in prticulr nd in Amhr regionl Experimentl Procedures: The lnd ws clered, stte in generl. Typicl frmers produce tomto using ploughed (disked), leveled nd lrge clods ws roken rod csting nd inter closing methods. These types of down the remi of roots stlks, non-decomposed crop methods hs mny prolems such s high plnt residues, weeds nd other unwnted mterils ws popultion, difficult to mnge, incresing computtion to removed. Then the soil ws smoothed, fined nd the lnd wter nd nutrients, hror diseses nd pets leds tht ws lid out for nursery estlishment. Seed were sown in to low qulity product. Moreover, smll fruit, low qulity nursery t Ferury E.C. Then during three lef nd reduced yield is due to improper plnt spcing stges seedling ws trplnted to the min field for the including inter-row nd intr-row spcing [0]. Therefore, experiment. Ure ws pplied in split form twice during the 75

3 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 7 (): 74-78, 07 Tle : List intr-row spcing Tretments Intr-row (cm) Numer of plnts/plot Totl numer of plnts T 50 x x 36=08 T 50 x x 8=84 T3 50 x x 4=7 T4 50 x x 0=60 whole seson, the first fter two weeks from emergency of the seedling nd the second 50dys from trplnting. Weeding nd wtering were prcticed mnully s frequently s needed. Dt Collection: Dt were collected on plnt sis from the two middle rows y tgging five rndomly selected plnts excluding the remining side of the rows s orders. The prmeters recorded were: Plnt Height (cm): Plnt height of five rndomly selected plnts per plot ws mesured from the ottom of the plnt up to the end of the min stem using ruler in centimeter nd verge men of it were used to nlyze this dt. Numer of Primry Brnches Plnt : Numer of primry rnches of five rndomly selected plnts ws counted from the sme plnt where the plnt height ws mesured. Numer of Flower Plnt : Actul count of flowers from five rndomly selected plnts ws recorded nd verge men of it were used for dt nlysis. Lef Are Plnt : Lef re of five rndomly selected plnts were clculted y mesuring the highest width in centimeter nd multiplied with the highest length of the lef from single plnt. Dt Anlysis: The dt collected ws nlyzed fter the verge men vlues of the ove growth nd development prmeters were clculted using Microsoft-Excel progrm nd dt were sujected to ANOVA using SAS progrm 00 version. The men seprtion ws done y using the lest significnt difference (LSD) t 5% nd% significnt levels. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The ANOVA indicted tht there is highly significnce difference mong the mesured prmeters except numer of lef plnt which ws non-significnt t 5% proility level. Tle : ANOVA of men growth prmeters of tomto vriety Rom VF SV DF PLH N B NFPPL LAPPL Rep Tret. 3 ** ** ** Erro Men CV(%) where, SV=source of vrition, PLH = Plnt height, N B= Numer of primry rnches, NFPPL= Numer of flowers per plnt, LAPPL= lef re per plnt nd **- highly significnt t % significnt level, *Significnt t 5% nd = non-significnt t 5% proility level Plnt Height: Plnt height of tomto ws significntly ffected y the intr-row spcing tretments ut there is non-significnt difference etween tretment T 3 (30 x 50cm) nd T 4 (35 x 50cm) s indicted in Tle 3. The tllest plnt height ws otined from the tretment T (0 x 50cm) which gve height of 5.67cm. The shortest plnt height (6.33cm) ws recorded from the tretment T 4 (35 x 50cm). This result is in greement with [] who reported tht mximum plnt height ws oserved from lower spcing due to mximum competition for light nd ir. Numer of Primry Brnches: ANOVA indicted tht there were highly significnt differences mong tretments for numer of primry rches. The mximum numer of primry rnches recorded from T (5 x 50cm), ut not sttisticlly different from T (0 x 50cm) wheres the minimum numer of primry rches recorded from the tretment T 3 (5 x 50cm). This result in line with [] who reported tht incresed plnt intr-row spcing decresed the numer of rnches plnt. This is due to more nutrient, moisture nd spce ecome ville for the other vegettive growth thn rnches. Numer of Flower Plnt : Intr-row spcing ws noignificntly different t (p<0.05) for numer of flower plnt s shown in Tle 3. But the mximum numer of flower per plnt were otined from T (5 x 50cm) nd T (0 x 50cm) with verge counted numer 5.67 nd 4.00, respectively. The men seprtion conducted using LSD indicted there were no-significnt differences occurred mong ll intr-row spcing. This result contrdicted to report presented y [] tht the highest numer of flower per plnt recorded from the wider spcing (30cm) nd he sttes tht incresing plnt spcing more thn 30cm hd little ddition of flower numer plnt, so sed on his findings incresing intr-row spcing greter thn 30cm is not needed. 76

4 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 7 (): 74-78, 07 Tle 3: Men vlues of growth prmeter of tomto Rom VF Men vlues Tretments PLH (cm) N B (No.) NFPPL (No.) LAPPL (cm ) T (50x0cm) T (50x5cm) T 3 (50x30cm) c T 4 (50x35cm) c Men LSD(0.05) CV (%) Men vlues shring similr letter in column re sttisticlly noignificnt t P<0.05. Lef Are Plnt : Intr-row spcing significntly ffect lef re plnt t (p<0.05). The highest lef re otined from the wider spcing T 4 (35 x 50cm) with men vlues of.98cm while the lowest recorded from T (0 x 50cm). This result is in line with [3] nd [3], they reported tht the wider re llow to hve high mount of moisture, nutrient, ir nd light ville from the wider spcing thus the surfce of the lef is increses nd more photosynthesis tkes plce. Conclusion nd Recommendtio: Tomto is the most importnt vegetle crop in Ethiopi, providing higher income to smll scle frmers compred to other vegetle crops. However, tomto production in Ethiopi is highly cotrined y severl fctors. Improper plnt spcing is mong the notle reson of low productivity of this crop. The study ws therefore minly conducted to investigte the effect of different level of intr-row spcing on the growth of tomto under Dere Mrkos condition. It ws crried out under field condition of Dere Mrkos University College of Agriculture nd Nturl Resource, Deprtment of Horticulture Reserch sttion site in 06 off seson using irrigtion. The experiment is one fctor nd with four tretments (0, 5, 30 nd 35cm) y 50cm intr-row spcing on Rom-VF vriety rrnged in RCBD with three replictio. From the study conducted, intr row spcing hd vlid effect on growth nd development of tomto. Plnts t intr-row spcing of 5cm hd comprtively higher numer of rnches nd flowers thn other tretments. While the tllest plnt height ws otined from intr-row spcing of 0cm nd the plnt spcing t intr-row 35cm hd lrge lef re. Generlly, this reserch indictes tht higher plnt deity (nrrow spcing less thn 5cm) gretly ffected plnt growth nd s coequence it lso ffect finl yield of tomto plnt. Incresing plnt spcing more thn 5cm reduced the numer of rnches, plnt height nd numer of flower plnt. To produce higher fruit yield, tomto grower in the study re should e encourged to use intr-spcing of 50 x 5cm for Rom-VF vriety. Finlly, this reserch is one seson reserch nd it did not coider yield nd yield ttriutes due time cotrint, thus such type of reserch should e repeted over time nd spce to determine the est intr-row spcing for tomto vriety Rom-VF. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The uthor would like to thnk Dere Mrkos University Horticulture deprtment stffs for their technicl ssistnce nd vlule comments given during the progress of this reserch project. REFERENCES. Agyem, K., B. Osei, I. Berchie, J.N. Mochih nd B. Mee, 04. Effect of poultry mnure nd different comintion of in orgnic fertilizer on growth nd yield of four tomto vrieties in Ghn, Agriculture Science, (4): Tun, N.M. nd N.T. Mo, 05. Effect of plnt deity on growth nd yield of tomto t Thi Nguyen, Vietnm. Interntionl Journl of Plnt & Soil Science, 7(6): Lemm, D., 00. Tomto reserch experiences nd production prospects, Ethiopin Agriculturl Reserch Orgniztion Reserch report, No CSA, 05. The Federl Democrtic Repulic of Ethiopi Centrl Sttisticl Agency Agriculturl Smple Survey 04/5, Addis A, Ethiopi: Sttisticl Bulletin 578, : Prmr, P., R.B. Surmnin nd A.K.K. Achkzi, 0. Optimiztion of growth regultors for shoot induction nd regenertion of Tomto (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). Acd. J. Plnt Sci., 5(4): Dvid, Son H., 000. Nursery mngement nd dministrtion nd culture, Ed, prentice hll, Egle wood cliff, New Jersy, pp: FAO, 989 nd 004. Production yer ook: tomto! Voe-4, pp: Lemm, D., Z. Yyeh nd E. Herlth, 99. Agronomic studies on tomto nd cpsicum vitmin content of horticulture crops posthrvest iology nd technology, pp: 53: In 0: Mehl, C.P., V.K. Srivstv, S, Jge, R. Mngt, J. Singh nd M. Rm, 000. Respoe of tomto vrieties to N nd P fertiliztion nd spcing. Indin Journl of Agriculturl Reserch, 34(3):

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