PRODUCTIVITY STUDY OF FOUR AVOCADO CULTIVARS IN ALGARVE REGION

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "PRODUCTIVITY STUDY OF FOUR AVOCADO CULTIVARS IN ALGARVE REGION"

Barnaby Grant
6 years ago
Views:

1 1999. Revist Chpingo Serie Hortiultur 5: PRODUCTIVITY STUDY OF FOUR AVOCADO CULTIVARS IN ALGARVE REGION Edurdo Leopoldo Ferreir Direção Regionl de Agriultur do Algrve Aprtdo 282, 8 Fro Portugl SUMMARY With the purpose to proeed t produtivity study of four vodo ultivrs nd influene of four rootstoks, Direção Regionl de Agriultur do Algrve hs estlished t Centro de Experimentção Horto Frutíol do Ptão, on My 1983, vodo trils. From severl prmeters, whih hve een registered, some results were lredy pulished. Only dt relting to ultivr prodution were not yet mtter of ny writing referene. For the produtivity were seleted Hss, Reed, Bon nd Fuerte s sion ultivrs, s well s Top-Top, Lul, Antilhno of Cnáris nd Duke 7 s rootstoks. Along fourteen yers of oservtions ( ), it ws onfirmed signifint effet of ultivr x rootstok intertion on the prodution, eing in the limelight the Bon x Lul symiont. KEY WORDS: Perse merin Mill.,Avodo, ultivr evlution, Rootstok. INTRODUCTION Our urrent Deennium hs emphsised the option of the fruit onsumer, reognising, in turn, the term "New Fruit-Growing", known lso s "Tropil Fruits". This tendeny, when hnge of nutritious diet is tken into onsidertion, will inrese ordingly, s long s re known fruit qulities of this group whih reh superior nutritious level to some Mediterrnen fruits. Among the grrin pursuits developed in the Algrve, the fruit tree is relevnt prodution. Bering in mind desire diversifition of prodution, plus southern Portugl's dvntgeous onditions, the votionl mition of the Algrve frmer is this: oneption nd understnding, throughout the lst few yers, of the ever inresing importne nd ulture of new speies. The vodo isn't inluded here, s its introdution to the Algrve is too reent. It's solutely essentil to understnd the vodo's dpttion to lol onditions s well s its produtive ility. As result, Direção Regionl de Agriultur do Algrve re putting into effet n experimentl work sed on trils estlished from

2 Using four previously seleted ultivrs, the purpose of the present study is to gin knowledge of speies produtivity, s well s knowledge of the influene of used rootstoks. MATERIAL AND METHODS The tril strted in 1985 from plot 1 of Centro de Experimentção Horto-Frutíol do Ptão, within the ounil of Fro, t n orhrd fully grown s of My density 313 trees, sping of 8 m x 4 m nd estlished on ly lom soil. The orhrd re ws 5.9 m 2. Hss, Bon, Fuerte nd Reed ultivrs were used, grfted on Top-Top, Lul, Antilhno ds Cnris nd Duke 7. Grfted plnts t Lul nd Duke 7 hve emnted from, respetively, Blno Nursery, of Velez-Mlg (Spin) nd Brokw Nursery, of Cliforni (U.S.A). The reminder were otined from Centro de Experimentção Agrári de Tvir (Algrve - Portugl) using Top-Top seed nd four ultivrs vegettive mteril, then in study, from Estion Experimentl "L Myor" of Algrroo-Cost (Spin). Antilhno seed ws quired from Instituto Cnrio de Investigiones Agrris, of Tenerife (Spin). Experimentl design ws of rndom loks, with four repetitions nd 32 plnts per plot, with two plnts of the sme omintion, ultivr nd rootstok on eh plot. The grfting type in use ws left-grft. Irrigtion, during the first yers, took ple through miro-tue of 3 mm x 1 mm with 4 liter h -1 deit. Susequently the system ws enhned y self-regulted mirospryers with 7 liter h -1 deit. The overll surrounds of the tril were instlled with wind rek fixed t the foot of the vodo trees. Applied fertiliztion ws sed on results of soil nd lef nlysis. At this work yield results re sttistilly treted. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Aording to sttistil study (Tle 1), on the men of oservtion yers ( ), there ws signifint effet (P.5) of ultivr x rootstok intertion on yield (kg tree - 1 ). Attending to the fruit numer/tree (Tle 2), suh intertion ws not signifint (P>.5). Effets of ultivr or rootstok s independents, were, however, t oth ses, highly signifint (P.1). 2

3 the Dunn test (Figure 1) onfirms tht the est omintion, in terms of prodution, ws the omintion of Lul x Bon. There were, however, no signifint differenes when the sme ultivr ws grfted on remining rootstoks, likewise Fuerte on other rootstoks, with the exeption of Antilhno - this otherwise leds verge lower produtions with Hss, Fuerte nd Reed ultivrs. Although without signifint differenes mong the numer of fruit (P>.5), highest verge produtions were otined t the ost of higher numers of fruit. As Figure 2 shows, the most produtive ultivr, independent of rootstok, ws Bon. With reltion to the fruit numer, s Hss nd Bon ultivrs, there ren t signifint differenes. Exluding the influene of ultivr, ll rootstoks - when prodution (Figure 3) nd the numer of fruit were tken into onsidertion - were superior to Antilhno. Finlly when onsidering the vrile yer, yield differenes were highly signifint (P.1) (Tle 1). The most produtive yer ws 1998 (Figure 4). Results show, however, from 1991 on, the tendeny is for stilistion of prodution. Differenes were disovered mong verge produtions - ultimtely due to onditions ourring nnully, more or less suitle for the rop. CONCLUSIONS Following dt nlysis otined, some signifint onlusions n e detiled. There is signifint effet with the intertion of ultivr nd rootstok, Lul x Bon the est prodution exmple. There re no signifint differenes for tht on remining rootstoks, nd the ultivr Fuerte on ll rootstoks, with the exeption of Antilhno. The rootstok Antilhno leds verge lower produtions with Hss, Fuerte nd Reed. Independently of rootstok, Bon ws the most produtive ultivr. The results show tht the tendeny, sine 1991, hs een towrds stilistion in prodution. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The uthor wishes to thnk Drª Engª Agrª Mri de Fátim Clouro Alves, of the Lortory Químio-Agríol Reelo d Silv (INIA), for her ssistne on dt sttistil tretment. Engº Pulo Oliveir should lso e gretly knowledged for his ontriution to this work. 3

4 LITERATURE CITED BEN YA ACOV, A Avodo rootstok. Sion reltionships. A long term, lrge sle field reserh projet. Clif. Avodo. So. Yerook. FERREIRA, E. L Ensio de dptção e vlição de port-enxertos x vrieddes de teiro. Frutiultur Experimentção Frutíol no Algrve Alguns Aspetos: DRAALG / DDI. STOREY, W.B Evlution of vodo vrieties nd rootstoks. University of Cliforni, Citrus Experiment Sttion, Riverside. 4

5 Tle 1. Anlysis of vrine Prodution (kg tree -1 ). Soure of vrition d.f. Sum of squres (SQ) Men squre F-rtio Replition 3 1,7278E1 5,75933E9 9,22 *** Yer 13 3,6611E11 2,81616E1 45,1 *** Rootstok (R) 3 1,46378E1 4,87926E9 7,81 *** Cultivr (V) 3 2,16679E1 7,22262E9 11,57 *** Intertion (R 9 1,12852E1 1,25391E9 2,1 * V) Residul ,63643E11 6,24471E8 Totl ,29461E12 * - P,5; *** - P,1 Tle 2. Anlysis of vrine Prodution (numer of fruits per tree) Soure of vrition d.f. Sum of squres (SQ) Men squre F-rtio Replition , ,2 3,21 ** Yer 13 5,72218E , 44,2 *** Rootstok (R) , 71971,6 7,19 *** Cultivr (V) , , 25,38 *** Intertion (R , 1638,6 1,64 n.s. V) Residul ,38418E7 18,5 Totl ,8158E7 n.s. P>,5; * - P,5; ** - P,1; *** - P,1 5

6 Kg.tree ef de df def d de def f f f Re ed Hss Fuerte Bon 1 5 Lul Top-Top Duke 7 Antilhno Nº fruits.tree Hss Fuerte Reed Bon 2 Lul Top-Top Duke 7 Antilhno Figure 1. Averge effets of ultivr x rootstok intertion on men yield. 6

7 Kg.tree Hss Fuerte Reed Bon Nº fruits.tree Hss Fuerte Reed Bon Figure 2. Averge effets of ultivr on prodution. 7

8 4 Kg.tree Lul Top-Top Duke 7 Antilhno Nº fruits.tree Lul Top-Top Duke 7 Antilhno Figure 3. Averge effets of rootstok on prodution. 8

9 Figure 4. Averge prodution over the length of 14 yers of tests ( ). 6 5 Kg.tree e 1985 e 1986 de 1987 de d d Nº fruits.tree f 1985 ef 1986 def 1987 de de d

Crop Rotations, Reduced Tillage and N Fertilization Effects on Corn Yields And Aflatoxin Levels

Crop Rotations, Reduced Tillage and N Fertilization Effects on Corn Yields And Aflatoxin Levels Crop Rottions, Redued Tillge nd N Fertiliztion Effets on Corn Yields And Afltoxin Levels J.E. Mtoh nd M. Rihrdson Texs AgriLife Reserh nd Extension Center Stte Hwy Corpus Christi, TX 78- jmtoh@g.tmu.edu