Effect of Planting Date and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Maize (SC 704)

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1 Amerin-Eursin J Agri & Environ Si, 3 (7): 94-99, 203 ISSN IDOSI Pulitio, 203 DOI: 05829/idosiejes Effet of Plnting Dte nd Nitrogen Fertilizer Applition on Grin Yield nd Yield Components in Mize (SC 704) 2 Mrym Jsemi, Fereshteh Dri, Rhim Nseri, 3 Hoshng Nserird nd Smn Bzdr Deprtment of Agriulture, Pyme Noor University, PO Box , Tehrn, Irn 2 Deprtment of Agronomy nd Plnt Breeding, Fulty of Agriulture, Ilm University, Ilm, Irn 3 Fulty Memer, Deprtment of Agriulture, Pyme Noor University, PO Box , Tehrn, Irn Astrt: In order to determine the effet of plnting dte nd nitrogen requirements on the lef re index (LAI) nd grin yield of orn hyrid (vriety SC704), field experiment ws rried out in the ftoril rrngement in rndomized omplete lok design with three replitio t Gorgn Agriulture University during ropping seson Three sowing dtes (My 4, nd My 22, July 3) were ssigned s min plot nd four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 00, 50 nd 200 kgh ) were seleted s su plot The results showed tht sowing dte hd signifint effet on grin yield, numer of kernels per row, numer of kernels per er, 000-grin weight, iomss, hrvest index nd plnt height to sheth So tht the highest grin yield ws otined with 654 kgh on My 22 Nitrogen fertilizer pplition ws signifintly ffeted on studied trits expet numer of kernels per row Applition of 50 kgh produed grin yield of 768 kgh while non using nitrogen fertilizer produed of 6547 kgh On the other hnd, with inresing nitrogen fertilizer from 50 N kgh to 200 N kgh deresed grin yield Key words: Corn Nitrogen fertilizer Sowing dte Grin yield INTRODUCTION development [4] s the grin yield is determined y grin numer nd individul grin weight, whih were ffeted Mize (Ze mys L) is n importnt erel rop, y pre nd post silking environmentl onditio, ultivted throughout the world, is of signifint respetively In order to use the rops to est utilize importne for ountries like Irn, where rpid inrese in moisture, nutrients nd solr rdition, they must een popultion hve lredy out stripped the ville food grown on n optimum sowing dte Mny studies hve supplies [] Mize is produed primrily for humn een emphsized the nitrogen positive effet on grin oumption s either fresh or proessed produt yield inrese, per er grin nd grin weight in mize In ddition, mize is produed for niml feed nd different hyrids [5] Jokl nd Rndll [6] reported tht industril uses suh s strh, flour, ethnol, ooking nitrogen mnure oumption inrese is y size, lef syrup nd risp [2] Fertilizer pplition is one of the life length whih uses the lef re index inresed quikest nd esiest wys to inresing yield per unit Nitrogen oumption hs strnge effet on prodution re Experimentl studies showed tht inresed mize nd expnding lef re plnts whih reeive the most produtivity, however, the prolem with fertilizer nutrient nitrogen ontin more lef re index thn wild plnts [7] supplementtion is tht it leds to pollution of Fedotkin nd Krvtsov [8] found tht the est growth nd groundwter fter hrvest nd does not improved soil highest yields were otined with 240 kg N h Plnt struture [3] The lter influened plnt growth nd height, o length, gri er nd 000 grin weight Corresponding Author: Rhim Nseri, Deprtment of Agriulture, Pyme Noor University, PO Box , Tehrn, Irn Tel:

2 Am-Eurs J Agri & Environ Si, 3 (7): 94-99, 203 Tle : Physil nd hemil properties of soil hrteristi of the experimentl site P Texture soil mgkg K Totl N (%) Orgni mtter (%) EC dsm ph Lomy ly snd Tle 2: The verge of preipittion nd temperture in ropping seson Month Minimum temperture (%) Mximum temperture (%) Preipittion (mm) Minimum moisture (%) Minimum moisture (%) Mr Apr My June Aug sept ot Nov inresed signifintly with inresing N rte [9] Experimentl plots oisted of 8 m six plnting rows Nunes et l [0] indited tht yield nd ll omponent in 75 m sping Smples seleted rndomly from ny of the plnt inresed y inresing levels of nitrogen plot to lulting plnt height, the numer of kernels per fertilizer Believe the lk of nitrogen delys orn row nd the numer of kernels per er nd then sent to reprodutive stge nd vegettive levels nd ffet on lortory Five smples form seeds of ny ultivr lef expnding re nd lef re durility oservtion Counted seprtely nd weighted y lne fter whih hve done show tht sowing dte dely use dry hrvesting nd their men lulted nd reported s mtter redution nd lef re index This study ws grin weight 6m hrvested fter foil ripeness nd rried out in order to investigte the effet of nitrogen 4% moisture of grin nd omitting two side line snd nd plnting dte on the on grin yield in mize (SC 704) edge of then rop mount of ny plot weighted nd in Gorgn region, Irn determined s kg/h Index hrvest lulted s dividing grin yield y iologil yield multiplied y 00 Lef Are MATERIALS AND METHODS Index ws lulted y tool (AM 00, Hlffmn Germny) Sttistil lultio lulted using In order to determine the effet of plnting dte nd ' MSTAT- softwre nd me ompred using Dun nitrogen requirements on the nd grin yield of mize Multiple Rnge Test (SC 704), field experiment ws rried out in the ftoril rrngement in rndomized omplete lok design with RESULTS AND DISCUSSION three replitio t Gorgn Agriulture University during ropping seson of in Gorgn, Irn Grin Yield: Sowing dte nd nitrogen levels hd (Ltitude 36 5: longitude nd 55m height from signifintly effet on grin yield (Tle 3) The highest se) Sowing dte t three sowing dtes (My 4, nd nd lowest grin yield ws produed from the 22 My My 22, July 3) were ssigned s min plot nd four with men 654 kh nd 3 July with men 6502 kgh, levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 00, 50 nd 200 kgh ) respetively This oservtion is onformity with were seleted s su plot Physil nd hemil inresing nitrogen level from 0 to 50 kgh nitrogen properties of soil nd the verge of preipittion re signifintly inresed grin yield from 6547 to 654 showed in (Tle &2) kgh,while further inrese to 50 kg N h Irrigtion performed one every dy, in erly of plnt signifintly redued the grin yield to 8648kg h growth period nd next tht, one 9 dys, 300 kgh ure, inditing tht ddition of more quntity of nitrogen ws 50 kgh super phosphte nd 00 kgh sulfte unneessry eyond 200kgh Grj [] studied the effet potsh used for ll tretments sed on soil test of sowing dte on inrese of orn yield nd funtion Used seeds disinfeted y fungiide nd vitwx efore during the yers in Arlington in Mexio nd plnting Firstly, 3-5 m furrow to ssuring, rowing seeds they found out tht the performne dereses in lte nd homogeneity in vegettive over of frm plnts sowing Crlone nd Russell [2] reported tht grin yield thinned of fter full plnting nd growing seeds t 4 ws inresed y 78% s nitrogen rte ws inresed leves stge from 0 to 80 kgh 95

3 Am-Eurs J Agri & Environ Si, 3 (7): 94-99, 203 Numer of Kernels per Row: Dt regrding to the effet trfer of photosynthesis mterils nd seed filling ws of sowing dte nd nitrogen levels on numer of gri not provided Other study, Hunter nd et l, [6] reported per er row re given in Tle 3 Men ompriso tht y dely in sowing, plnt growth period is shortened, indited tht mximum numer of gri per er row nd providing enough Assimilte to sve in seeds 52 kernels ws oserved for My 22 sown nd minimum dereses nd eventully redued the weight of orn vlue 4 kernels for July 3 sown dte The respoe of seed Khn et l, [7] indited tht the dely in sowing numer of gri per er row to nitrogen levels ws leds to derese in single seed weight In the seond signifint The mximum numer of gri per er row sowing dte, due to fvorle onditio for (4786 kernels) ws reorded t 50 kgh nd the photosynthesis in the plnt nd trfer more produed minimum (432 kernels) in non using nitrogen fertilizer Assimilte to growing seeds, 000-grin weight inreses, ut on the third sowing dte due to deresing ir Numer of Kernels per Er: Dt regrding to the effet temperture, plnt hs little opportunity for trferring of sowing dte nd nitrogen levels on numer of kernels photosyntheti mteril is to the grin The 000 grin per er re given in Tle 3 The respoe of sowing dte weight t 50 kgh level of nitrogen with the verge of ws signifint to numer of kernels per er On the other g ws the mximum mount nd hs signifint hnd, men ompriso indited tht the mximum differene with the ontrol group nd 200 kgh levels numer of kernels per er (726 kernels) ws reorded for The 000-grin weight ws the minimum mount in ontrol My 22 sown dte while, the minimum (5745 kernels) group with the verge of 2407 g (Tle 4) Also Uhhrt for July 3 sown Numer of kernels per er plys n nd Andréd [7] onluded tht nitrogen defiieny importnt role in determining grin yield The respoe of redues yield nd this redution is in oth the grin numer of kernels per er to nitrogen levels ws numer nd grin weight signifint (Tle 3) Aross nitrogen levels the mximum numer of kernels per er (6774 kernels) ws reorded t Biomss: Sowing dte nd nitrogen levels signifintly 50 kgh while, the minimum (5997 kernels) t 0 kgh ffeted iomss (Tle 3) Biomss prodution t finl On the other hnd, the numer of kernels per er ws hrvest ws highest in My 22 sown plnts (789 kh ) inresed with inresing nitrogen level Our results nd ws higher thn My 4 sown plnts (49 kgh ) onur prtly with oservtio mde y Snjeev nd nd July 3 sown plnts (200 kgh ), respetively Bngrw [3], who reported tht the kernel numer Among the different mounts of nitrogen fertilizer on deresed with inresing nitrogen level Similr results iomss, it ws determined tht the highest iomss is hve een reported y Torert et l [4] for the 50 N kgh with n verge of 7020 kgh The lowest mount of tretment (without nitrogen 000-grin Weight: 000-grin weight ws ffeted y fertilizer) ws the verge of 2950 kgh sowing dte (Tle 3) 000-grin weight ws redued from g in the My 22 sown plnts to 2732 nd Hrvest Index (HI): Hrvest index inditing trforming 228g on 4 My nd 3 July sown plnts, respetively perent photosyntheti mtters from vegettive org (Tle 4) The 000-grin weight resulting from delyed (soure) to seeds (sink) [8] HI ws inresed from 44% sowing ws proly due to low dily inident rdition in July 3 sown plnts to 57% in the My 22 sown plnts whih is oistent with findings of Cirilo nd Andrde (Tle 4) HI inresed s the nitrogen level inrese [4] The signifint orreltion etween yield nd The gretest HI ws produed from 50kg nitrogen 000-grin weight (Tle 3) reveled tht grin yield treted plnts (57%) nd ws 55%, 52% nd 43% higher redution ssoited with deyed sowing ws proly thn 00, 200kg nitrogen nd nitrogen treted plnts, due to redution in 000-grin weight This onfirmed respetively The men ompriso (Tle 4) showed erlier findings from Adedirn nd Bnjoko [5] whih tht hrvest index hd signifint differenes in different showed tht pplition of nitrogen is importnt input for levels of nitrogen, so tht the mximum hrvest index enhning yield of mize ourred in 50 kgh level with n verge of 57 nd the The dely in sowing dte on 3 July leds to g ws ontrol group hd the minimum hrvest index with the redued grin weight to 228g This suggests tht verge 43 The ontrol group hs signifint differene euse of shortening the growth period, orn ws with the levels of 00 kgh, 50 kgh nd 200 kgh ffeted y the short dys of lte growth period, low sun whih re oistent with the opinio of Guindo et l rdition, low ir temperture nd the opportunity for [9], Hvlin et l [20] nd Muhow [2] They elieved 96

4 Am-Eurs J Agri & Environ Si, 3 (7): 94-99, 203 Tle 3: Anlysis of vrine for yield nd yield omponents in pplition nitrogen rtes MS Grin Numer of Numer of 000-grin Hrvest Plnt height Lef SOV df yield kernels per row kernels per er weight Biomss index to sheth re index Replition Sowing dte Error Nitrogen fertilizer sowing dte Nitrogen fertilizer Error n CV (%) nd Signifint t 5% nd % levels, respetively Ns Non-signifint Tle 4: Men ompriso of sowing dte nd nitrogen rtes on studied trits Grin yield Numer of Numer of 000-grin Biomss Hrvest Plnt height Tretment (kgh ) kernels per row kernels per er weight (g) (kgh ) Index (%) to sheth (m) LAI Sowing dte My My July Nitrogen fertilizer (kgh ) d Me, in eh olumn, followed y similr letter re not signifintly different t the 5% proility level- using Dunn s Multiple Rnge Test Tle 5: Intertion effet etween sowing dte nd nitrogen fertilizer pplition on lef re index nd plnt height to sheth Lef re index Plnt height to sheth (m) My 4 39d d My d July Me, in eh olumn, followed y similr letter re not signifintly different t the 5% proility level- using Dunn's Multiple Rnge Test tht if oumption of nitrogen inreses, the plnt will different levels of nitrogen on plnt height re given in hve the more use possiility nd y more nitrogen (Tle 3) In generl, the mximum plnt height Mize soring y the roots nd trferring to reprodutive plnts were tllest in those plnts tht reeived 50 org, hrvest index will inrese While in the sitution kgh followed y00 kgh while, the shortest plnts of this element lk (espeilly in the seed filling stge) were those plnts without tretment The defiieny of trferring nd ssigning it to the seed dereses nd mjor nutrients in the plots without nitrogen tretment oequently leds to dereses of nitrogen hrvest index stunted the plnts growth The tllest plnts were nd protein funtion oserved in My 22 sown plnts treted with 50 kg N h Anlysis of vrine (Tle 4) showed tht sowing Plnt height: The height of plnt is n importnt growth dte nd nitrogen effets on finl plnt height nd lef hrter diretly linked with the produtive potentil of sheth is signifint in the sttistil level of one perent plnt in term of grin yield An optimum plnt height is The effet of sowing dte on plnt height nd pods limed to e positively orrelted with produtivity of showed tht, it is the highest mount with verge 507 plnt [22] Mize plnts were tllest in My 22 sown m in the seond sowing dte nd the lowest mount with plnts followed y My 4 nd July 3 in tht order the verge of 408 m is in the third sowing dte throughout the smpling periods (Tle 4) Nitrogen (Tle 4) These results indited tht effetive ftor in levels signifintly inresed the plnt height in mize plnt height is dte of sowing The more delyed sowing hyrid Dt regrding the effet of mize hyrid nd dte, the more redued plnt height In the erly sowing 97

5 Am-Eurs J Agri & Environ Si, 3 (7): 94-99, 203 dte, due to high temperture, the plnt psses its growth 50kgh level with n verge of 60, whih there is no stges fster nd it would end its vegettive growth signifint differene etween the ontrol group nitrogen erlier nd thus hs lower height The results were fertilizer levels nd 00 kgh respetively with the oistent the findings of Co [23] The plnt height to verges of 43 nd 44 (Tle 5) But there re signifint the sheth ws with n verge of 54 m in 50 kg h differenes with the 200 nd 50 kg h with verges of the level of nitrogen nd the ontrol group showed the 489 nd 60 respetively In third of sowing dte the lowest height with the verge 4033 m Boion [24] effet of its Intertion with different levels of nitrogen stted tht the inresing use of nitrogen fertilizer n fertilizer showed tht the highest LAI ours t the 200 inrese plnt height Inresed Nitrogen mount n kgh level of nitrogen with n verge of 57, nd it inrese plnt height nd rop growth rte (CGR) shows this ft tht inresing mounts of nitrogen inreses Morin nd Dormeny [25] reported tht dely fertilizer n mke LAI nd vegettive growth to inrese of sowing used deline in plnt height nd ompete the dely in sowing nd shortened growth period These results re in greement with the Lef Are Index:Different sowing dte nd nitrogen level findings of Yrni [2] indited tht nitrogen hs hd signifint effet on LAI throughout the smpling strong effet on the lef re prodution nd period Mximum LAI ws oserved in My 22 sown development Plnts tht re reeiving more nitrogen hve dte, followed y My 4 nd July 3 (Tles 3&4) more LAI thn the ontrol group Who lso reported tht As nitrogen deresed LAI ws lso deresed nd plnt intertion etween dely sowing deresed lef re of reeiving no nitrogen produed minimum LAI throughout mrnth t lest 963 up to 975% the smpling periods (Tle 3) The gretest LAI were given y My 22 sown plnts treted with 50 kg N h CONCLUSIONS (Tle 4) LAI oserved in My 22 sown plnts showed longer durtion thn in My 4 nd July 3 sown plnts In this experiment, nitrogen levels showed signifint Higher LAI ssoited with nitrogen treted plnts hve effets on mize hyrid yield (SC704) The highest grin een proly due to inresed lef prodution nd lef yield ws reorded t N 50 kgh nd grin yield re durtion As oequene, high mount of differenes etween erly sown nd lte sown plnts hve rdition ws interepted Aording to the results of een ttriuted to deresed dry mtter prtitioning to nlysis of vrine in Tle 3, we find out tht grin resulting in deresed grin weight Higher grin signifint differene exists etween the different levels of yield rued to the nitrogen treted plnts hve een nitrogen, so tht LAI (lef re index) t 50kgh level ttriuted mong other ftors to higher plnt height, LAI of nitrogen fertilizer with n verge of 53 is the Mximum nd effiient trfer of ssimiltes to sink leding to lef re index nd ontrol group with the verge 406 greter iomss This study reveled tht plnts sown showed the lowest lef re index (Tle 4) Intertion erly (My 22) nd given 50kgh gve the highest effet of sowing dte nd nitrogen fertilizer shows tht yield with 654 kgh plnt growth nd lef re index inresed y inresing the mount of nitrogen fertilizer in third sowing dte REFERENCES These results were in ordne with the results of other reserhers, inluding Muhow [2] showed tht the use Ashofteh Beirgi, M, S Khvri Khorsni, of nitrogen hs potent effet on lef prodution nd SH Shojei, M Ddresn Kh Mostfvi nd development The plnts whih reeive the most mount M Golshy, 20 A study on effets of plnting of nitrogen hve more lef re index thn the ontrols dtes on growth nd yield of 8 orn hyrids This result is in greement with those reported y Oikeh (Ze mys L) Amerin Journl of Experimentl et l [26] The intertion effet etween sowing dte nd Agriulture, (3): 0-20 nitrogen fertilizer on the lef re index ws signifint 2 Remison, SU, 2005 Arle nd vegetle rops So tht the mximum lef re index is for the 50 kgh Gift-Press Assoites, Benin City with n verge of 555 in the first sowing dte while, the 3 Gordon, WR, DAWhitney nd RJ Rney, 993 minimum of LAI is for the ontrol group with n verge Nitrogen mngement in furrow irrigted, ridge-tilled of 39 The intertion of seond sowing dte with orn J Prod Agri, 6: different levels of nitrogen indited tht the mximum lef 4 Cirilo, AG And FH Andrde, 996 Sowing dte nd re index of the seond sowing dte ourred with kernel weight in mize Crop Si, 36:

6 Am-Eurs J Agri & Environ Si, 3 (7): 94-99, Osorne, SL, JS Sheppers, DD Frnis nd 7 Khn, N, M Qsim, F Ahmd, R Khnzd nd MR Shlemmer, 2002 Use of spetrl Rdineto B Khn, 2002 Effets of sowing dte on yield of in-seson iomss nd grin yield in nitrogen nd mize under Agrolimti ondition of Kghn vlley wter-stressed orn Crop Si, 42: 65-7 Asin Journl of Plnt Siene, 2: Jokel, WE nd GW Rndll, 989 Corn yield nd 8 Emmi, T, R Nseri, H Flhi nd E Kzemi, 20 residul soil nitrte s ffeted y time nd rte of Respoe of yield, yield omponent nd oil ontent nitrogen pplition Agron J, 8: of sfflower (v Sin) to plnting dte nd plnt 7 Uhrt, SA nd FH Andrde, 995 Nitrogen sping on row in rinfed onditio of western defiieny in mize:ii Cron-nitrogen intertion Irn Amerin-Eursin J Agri & Environ Si, effets on kernel numer nd grin yield Crop Si, 0 (6): : Guindo, D, BR Welles nd RJ Normn, Fedotkin, IV nd IA Krvtsov, 200 Prodution of Cultivr nd nitrogen rte influenes on nitrogen grin mize under irrigted onditio Kukuruz I uptke nd prtitioning in mize Soil Siene Soiety Sorgo, 3: 5-8 of Ameri 9 Gokmen, S, O Senr nd MA Skin, Hvlin, GL, GD Beton, SL Tisdle nd WL Respoe of poporn (Ze mys) to nitrogen rtes TH Nelson, 999 Soil fertility nd fertilizers 6 ed nd plnt deities Turkish J of Agri nd Forestry Printed in the United Sttes of Ameri 25(): Muhow, RC, 988 Effet of nitrogen supply on the 0 Nunes, GHS, PSL Silv nd SGH Nunes, 996 omprtive produtivity of mize nd sorghum in Respoe of mize to nitrogen levels nd weed semi-rid tropil environment I Lef growth nd ontrol Cieni-e-Agrotenologi, 20: lef nitrogen Field Crop Res, 8: -6 Grj, GS, 2006 Effet of delyed plnting of wet 22 Seed, J, 200 Protein phosphtes tivity is seson mize rops on grin yield Indonesin required for light induile gene expression in mize Journl of Crop Siene, 4(2): EMBO J, 2: Crlone, MR nd WA Rusell, 987 Respoe to 23 Co, W, 989 Modeling Phyllohron in whet nd plnt deities nd nitrogen level for four mize rley Ph JD Diss Oregote University, ultivrs Crop Siene, 27(3): Corvllis OR 3 Snjeev, K nd AS Bngrw, 997 Yield nd yield 24 Boion, RG, 978 Prodution nd ulture In: sun omponents of witer mize (Ze mys L) s flower siene nd tehnology Crter J F (ed) influened y plnt deity nd nitrogen levels sevies N 9 AM So Agron Mdison W I, USA Agri Si Digest (Krnl), 7: 8-84 pp: Torert, HA, KN Potter nd JE Morrison, Morin, CD nd H Dormeny, 993 Limits of Tillge system, fertilizer nitrogen rte nd timing simple model to predit yield losses in mize Weed effet on orn yields in the Texs Blklnd pririe Res, 33: Agron J, 93: Oikeh, SO, G Kling nd AE Okorw, Adedirn, JA nd VA Bnjoko, 2003 Respoe of Nitrogen fertilizer mngement effets on mize grin mize to N, P nd K fertilizers in the Svnn zone of qulity in the west Afrin Moist Svnn Crop Si, Nigeri mmun Soil Si Plnt Anl, 26: : Hunter, RB, 980 Inresed lef-re (soure) nd 27 Yrni, M, 200 Sowing dtes nd deity yield of mize in short-seson res Crop Si, evlution of mrnth (v Koniz ) s new rop 20: Advnes in Environmentl Biology, 4():

Crop Rotations, Reduced Tillage and N Fertilization Effects on Corn Yields And Aflatoxin Levels

Crop Rotations, Reduced Tillage and N Fertilization Effects on Corn Yields And Aflatoxin Levels Crop Rottions, Redued Tillge nd N Fertiliztion Effets on Corn Yields And Afltoxin Levels J.E. Mtoh nd M. Rihrdson Texs AgriLife Reserh nd Extension Center Stte Hwy Corpus Christi, TX 78- jmtoh@g.tmu.edu