Human Capacity Building for Sustainable Development of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in the Philippines and Japan

Transcription

1 17 May 2017, Hotel Supueime, Baguio City, Philippines!st International Conference on Food, Environment and Culture Human Capacity Building for Sustainable Development of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in the Philippines and Japan Koji Nakamura Visiting Professor and Professor Emeritus Representative of Satoyama Satoumi Project Kanazawa University Project Manager of Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program (JICA- Grassroots Technical Cooperation Program) Contact:

2 Keywords and contents Satoyama and Satoumi, SEPLSs Biocultural Diversity Japan Satoyama Satoumi Assessment (JSSA) Ecosystem Assessmet for Sustainable Development GIAHS, IPSI Human Capacity Building Noto Satoyama Satoumi Meister Training Program GIAHS Twinning between IRT and Noto, Sado Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program (ISMTP) Phase 1: , Phase 2:

3 Pitfall trap (Ground beetles) Traps are buried in the ground Window trap (Flying insects) Beating Sweeping with net Change in nsect and other arthropod fauna in relation to condition of restored paddy fields

4 Profile : Koji Nakamura, Dr. Agriculture ( 中村浩二 ) Visiting Professor Professor Emeritus of Kanazawa University Representative of Satoyama Satoumi Project, Kanazawa University Ecology, Insect population dynamics, Biodiversity, Tropics - Indonesia Satoyama and Satoumi in Japan and East Asia Kakuma Satoyama Nature School 1999 金沢大学 角間の里山自然学校, Noto Peninsula Satoyama-Satoumi Nature School 2006 能登半島 里山里海自然学校 Noto Satoyama Meister Training Program 能登里山マイスター 養成プログラム Noto Satoyama Satoumi Meister Training Program 2012 能登里山里海マイスター 養成プログラム Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program,, Philippines (JICA Grassroot Program) 2014 イフガオ里山マイスター 養成プログラム

5 Location of Ishikawa Prefecture, Kanazawa city and Noto Peninsula 1 Located in central Japan From Tokyo by airplane 1 hour Population of 1.16 million

6 さかさ日本海地図 ( 富山県提供 )

7 Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Noto s Satoyama Satoumi (9 municipalities in Noto Peninsula) Designated on 11 June 2011at Beijing GISHS Forum, together with Sado s Satoyama in harmony with the Japanese Ibis Sado Noto

8 8 Noto s Satoyama Satoumi was designated as GIAHS (UN-FAO) in June, 2011

9 Satoyama and Satoumi in Japan : definition, importance, present conditions and problems

10 Definition of Satoyama-Satoumi 2 SATO-YAMA SATO-UMI SATO = Village, home town YAMA = Mountain, hill UMI = Beach, ocean

11 What are Satoyama and Satoumi? 2 SATOYAMA Production landscapes sustainably managed by human activities such as agriculture, forestry and fishery (Secondary nature). Proper managements are necessary. SATOUMI Mosaics of different habitats with intermediate disturbance. Status has been changing over time depending on economical and other situations.

12 Importance of Satoyama 2 Large Area Japan: 40%; Ishikawa 60 70% ; Noto 100% High biodiversity and focus of extinction ( e.g. formerly commn species such as Ibis, stork, medaka-fish, fire flies, frogs etc) Ecosystem Services Sustainability and harmonious relationship between human and nature Agriculture forestry and fishery have public and multifunctional values

13 Biodiversity Ecosystem services Provisioning Food Wood & fiber Fuel Regulating Climate Flood Water purification Cultural Aesthetic Spiritual Educational Recreational Supporting Nutrient cycling Soil formation Primary Production

14 Kanakura, Wajima city

15 実った稲穂 ( )

16 Internationalization of Satoyama and Satoumi Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA) Japan Satoyama Satoumi Asssessment (JSSA) Key words Scientific and policyrelevant assessment Ecosystem services Human well-bing Multi-stakeholder The Internationa Partnership for the Satoyama Initiatives (IPSI) Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)

17 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Largest assessment of the health of Earth s ecosystems Experts and Review Process Prepared by 1360 experts from 95 countries 80-person independent board of review editors Review comments from 850 experts and governments Includes information from 33 sub-global assessments Governance Called for by UN Secretary General in 2000 Authorized by governments through 4 conventions Partnership of UN agencies, conventions, business, nongovernmental organizations with a multi-stakeholder board of directors

18 MA Framework Human Well-being and Poverty Reduction Basic material for a good life Health Good Social Relations Security Freedom of choice and action Ecosystem Services Indirect Drivers of Change Demographic Economic (globalization, trade, market and policy framework) Sociopolitical (governance and institutional framework) Science and Technology Cultural and Religious Direct Drivers of Change Changes in land use Species introduction or removal Technology adaptation and use External inputs (e.g., irrigation) Resource consumption Climate change Natural physical and biological drivers (e.g., volcanoes)

19 MA Findings - Outline 1. Ecosystem Changes in Last 50 Years 2. Gains and Losses from Ecosystem Change Three major problems may decrease long-term benefits Degradation of Ecosystem Services Increased Likelihood of Nonlinear Changes Exacerbation of Poverty for Some People 3. Ecosystem Prospects for Next 50 Years 4. Reversing Ecosystem Degradation

20 Japan Satoyama Satoumi Assessment (JSSA) Objectives To provide the scientific base for actions to be taken towards the conservation and sustainable management of the ecosystems through: Features: Apply the MA Conceptual Framework and Focus on the links between ecosystem services and human wellbeing Integrated Assessment (ecological, social, cultural, economic aspects of satoyama & satoumi) with multidisciplinary (social sciences and natural sciences) Multi-stakeholder Assessment (national and local governments, businesses, research and academic institutions, NGOs, local communities and international organizations) to address the needs of users Bottom-up approach by Cluster Assessment

21 Goals and Objectives of JSSA KEY QUESTIONS What are satoyama and satoumi, and how have they changed in the last 50 years? How have biodiversity and ecosystem services changed in satoyama and satoumi landscapes, and what are the main causes? Why are changes in satoyama and satoumi a concern? What has been done to encourage satoyama and satoumi systems? What is the future for satoyama and satoumi landscapes under plausible scenarios?

22 What are satoyama and satoumi? JSSA defines satoyama and satoumi landscapes as dynamic mosaics of managed socio-ecological systems producing a bundle of ecosystem services for human well-being. Satoyama Satoumi (JSSA, 2010) Socio-Ecological Production Landscape = SEPL

23 Scope of JSSA TIME FRAME Drastic changes have occurred in satoyama and satoumi in the past 50 years since the end of World War II: Destruction near the urban areas Abandonment in the rural areas GEGRAPHIC SCOP Include 5 major clusters throughout Japan to encompass different geographical, climate, ecological, social, economic, and political characteristics: Bottom-up Approach

24 Ecosystem Services Pr o vi si o ni n g R eg ul at in g Changes in ecosystem services, direct drivers and human well-being (1) Human Use Enhanced or degraded Direct Drivers Changes in land use Urbanizati on Loss of mosaic Food Rice +/- Underuse Overexploitation Global/regional warming Livestock + Matsutake mushrooms Exotic species Pollution Hum an wellbein g +/- Marine fishery +/- Mari culture NA + Fabric Material +/- Firewood and charcoal +/- Sericulture +/- Air quality regulation +/- +/- Local climate regulation +/- +/- Water regulation Flood control +/- Water purification +/- + Soil erosion regulation Farmlands and forests + Coastal area - Pest control and pollination -

25 Key Findings from JSSA Mosaic composition of different ecosystem types that are managed by humans to produce a bundle of ecosystem services for human well-being Continued loss of satoyama and satoumi landscapes over 50 years has negative consequences for human well-being and biodiversity, reulting in a drop in resiliency of the coupled socio-ecological production systems Integrated approaches including citizen participation have been used increasingly over the past ten years Critical to the success of integrated approach to ecosystem management is creation of a new commons, new governance systems and new businesses.

26 Products Provided a valuable scientific data base Provided a valuable epistemic community of scholars and practitioners Policy Brief, 2010 (English) Cluster Reports - 6 Regions, 2010 (Japanese) 27 Summary for Decision Makers, 2010 (English & Japanese) Technical Reports Books, 2012 English UNU Press Japanese Asakura Publishing

27 SATSATOYAMA SATOUMI: from Japanese to global concept International Partinership of SATOYAMA Initiative (IPSI) Convention of Biodivery (CBD) Ministry of Environment Globally Inmportant Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) FA0 Minisitry of Agriculture, Biopshere Reserves(BR Japan Eco-Park) Biocultural divversity UNESCO-MSB Ministry of Education,

28 Achievements of COP10 (2010) Nagoya protocole Aichi targets International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative

29 Launching event of the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI) on 19 th October, 2010

30 Satoyama and Satoumi in Japan : definition, importance, present conditions and problems

31 32 Noto s Satoyama Satoumi was designated as GIAHS (UN-FAO) in June, 2011

32 Number Serious depopulation and aged populatio in Noto 能登の現状 : 過疎 高齢化 Tokyo and Noto : Same areas Tokyo Population (12 millions) Noto (230,000) >100,000 Marginal villages 限界集落 集落崩壊 Collaps of villages Collapse of ecosystems and local culture 生態系の崩壊, 伝統文化の断絶 可能性と 強み 豊かな里山里海 in 2030 伝統産業 食品加工技術 トキの舞う自然環境への可 Noto Peninsula Tokyo Rich local resources Deterioration of Satoyama Satoumi 里山里海の荒廃 Population in Oku-Noto 奥能登の人口 15 万人 S35 S40 S45 S50 S55 S60 H2 H7 H12 H17 H22 Age distribution Age Trend 7 万人

33 Noto Satoyama Meister Training Program 文部科学省科学技術振興調整費 地域再生人材創出拠点の形成 MEXT (Ministry of Education) Funded Project Noto Satoyama Meister Program (Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology) Targets: (2 yr program) 62 graduates 14 from urban areas (12 settled in Noto) Capacity building of Young Leaders Young boy and 常駐教員 現地リーダーの配置 girls in urban areas Young staffs of local city and town offices Sons and daughters of local farmers 160km Representative Special prfs Senior local staffs Farmer leader 中山節子 Young ( 人類学 地域研究 Post-doc ) staffs resident in Suzu

34 能登の里山里海の持続可能な未来を創る 能登 里山里海マイスター 育成プログラムについて 金沢大学里山里海プロジェクト

35 Concept of human capacity building in Noto Satoyama Meister Program Continuation of traditional culture and techniques Biodiversity conservation to utilize ecosystem services Environmentally friendly agriculture, forestry and fishery industries Regional Revitalization Food safety Eco-tourism Exchange between urban and rural areas Forming of added value The power of youth is needed to begin turning on a positive spiral!

36 Variety of lectures and practices Prominent figures lectures Biodiversity in paddy field Farming and cultivation Governor Tanimoto s lecture Management Information technology Visit good models

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39 GIAHS Twinning between Philippines (Ifugao) and Japan (Noto and Sado) from Noto communique: Rcommendation (5), 2013 JICA Technical Cooperation for Grassroots Project (Special Program) Human Resources Development Program for the Sustainable Development of Globally Important Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Designated Site Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program 2014~2016(3yrs) 世界農業遺産 (GIAHS) イフガオの棚田 の持続的発展のための人材養成プログラムの構築支援事業略称 イフガオ里山マイスター養成プログラム JICA 草の根技術協力 ( 地域経済活性化特別枠 ) 事業

40 International Forum on GIAHS, Ishikawa, Noto, Japan May 2013 Noto Communique Recommendations: (5) Twinning of GIAHS sites between developed and developing countries

41 Many years ago Apr. 2010

42 Ifugao Rice Terrace(IRT) UNESCO World Heritage(1995) FAO-Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS, 2005) World Endangered Heritage (2001) Already resolved (2012) Lacking of young farmers and unregulated tourism Damage to landscape Needs of capacity development of young generation Visit to JICA Office at Manila (Jan., 2012) DENR (FASPO) and FAO Manila Office (Nov.,2013)

43 Threats and challenges common to GIAHS Noto and Sado (Japan): Decreasing and ageing population Ifugao (Philippines): Decreasing young generation due to outmigration to urban areas and unregulated tourism Living in harmony with nature: environment friendly agriculture, agro-business, new commons and governance Exchange people between rural and urban areas Key is : Human capacity building of young people

44 Training Needs Assessment Meeting, Ifugao, Jan. 2014

45 Launching Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program and Ifugao GIAHS Sustainable Developmen Committee (Mar. 25, 2014, Ifugao State Univ.)

46 Phase 1: JICA Grassroots Project for the Human Resources Development Program for sustainable development of the GIAHS Designated site, Ifugao Rice Terraces (IRT) in the Philippines Workforce Ifugao GIAHS Sustainable Development Committee (IGDC) Technical Committee BSU MPSPC University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) Ifugao State University (IFSU) Local coordination/management Curriculum design Selection of trainees Training of trainers Field activities Advocacy works Organizing workshops, meetings & symposium Ifugao Provincial Government Municipality Offices (Banaue, Hungduan, Kiangan and Mayoyao) Local office members Recommend trainees and lecturers Local supporters, assistants Field exercise and training Workshops, meetings symposiums JICA Ishikawa Prefecture Proponent Kanazawa University Implementer UN-FAO, GIAHS Advisers Ifugao GIAHS Support Committee (IGSC) in Japan The 5 Prefectures Alliance for GIAHS in Japan, including Noto and Sado GIAHS Collaborators Ishikawa Pref. Univ. UNU-ISP UNU-OIUK Academe collaborators Other support groups Implementation support

47 Philippine-Japan Forum GLOCAL Innovators: Capacity Building for Sustainable Development and Human Well-Being through GIAHS Twinning Program Baguio, Philippines 26 Jan. 2015

48 Mentoring Workforce Meeting Baguio, Philippines 26 Jan. 2015

49 修了論文発表会 Final oral examination 1 期生修了式 Graduation ceremony

50 One thousand terraced paddies in Wajima city, 30 Sept Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program Delegation visited Kanazawa and Noto Peninsula (Sept.27 Oct.3, 2015)

51 Terraced paddies and farmer s shop in Mikohara, Hakui city, Noto Peninsula (29 Sept. 2015)

52 Traditional hwooden handicrafts in Wajima city, 30 Sept 2015

53 Visiting Noto gakusha, the headquater building of Noto Satoyama Satoumi Meister Training Program 30 Sept. 2015

54 Networking University s initiative in collaboration with Provincial Government and LGUs, and other stakeholders Diversity (Trainees, Mentors, Stakeholders, etc) Satoyama and Sustainability Concepts International plantform (GIAHS, IPSI) Training system Intensive face to face mentoring system (Trainee/Mentor) Thesis writing with final public presentation Follow-up of almuni

55 ISMTP records:1 st Phase ( ) Establishment of implement system: IFSU, UPOU (BSU, MPSCPC) Establishment of support system: IGDC (Ifugao) and IGSC (Noto) Monthly lectures and firld works No. of trainees graduated (no. enrolled) 1 st batch 14 (20), 2 nd 20 (26), 3 rd 16 (24) Totala 51 Exposure trip to Noto and Kanazawa Sept st batch: 3 mentors+10 trainees Sept nd batch: 3 mentors+1ra +14 trainees+ 5 alumni Sept rd batch: 3 mentors+1ra+12 trainees+3 alumni Philippine/Japan Forums (2 times/year in Ifugao and Noto Almuni: Network and follow up Mr Izumiya, Chairman of Ifugao GIAHS Support Committee (IGSC) and Suzu city mayor, visited Ifugao in July 2016 Launching of 2 nd phae (2017-)

56 ISMTP records (2) Visits to Ifugao Rice Terraces 2 innovative Sado farmers, June 2016 Kanazawa University Student International Internship, Aug-Sept 2016 First Asian Conference for Biocultural Diversity (27-29 September 2016, Nanao city, Ishikawa Prefecture) UPOU s application to Mitsui Environment Foundation on Youth capacity building and exchange program toward sustainable development and conservation of Ifugao Rice Terraces in June 2016 (results announced in October 2016)

57 Subjects of trainees Graduation Research Satoyama & GIAHS Agriculture and cultivation Rice, crops Organic ways Livestock raising Agricultural processing Environment and ecosystems Branding Marketing Global warming Biodiversity Integrated pest management Indiginous endangered species Alien pests Giant earthworm, kuhol, kiwitand, etc. Culture, traditional knowledge Eco-tourism ESD (Education for Sustainable Development)

58 Subject of Ifugao Satoama Meister Trainining Program, Organic swine raising, July 2015

59 TINAWON RICE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TRAINEE: Myra Ann D. Wachayna

60 MUSEOLOGY with the CREATION of ASSEMBLAGE of SATOYAMA Photographs in IFUGAO Context: Evidence of Living Heritage VICKY C. MADANGENG IFUGAO SATOYAMA MEISTER PROGRAM STUDENT - TRAINEE

61 Progress of ISMTP alumni s activities Yuyu ( ドジョウ ) culture in IRT (Jan. 2016)

62 Discussion and Perspectives

63 Japan s Satoyama Satoumi in 2050? Aged, depopulation Under-management Lower Ecosystem Services? 資料 : 人口動態統計 厚生労働省大臣官房統計情報部 More Urbanization?

64 Future population trend of Japan 我が国の総人口は 今後 長期の人口減少過程に入り 平成 38(2026) 年に人口 1 億 2,000 万人を下回った後も減少を続け 60(2048) 年には 1 億人を割って 9,913 万人となり 72(2060) 年には 8,674 万人になると推計されている ( 図 1-1-3)

65 Birth rate ranking (184 countries) 1 Niger Philippines Indonesia China Japan Korea 1.21

66 Keynote speech 2 By Dr. Napoleon B. Imperial

67 Inconvenient truth in Japanese Agriculture 日本農業の危機 High average age of farmers (67 yrs old) 農家の平均年齢 67 才 Small-scale farming 零細な経営規模 (1 戸あたり農地面積 ha) 日本 (1.8) はアメリカ (178.4) の約 1/99 Global/local circumstances are challenging Small GDP in Agriculture is only 1.15% GDP: 農林水産業は 日本全体の 1.15% Lower income from agriculture than industries GDP: 農林水産業は 日本全体の 1.15% High potential values of Satoyama Satoumi as resources GIAHS ERAHS s networking and exchanges Human capacity building for young generation 里山里海の自然資源 文化資源の価値 GIAHS ERAHS のネットワーク若手人材の養成が急務

68 The 2 nd phase( ) Title: Project for strengthening GIAHS Twinning between GIAHS designated sites, Ifugao Rice Terraces (IRT) and Noto s Satoyama and Satoumi for sustainable development 1. ISMTP: emporment, self-support, sustainability 2. Noto and Sado: reactivation 3. Extention of exchange among GIAHS What should be 3rd phase(2020-)?

69 Phase 2: JICA Grassroots Project for strengthening GIAHS Twinning between GIAHS designated sites, Ifugao Rice Terraces (IRT) and Noto s Satoyama and Satoumi for sustainable development Workforce Ifugao GIAHS Sustainable Development Committee (IGDC) in Philippines Technical Committee BSU MPSPC Ifugao State University (IFSU) University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) Local coordination/management Curriculum design Selection of trainees Training of trainers Field activities Advocacy works Organizing workshops, meetings & symposium Ifugao Provincial Government Municipality Offices (Banaue, Hungduan, Kiangan and Mayoyao) Local office members Recommend trainees and lecturers Local supporters, assistants Field exercise and training Workshops, meetings symposiums JICA Ishikawa Prefecture Proponent IGSC Implementer UN-FAO, GIAHS Advisers Ifugao GIAHS Support Committee (IGSC) in Japan The 8 Prefectures Alliance for GIAHS in Japan, including Noto and Sado GIAHS Collaborators Ishikawa Pref. Univ. UNU-IAS UNU-OIUK Academe collaborators Other support groups Implementation support

70 Challenges and future directions in ISMTP Japanese side (Kanazawa University etc.) supports the launching of Ifugao Satoyama Miester Training Program (ISMTP) by adapting the applicable knowledge and learning of Kanazawa University s Noto experience to IRT. Self-sustainability of ISMTP is to be established, in the near future, by IFSU, UP-OU, local governments and other stakeholders of IRT. Bilateral relationships and equal partnership are important (e.g. Cost-sharing, local involvement ).

71 Human Capacity Building Utilization of Natural and Cultural Resouces More Local involvement Community Empowerment Reactivation of Local Communities

72 FAQ What are the motivation and merits for Noto and Sado GIAHS to implement ISMTP?

73 Mainstreaming Networking and exchange Follow-up of alumni Human capacity building improvement of ISMTP governing systems Trainees and Mentors Stakeholders

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75 Developing Sustainable and Resilient Rural Communities in the Midst of Climate Change: A Challenge to Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Strategies Climate Change causes various kinds of hazards: Weather disaster Invasion of pests Troubles in agriculture and fishery

76 Resilience or Recovery from the Climate Change and Other Disaster Power of Community Human Capacity

77 Follow-up of JSSA: Analysis of the Assessment s impacts and implementing processes is necessary. How and Why have the expected changes occurred or not? Policy relevant? Benefit to Users? Multi-stakeholders? Bottom-up?

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79 International, national and other designation : GIAHS BR,, Real part starts after the designation Designation Monitoring Up-grade Action Plan Evaluation Advertising sign Governing structure Network Experts Multi-stakeholder Multi-municipality Bottom up

80 Japan finds itself in the position of a developed country, facing many serious challenges, which other countries will one day also be facing. We have been tackling this issue by participation in the international networks and platforms such as IPSI and GIAHS as well as collaboration with local communities Human capacity building of young generation is the key to overcome the challenges

81 Launching Ifugao GIAHS Sustainable Development Committee (IGDC) (Mar. 25, 2014, Ifugao State Univ.) Thanks for your kind attention Courtesy visit to Mr. Izumiya, Chairman of Ifugao GIAHS Support Committee (IGSC) and Mayor of Suzu city (Sept. 2014)

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