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1 a 1 HEK293 1 B 3 3 T GFPSMAD TGFβ (T)/ BMP (B) IB: SMAD1/3TP IB: GFP b wild type mouse tissue kidney thymus seminal vesicle liver lung brain adipose tissue muscle pancreas heart uterus spleen testis IB: tubulin c brain bone skin breast colon cervix lung A172 U87 U2OS G361 BT474 MCF7 T47D HCT HT29 LoVo SW6 HeLa NCIH441 NCIH727 IB: SMAD2/3 IB: tubulin d IgG IP OTUB1 U2OS input TGFβ FLAG FLAGSMAD3 FLAGSMAD3 phosphomutant FLAGSMAD3 phosphomimetic IB: FLAGSMAD3 Supplementary Figure S1: OTUB1 is ubiquitously expressed. (a) HEK293 cells stably expressing GFPSMAD1 or GFPSMAD3 were treated with BMP ( ng/ml) or TGFβ ( pm) respectively for 1 hour prior to lysis. Extracts were resolved by SDS PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. (b) Indicated mouse tissues were homogenised in lysis buffer, and µg of protein lysate were resolved by SDS PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies against OTUB1, GAPDH and tubulin (the latter ones used as loading controls). (c) Different cancer cell lines were lysed and extracts resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. GAPDH and tubulin immunoblots were used as loading controls. (d) U2OS cells were transfected with vectors encoding wild type FLAGSMAD3, FLAGSMAD3 phosphomutant or FLAGSMAD3 phosphomimetic mutant and were treated with TGFβ ( pm; 1 h) prior to lysis. Extracts or IPs with preimmune IgG or OTUB1 antibody were resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. 1
2 * relative CAGA luciferase activity (%) TGFβ sirna ifoxo4 iotub1 Supplementary Figure S2: Depletion of OTUB1 represses TGFβinduced transcriptional reporter activity. C2C12 cells stably expressing a SMAD3 dependent TGFβresponsive CAGA luciferase reporter construct were transfected with ifoxo4 or iotub1#3. Cells were treated with or without pm TGFβ for 6 hours prior to lysis and luciferase activity was measured. Data are represented as mean and error bars indicate standard deviation (n=3). Statistical significance of differences between experimental groups was assessed with Student s ttest. Differences with p<0.05 were annotated as *. 2
3 a in vitro K48ub 27 GSTOTUB1 WT ΔN D88A C91S H265A D/H D/C/H b in vitro K63ub 27 GSTOTUB1 WT ΔN D88A C91S H265A D/H D/C/H c IPFLAG input HEK293 TGFβ FLAGSMAD3 HAOTUB1 IB: HAOTUB1 IB: FLAGSMAD3 IB: HAOTUB1 IB: FLAGSMAD3 IB: GSTOTUB1 IB: GSTOTUB1 IB: SMAD3TP Supplementary Figure S3: Assessment of OTUB1 mutants in in vitro deubiquitylation assays. (a) Purified GSTOTUB1 or the indicated GSTOTUB1 mutants were incubated with K48linked 27 ubiquitin chains in DUB assay buffer for 1 hour at 30 C and proteins were resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted with GST or ubiquitin antibodies. (b) As in b, except the DUB assay was performed with K63linked 27 ubiquitin chains. (c) HEK293 cells were cotransfected with vectors encoding Nterminal HAtagged OTUB1 and Nterminal FLAGtagged SMAD3. Prior to lysis cells were treated with pm TGFβ for 1 hour. FLAGIPs or extracts were resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. 3
4 a b IPFLAG transiently transfected HEK293 Bortezomib, Lactacystin TGFβ FLAGSMAD3 HAOTUB1 HAOTUB1 ΔN HAOTUB1 K71R HAOTUB1 C91S HAOTUB1 H265A IB: HAOTUB1 IB: FLAGSMAD3 2 1 FlpIn HEK293 GFPOTUB tetracycline (h) Bortezomib ( µm, 3h) IB: HAOTUB1 IB: GFP IB: FLAGSMAD3 input 2 1 Supplementary Figure S4: OTUB1 inhibits ubiquitylation in cells. (a) HEK293 cells were cotransfected with vectors encoding Nterminal HAtagged OTUB1 or indicated HAOTUB1 mutants (ΔN, K71R, C91S, H265A) and Nterminal FLAGtagged SMAD3. Prior to lysis (in the presence of Iodoacetamide) cells were treated with or without pm TGFβ for 1 hour, µm Bortezomib and µm Lactacystin for 3 hours. FLAGIPs or extracts were resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted (IB) with the indicated antibodies. (b) HEK293 FlpIn cells expressing GFPOTUB1 under a tetracycline inducible promoter were treated with tetracycline for 6 or 24 hours in the presence or absence of Bortezomib ( µm, 3h). Extracts were resolved by SDS PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. 4
5 a b c HEK293 IPFLAG M1 ub 27 K48 ub 27 K63 ub 27 HANEDD4L FLAGSMAD3 IB: K48ubiquitin IB: HANEDD4L IB: FLAGSMAD3 d HEK293 HaCaT WT Bortezomib HANEDD4L IB: SMAD2/3 IB: HANEDD4L ΔN CS * iotub1 Rescue 2 1 in vitro DUB added after SMAD3 ubiquitylation ubiquitylated SMAD3 GSTOTUB1 WT ΔN D88A C91S H265A D/H D/C/H K71R HaCaT ΔN WT CS iotub1 Rescue IB: FLAG IB: GSTOTUB1 IB: SMAD3 * = OTUB1 ΔN is not recognised by the OTUB1 antibody, but can be detected with antiflag Supplementary Figure S5: OTUB1 inhibits NEDD4L mediated SMAD3 degradation. (a) HEK293 cells were cotransfected with vectors encoding HA NEDD4L and FLAGSMAD3. Prior to lysis (in the presence of Iodoacetamide) cells were treated with pm TGFβ for 1 hour and µm Bortezomib for 3 hours. FLAG IPs and linear, K48 or K63linked ubiquitin (27 molecules) chains were resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted (IB) with K48linkage specific and total ubiquitin antibodies. (b) HEK293 cells were transfected with HANEDD4L. Prior to lysis (in the presence of Iodoacetamide) cells were treated with pm TGFβ for 1 hour and with or without µm Bortezomib for 3 hours. Extracts were resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted (IB) with the indicated antibodies. (c) SMAD3 was ubiquitylated in vitro in ubiquitylation assay buffer for 1 hour at 30 C with HisUBE1 (E1), UBE2D1 (E2), HisNEDD4L (E3) and FLAGubiquitin. An in vitro DUB assay of polyubiquitylated SMAD3 was performed with GSTOTUB1 and the indicated GST OTUB1 mutants in DUB assay buffer for 1 hour at 30 C and proteins were resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. (d) HaCaT cells were stably transfected with vectors encoding sirnaresistant silent mutations (rescue) of the indicated OTUB1 constructs. These cells were then transfected with control FoxO4 or OTUB1#1 sirna (300 pm/cm dish each) for 48 h. Extracts were resolved by SDSPAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. 5
6 Marker GFP GFP OTUB1 2 1 OTUB1 * UBE2 Supplementary Figure S6: OTUB1 binds UBE2 enzymes. GFP and GFPOTUB1 immunoprecipitates from HEK293 cells stably expressing these proteins were lysed in the presence of DSP and GFPIPs were separated by SDSPAGE and interacting proteins identified by mass spectrometry (cf. Supplementary Table S2). 6
7 a HaCaT TGFβ B M B M B= Bortezomib, M= MG132 b 4 4 HaCaT Bortezomib time (h) after TGFβ removal 2 1 IB: SMAD3TP IB: SMAD2TP IB: SMAD3TP IB: SMAD2TP IB: SMAD4 IB: SMAD2/3 Supplementary Figure S7: Bortezomib stabilises tailphosphorylated SMAD2 and 3. (a) HaCaT cells were treated with TGFβ ( pm) and Bortezomib or MG132 ( µm) for 3 hours. Extracts were resolved with SDSPAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. (b) HaCaT cells were treated with TGFβ ( pm) for 1 hour and the media was replaced with serum free media, supplemented with SB5124 (1 µm) in the presence or absence of Bortezomib ( µm). Cells were lysed at the indicated times after removal of TGFβ, extracts resolved with SDSPAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. 7
8 Supplementary Figure S8: Original scans of the key western blots presented in the manuscript: Figure 1b IB: SMAD2/3 IB: SMAD3LP IB: SMAD3TP IB: SMAD4 IB: SMAD1TP IB: SMAD7 Figure 2d IB: SMAD4 IB: SMAD2TP 8
9 Figure 5c IB: FLAGSMAD2/3/4 Figure 7b IB: SMAD2TP (low) IB: SMAD2TP (high) IB: SMAD3TP IB: SMAD2/3 IB: SMAD4 9
10 Supplementary Table S1: Assessment of OTUB1 mutants in in vitro deubiquitylation assays. Outline of the ability of OTUB1 mutants to bind SMAD3, cleave K48linked ubiquitin or inhibit ubiquitylation of SMAD3. mutant binds SMAD3 cleaves K48ub chains in vitro inhibits SMAD3 ubiquitylation WT ΔN D88A C91S H265A D/H D/C/H K71R Supplementary Table S2: OTUB1 binds UBE2 enzymes. The table lists E2 enzymes that were identified as interactors of GFPOTUB1 but not GFP. UBE2D1 was used for the ubiquitylation assays. Gene Protein Name MW (Da) score peptide coverage UBE2N Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 N % UBE2E1 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 E % UBE2E2 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 E % UBE2E3 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 E % UBE2D2 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 D % UBE2D3 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 D % UBE2V2 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 variant % UBE2V1 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 variant % Putative ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 UBE2NL Nlike % UBE2D1 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 D % UBE2D4 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 D % UBE2L3 Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 L %
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