Fuels Gaseous Liquid Solid. Nuclear. Electricity, Heating, and Cooling? Cheryl Gomez, PE, MBA, LEED AP BD+C
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1 Cheryl Gomez, PE, MBA, LEED AP BD+C Fuels Gaseous Liquid Solid Nuclear Electricity, Heating, and Cooling? Source: US Energy Information Administration Solar, 0.2% Geothermal, 0.4% Petroleum, 1% Other Gases, 1% Biomass, 1% Wind, 4% Other Renewable, 6% Hydropower, 7% Coal, 39% Nuclear, 19% Natural Gas, 27% 1
2 Financial Risk Management Environmental Social No: 2494 Contributor: Bjorn Ottosen Stena Year: 2011 Country: Norway Companies: Natural Gas Composition Wet & Dry Gas Nitrogen & Sulfur Content Units and Heating Values Source: Energy Information Administration Russia Iran* Qatar* Saudi Arabia* United States Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates* Venezuela* Nigeria* Algeria* Indonesia Iraq* China Kazakhstan Malaysia 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 2
3 Proven reserves, also called proved reserves, measured reserves, 1P, and Reserves, are business or political terms regarding fossil fuel energy sources. They are defined as a "Quantity of energy sources estimated with reasonable certainty, from the analysis of geologic and engineering data, to be recoverable from well established or known reservoirs with the existing equipment and under the existing operating conditions. 9 3
4 10 4
5 Henry Hub Natural Gas Price dollars per million Btu Historical spot price STEO forecast price NYMEX futures price 95% NYMEX futures upper confidence interval 95% NYMEX futures lower confidence interval Jan 2013 Jul 2013 Jan 2014 Jul 2014 Jan 2015 Jul 2015 Note: Confidence interval derived from options market information for the 5 trading days ending Dec. 4, Intervals not calculated for months with sparse trading in near-the-money options contracts. Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December
6 Gasoline Diesel Fuel Oil, Including Off Road Diesel Jet Fuel Other Exxon Mobil Profit ($Billion) $50.0 $45.0 $40.0 $36.0 $39.5 $40.6 $45.2 $41.0 $44.9 $35.0 $30.0 $30.5 $32.6 $25.0 $20.0 $19.3 $15.0 $10.0 $5.0 $
7 Distillates (#1, #2) Heavy Distillates / Light Residual (#4) Heavy Residuals (#5, #6 - Bunker C ) Grade Sulfur % Heating Value BTU/Gallon Pour Point D HD/LR HR , ,000 < , ,800 < , , L , , H , ,000 6H , , Who s using it? Where is it? What are the environmental & social aspects? How long is it going to last? 7
8 North America Non-OECD Asia OECD Europe OECD Asia Central and South America Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Africa Million Barrels Per Day Derived from EIA World Energy Projections 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Transportation Industrial Residential and Commercial Electric Power Source: Energy Information Administration ( Billion Barrels Middle East Canada C + S America Africa Russia Eurasia-Russia Asia + Oceania United States Europe Mexico Source: Energy Information Administration 8
9 35% 33% 30% 25% 20% 17% 15% 11% 10% 10% 5% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 0% Canada Saudi Arabia Mexico Venezuela Columbia Irag Kuwait Nigeria Ecuador Angola 9
10 Billion Barrels Total World Use, 31 Total World Reserve s,
11 Waste Products MSW / RDF / TDF Agricultural By Products Uses Issues Financial Environmental Wood image at: UBC Bioenergy Research and Demonstration Facility (BRDF) System Components 11
12 Class BTU/lb Sulfur % Nitrogen % Ash % Anthracite 12,700 13, Bituminous 11,000 14, Subbituminous 8,500 9, Lignite 6, Source: Derived from ASHRAE Handbook Who s using it? Where is it? What are the environmental & social aspects? How long is it going to last? World Coal Consumption Total World, Total Non- OECD, Quadrillion Btu Total OECD,
13 30% 27% 25% 20% 18% 15% 13% 10% 9% 7% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% 0% United States Russia China Australia India Germany Ukraine Kazakhstan South Africa Serbia Colombia Canada Poland Indonesia Brazil Other Countries Source: Energy Information Administration ( 13
14 Region/Country Bituminous & Anthracite Subbituminous Lignite Total United States Russia China Other Non OECD Europe & Eurasia Australia & New Zealand India Africa OECD Europe Other C. & S. America Other Non OECD Asia Brazil Canada Other Source: Energy Information Administration ( 7,577 Total World Consumption Total Recoverable Coal 948,000 Million Short Tons Source: Energy Information Administration (Extrapolated) 14
15 15
16 $18.00 $16.00 $15.47 $14.00 $12.00 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $6.36 $5.67 $4.00 $2.00 $0.00 $1.99 NG Coal Oil Electricity FY2000 $30.00 Fuel & Electricity Costs $25.00 $24.43 $21.54 $20.00 $15.00 $15.47 $18.50 $18.59 $10.00 $5.00 $6.36 $8.87 $7.59 $5.89 $5.27 $5.67 $1.99 $0.00 NG Coal Oil Electricity FY00 FY12 FY13 Last construction order? Over 19% of US electrical generation Issues? Uneconomical (2cents/kWh) Unsafe (Three Mile Island/Chernobyl) Nuclear fuel diversion Vulnerable to terrorist attacks (6 feet reinforced containment vessel) Waste (100 plants, 50 years 300 acres) 16
17 Source: International Atomic Energy Agency 17
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